| 单词 | electronegativity |
| 例句 | When the electronegativity difference is very large, as is the case between metals and nonmetals, the bonding is characterized as ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Carbon and hydrogen do not have the same electronegativity but are similar; thus, Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each element has a known electronegativity: a measure of their affinity for electrons. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z But this tendency is more than counterbalanced by an increase in the electronegativity of lead dioxide. Einstein and car batteries: A spark of genius 2011-01-13T10:39:10Z For HF, there is a larger dipole moment because there is a larger difference in electronegativity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This intermediate behavior is in part due to their intermediate electronegativity values. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Since macromolecules often have atoms within them that differ in electronegativity, polar bonds are often present in organic molecules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Hydrogen, meanwhile, has low electronegativity and thus weakly attracts electrons, in comparison. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Metallic tin is not electropositive enough compared with the electronegativity of its oxide to deliver a useful potential difference. Einstein and car batteries: A spark of genius 2011-01-13T10:39:10Z Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing electronegativity of the nonmetal atom because the polarity of the H-A bond increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In oxyacids with similar formulas, the acid strength increases as the electronegativity of the central atom increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Lower electronegativity is characteristic of the more metallic elements; hence, the metallic elements form ionic hydroxides that are by definition basic compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If, on the other hand, the atom E has a relatively high electronegativity, it strongly attracts the electrons it shares with the oxygen atom, making bond a relatively strongly covalent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In many cases, trends in electronegativity enable us to predict the type of bonding and the physical states in compounds involving the nonmetals. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z We know that electronegativity decreases as we move down a given group and increases as we move from left to right across a period. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The reactions become more exothermic and vigorous as the electronegativity of the nonmetal increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The nonmetals have higher electronegativities than do metals, and compounds formed between metals and nonmetals are generally ionic in nature because of the large differences in electronegativity between them. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z On the other hand, compounds formed between two or more nonmetals have small differences in electronegativity between the atoms, and covalent bonding—sharing of electrons—results. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The acid strength increases as the electronegativity of the central atom increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Although it has some chemical reactivity that is similar to that of the alkali metals, hydrogen has many of the same chemical properties of a nonmetal with a relatively low electronegativity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The electronegativity of an element increases with increasing oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polarized the electron distribution and the larger the partial charges of the atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table and decreases down a group. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Pauling derived the first electronegativity values by comparing the amounts of energy required to break different types of bonds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A rough approximation of the electronegativity differences associated with covalent, polar covalent, and ionic bonds is shown in Figure 7.8. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Transition metals in low oxidation states have lower electronegativity values than oxygen; therefore, these metal oxides are ionic. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Using the electronegativity values in Figure 7.6, arrange the following covalent bonds—all commonly found in amino acids—in order of increasing polarity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The acidity increases as the electronegativity of the central atom increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Figure 7.8 shows the relationship between electronegativity difference and bond type. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The length of the arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the electronegativity difference between the two atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Transition metals in very high oxidation states have electronegativity values close to that of oxygen, which leads to these oxides being covalent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Although C and S have very similar electronegativity values, S is slightly more electronegative than C, and so the C-S bond is just slightly polar. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The bond moments will be maximized when the electronegativity difference is greatest. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a chemical bond is called its electronegativity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The difference in electronegativity between two atoms determines how polar a bond will be. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The more strongly an atom attracts the electrons in its bonds, the larger its electronegativity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In a diatomic molecule with two identical atoms, there is no difference in electronegativity, so the bond is nonpolar or pure covalent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For one bond, the bond dipole moment is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If the central atom, E, has a low electronegativity, its attraction for electrons is low. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The electronegativity of the nonmetals is greater than that of hydrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z |
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