| 单词 | En-lil |
| 例句 | True to his primeval character, En-lil of Nippur was the author of the Deluge. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z For Nippur we have the direct evidence that its chief deity, En-lil or Bel, was once regarded as the head of an extensive pantheon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" “In remotest antiquity we find En-lil designated as the ‘lord of the lower world’ and bearing the title Bel. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations We must distinguish, then, in the case of En-lil, at least four phases: 1. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The origin of the triad must be sought in geography, or rather in the fact that Ana, En-lil, and Ea represented the three chief sanctuaries and centres of religious influence in Babylonia. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z However that may be, Ea disclosed the determination of En-lil to his faithful servant, “the son of Ubara-Tutu.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z En-lil in despair sends his messenger, the fire-god, to Ea for advice and help, which are accordingly given, and the moon-god is saved. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z A consort, Nin-lil, a “mistress of the lower world,” was assigned to En-lil and was known also as Belit, the feminine form of Bel, i. e. the lady par excellence. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations The consort of En-lil is Nin-Lil, the 'mistress of the lower world.' The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It is perhaps not without reason that, while En-lil of Nippur appears as the destroyer of mankind, Ea is their creator and instructor. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z But the divine triads already make their appearance in it; Ea does not stand alone, but shares his powers with En-lil and Anu, while below them is the triad of Sin, Samas, and Istar. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z As Bel-Merodach took the place of En-lil, so too did Nebo take the place of Nusku. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z As ‘lord of the lower world,’ En-lil is contrasted to a god, Anu, who presides over heavenly bodies. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations Primarily, the ideograph Lil is used to designate a 'demon' in general, and En-lil is therefore the 'chief demon.' The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The realm of En-lil was in the underground world of darkness, and the spirits over whom he had ruled plied their work at night. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Centuries before En-lil of Nippur had developed into a Semitic Bel, an earthly dwelling-house had been provided for him which became in time the temple of a god. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Their names, and therewith their powers, were transferred to him; the supremacy of En-lil, the wisdom of Ea, the glory of Anu, alike became his. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The priests of Merodach inherited the rights and functions of the priests of En-lil. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z His name is, at this time, written invariably as En-lil. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It may be that Sin had once been one of the spirits in the domain of En-lil, a mere ghost whom the sorcerer could charm. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z It represented that underground world which was the home of En-lil and his ghosts; and this underground world, we must observe, was conceived of as a mountain. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z It was not from Nippur and the worshippers of En-lil, but from that mysterious deep which connected Babylonia with other lands, that its civilisation had come. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z En-lil of Nippur had to yield to the influence of the stranger. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z As the 'lord of the lower world,' En-lil is contrasted to a god Anu, who presides over the heavenly bodies. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria For the Babylonia of later history Merodach and not En-lil was the supreme Baal, and even the legends that had been told of the god of Nippur were transferred to his younger rival. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z En-lil, accordingly, was once a ram; Ea, an antelope. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z But there was not the same difficulty in accommodating his name and personality to the new conception of a god that there was in the case of En-lil. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z From the outset Ana had stood outside the sphere and dominion of En-lil; he was no ghost of the underworld to be degraded or renamed. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The oldest known to us at present is the frequently mentioned temple of E-Kur at Nippur, sacred to En-lil or the older Bel. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Merodach was the champion of the gods of light, En-lil had been the lord of the demons of darkness. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z It is significant that up to the last it was En-lil of Nippur who was represented as sending the Flood that destroyed mankind, while Xisuthros was saved by Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Theologically as well as politically it was needful that Merodach should supplant En-lil. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z En-lil, “the lord of the ghost-world,” thus became in time the ruler, not only of the dead, but also of the living. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The forces of 'chaos' are let loose, and an attempt is made to overthrow the 'order' of the world, symbolized by the tablets of fate which En-lil holds in his possession. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria He belongs to the period when the Sumerian was still supreme, and the name he bore was the Sumerian title of En-lil, “the lord of the ghost-world.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z It was no longer in honour of En-lil that the inhabitants of Babylonia were called “the people of Bel,” but because they were all alike the children and adorers of Bel of Babylon. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z En-lil became a Semitic Baal, and man himself became “the son of his god.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The character of Ea of Eridu lent itself more readily to Semitic conceptions than did the character of En-lil. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z This misfortune happens when Zu robs En-lil of the tablets by means of which law and order are established. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Zu's jealousy is aroused, and he plans to tear these tablets from En-lil. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The syncretic epoch of Babylonian religion had truly arrived when Ea and En-lil were thus interchanged, and the teaching of Nippur and Eridu united in the solar cult! The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The myth represents the conflict as taking place between Zu and En-lil, the Bel of Nippur. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria But En-lil is unable to resist the attack of Zu. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Instead of setting aside En-lil altogether, as was done by the compilers of the Tiâmat myth, Marduk conquers for himself the supremacy that his followers claimed for him. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Zu proceeds to the dwelling-place of En-lil and waits for a favorable moment to make an attack. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria To the north were the chapels of Ea and Nusku, and to the south those of Anu and En-lil, while westward was the temple of Merodach himself. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Such, however, is not the case, and the only god besides En-lil who is represented in the religious literature of the Babylonians as holding the tablets is Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It is to account for the fact that Marduk holds the tablets which were originally in the hands of En-lil. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria In the Tiâmat episode his name is substituted for that of En-lil, and the latter is represented as giving his consent to the transfer of his name to the god of Babylon. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The storm-god En-lil is set aside to make room for the solar deity Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Hence En-lil is “lord of the ghosts” in general, conceived of as “the devil” is often conceived of in Christian literature, or as Hades sometimes meant all the denizens of the underworld in Greek. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z |
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