| 单词 | Ea |
| 例句 | In perhaps the riskiest bit of business, God, while looking for Ea, visits a church where he creates a ruckus by rudely breaking into a line at a soup kitchen. Review: God Is Alive and Crabby, According to ‘The Brand New Testament’ 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z Ea flees the family’s locked house and her father’s wrath through the washing machine, emerges from a Brussels laundromat and sets about collecting disciples to resolve a power struggle between her parents. Review: God Is Alive and Crabby, According to ‘The Brand New Testament’ 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z The catalyzed reaction mechanism involves a lower energy transition state than the uncatalyzed reaction, resulting in a lower activation energy, Ea, and a correspondingly greater rate constant. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Alvin Ea, chief executive of Singapore's largest container haulage platform, Haulio, believes that the industry has become a lot more resilient, by looking at options other than China. China lockdowns: The economic cost of a zero-Covid policy 2022-03-17T04:00:00Z "Maybe three months down the road, we will see the choke come back to Asia again," Mr Ea says. Why Christmas could be stuck in a shipping container 2021-10-18T04:00:00Z Villagers in Fishlake near Doncaster were forced to flee their homes after the river Don and Ea Beck both burst their banks. How wet has 2019 autumn really been? 2019-11-27T05:00:00Z The strangers that Ea encounters are all missing something, in one case quite literally. ‘The Brand New Testament’ rewrites the Good Book, with endless playfulness 2016-12-15T05:00:00Z The unstable transition state can then subsequently decay to yield stable products, C + D. The diagram depicts the reaction's activation energy, Ea, as the energy difference between the reactants and the transition state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Ea’s older brother, the beloved and unambiguously named JC, left home years ago, though he remains the proverbial thorn in his father’s side. Clever spiritual comedy 'The Brand New Testament' finds God ... in Brussels 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z "The world is adjusting to living with Covid as endemic," says Mr Ea. Why Christmas could be stuck in a shipping container 2021-10-18T04:00:00Z His daughter, Ea, avenges herself by hacking Dad’s computer, which promptly informs everyone on Earth of the date of their deaths. SIFF 2016: Highlights of week three 2016-06-02T04:00:00Z Ea, on the other hand, is loving, nonjudgmental, hopeful and, above all, curious. ‘The Brand New Testament’ rewrites the Good Book, with endless playfulness 2016-12-15T05:00:00Z The exponential term, e−Ea/RT, describes the effect of activation energy on reaction rate. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The movie explores this notion by sending Ea on her own world-saving mission, which will require her to track down six willing apostles of her own. Clever spiritual comedy 'The Brand New Testament' finds God ... in Brussels 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z The name of this enemy was Ea, a great red turtle, who crawled out and asked where he was going. Legends of Gods and Ghosts (Hawaiian Mythology) Collected and Translated from the Hawaiian 2012-03-21T02:00:33.043Z Of the god Ae or Ea all sorts of wonderful stories were told by the Babylonians, who attributed to him, as the god of wisdom and knowledge, the origin of the civilization which they enjoyed. The Old Testament In the Light of The Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia 2012-02-02T03:04:35.567Z Along with Ea and Bel of Nipur, Anu formed a triad which represented in the official religion the three elementary deities of the sea, the earth, and the heavens. A Primer of Assyriology 2011-09-14T02:00:47.990Z However that may be, Ea disclosed the determination of En-lil to his faithful servant, “the son of Ubara-Tutu.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Certain of the most ancient Babylonian myths, especially that of Adapa, may also be traced back to the shrine of Ea at Eridu. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Then Ea began to strike the water with his right fin, throwing the water up on all sides in mighty waves, expecting to overthrow Lono-kai and his boat. Legends of Gods and Ghosts (Hawaiian Mythology) Collected and Translated from the Hawaiian 2012-03-21T02:00:33.043Z There is hardly any doubt that in some of these cases the deity that is intended is the god whose name is now read Ae or Ea, who was called Aos by Damascius. The Old Testament In the Light of The Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia 2012-02-02T03:04:35.567Z Next came the creation of An-sar and Ki-sar, 'the upper' and 'lower firmament,' who in their turn gave birth to Anu, Ea, and Bel. A Primer of Assyriology 2011-09-14T02:00:47.990Z The rustling reeds communicated to him the secret, and he in turn told his “lord Ea” that he had understood the message. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z In the decades to come, Mr. Hargesheimer’s fund-raising and determination built a clinic, another school and libraries in Ea Ea, renamed Nantabu, and surrounding villages. Fred Hargesheimer, Repaid His Rescuers, Dies at 94 2010-12-24T02:40:27Z He and other city gods appear to have been developed from attributes vaguely shared by the earlier triad Anu, Bel-Enlil, and Ea. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis A number of the deities identified with the god Ea or Aa are given in the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, vol. The Old Testament In the Light of The Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia 2012-02-02T03:04:35.567Z He had already been identified with Asari-mulu-dugga, the son of Ea, and the attributes of the latter were accordingly transferred to the new Bel. A Primer of Assyriology 2011-09-14T02:00:47.990Z But the divine triads already make their appearance in it; Ea does not stand alone, but shares his powers with En-lil and Anu, while below them is the triad of Sin, Samas, and Istar. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z In the astral theology of Babylonia and Assyria, Anu, Bel and Ea became the three zones of the ecliptic, the northern, middle and southern zone respectively. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Dagan, the god of the Euphrates, is regarded as a form of Ea, and as probably the same deity as Dagon of the Philistines. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis The second one begins by stating how Aa or Ea heard of the plot of Tiamtu and her followers against the gods of heaven. The Old Testament In the Light of The Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia 2012-02-02T03:04:35.567Z So must thou say this, O Worm, May Ea smite thee with the might of his fist.” The Old English Herbals The culture of Babylonia was with good reason traced back to the god Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z To Anu was assigned the control of the heavens, to Bel the earth, and to Ea the waters. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" That the term 'waters' had a special significance for the inhabitants of a water-formed land is evident by the fact that the Semitic equivalent of Ea is Enki, which means 'lord of earth'. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis Yea, Ea knows, and all things he communicates.’ Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments It was then that Marduk “established the districts or cities of Anu, Bel and Ea,” identified with the North, Middle and South. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations At Eridu the demons were rather the raging winds and storm-clouds which lashed the waters of Ea into fury, and seemed for a time to transform his kingdom into a chaos of lawless destruction. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z I know of no four column tablets of similar kind.332.sag began a refrain which followed the titles of Enlil, Ea, etc. and ended with this line. Sumerian Liturgies and Psalms Texts have been discovered which tend to identify Oannes with the god Ea. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis He opened his mouth and unto Ea he spoke, That which he had conceived in his heart he made known unto him. The Christian View of the Old Testament His invocation is to Ashur, Shamash and Ishtar and to the Babylonian triad Anu, Bel and Ea. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations But in earlier days it needed all the wisdom of Ea to counteract their wicked devices. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Also somewhat frequently she is Damkina, consort of Ea, IV R. 54b 47; CT. Sumerian Liturgies and Psalms But the story about the son of Ea and Davkina has an important further development. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems For the Babylonian story it is implied in the rebuke given to Bel by Ea: On the sinner lay his sin, On the transgressor lay his transgression. The Christian View of the Old Testament For Ea and DAM-GAL-NUN-NA I increased their rule and in perpetuity appointed the lustrous offerings. Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters The creator Ea has taken the place of the spirit of destruction, the culture-god of the dragon of darkness. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z But first Anu and then another god turned back baffled, and finally Merodach, the son of Ea, was asked to become the champion of the gods. The Astronomy of the Bible An Elementary Commentary on the Astronomical References of Holy Scripture One of the oldest is Ea of Eridu, a town which stood in old times at the head of the Persian Gulf. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems The god Ea appears to have been originally the local deity of Eridu, a city which in early times stood on the Persian Gulf. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV He bids him not to put off the garment of Ea, nor something belonging to Marduk of Eridu. Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters Asari is invoked as the god who raised the dead to life, and the arts which make life pleasant were the gifts of Ea himself. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Since Merodach was the son of Ea, the culture god of Eridu near Ur on the Persian Gulf, it is possible that Babylon was a colony of Eridu. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" There grows the great world-tree which the gods love; it rises from the centre of the world, and is nourished from springs which Ea himself replenishes. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems As Eridu was probably a prominent political center, Ea, as its chief god, naturally became the creator, the bestower of wisdom, the author of the arts of life, in general a universal god. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV The myth which told how Ea or Oannes had brought the elements of civilization to his people expressly stated that he came from the waters of the Persian Gulf. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs Ea had created him without a helpmeet; he had endowed him with wisdom and knowledge, but had denied to him the gift of immortality. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Eridu, on the other hand, was the home of the culture-god Ea, the god of light and beneficence, who employed his divine wisdom in healing the sick and restoring the dead to life. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" In one the old god Ea peoples the original chaos with a variety of strange monsters. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems As the political center shifted, the popular interest changed and Ea yielded more or less to other gods, continuing, however, throughout the whole Babylonian and Assyrian period to receive high consideration. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Ea, the god of Eridu, was a god of light and beneficence, who employed his divine wisdom in healing the sick and restoring the dead to life. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs En-lil, accordingly, was once a ram; Ea, an antelope. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Merodach here takes the place of Ea, who appears as the creator in the older legends, and is said to have fashioned man out of the clay. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" The elements of fire and water had much to do with the combating of disease, and the two chief deities appealed to were Ea, god of water, and Marduk, god of the sun and fire. Primitive Psycho-Therapy and Quackery Nabu stands for agriculture as well as for wisdom, and Ea for wisdom as well as for the great deep. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Ea, the god of destiny, shall change his fortune and replace him by another.… Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs Like Ea, therefore, she was a modeller in clay, and there was good reason for associating her with the divine potter who had made man. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea counselled him not to eat or drink there. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" "At times Ea was regarded as a gazelle rather than as an antelope." The Evolution of the Dragon In the religious literature Nusku is the messenger of Bel-Marduk, who conveys the message of the latter to Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The code which was supposed to have been revealed by Ea, or Oannes, belonged to the infancy of Chaldean society and contained only a rudimentary system of legislation. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs Ea was not indeed a Baal, but he was already on the way to become a god in human form. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The Babylonian god Ea, however, is more likely to be meant. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" If it be admitted that Soma is merely the Aryan specialization of Ea and Osiris, as I have claimed, Sayce's association of Ea with the antelope is corroborated, even if it is not explained. The Evolution of the Dragon He is not merely the originator of writing, but the source of all wisdom, and for this reason he is spoken of as the son of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The magician alone knew how to cure them; and the priest taught that his knowledge had first been communicated to him by the god Ea through his interpreter, Merodach. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs Adapa, however, remembered the commands of Ea, and, unlike the biblical Adam, refused the food of immortality. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Disassociating these gods from all local connexions, Anu became the power presiding over the heavens, to Bel was assigned the earth and the atmosphere immediately above it, while Ea ruled over the deep. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" I have already suggested that Soma is only a specialized form of the Babylonian Ea, whose evil avatar is the dragon: there is thus suggested another link between the antelope and the latter. The Evolution of the Dragon In these great temples sacred to Marduk and Nebo, there were shrines to Sarpanitum, Tashmitum, Nusku, Ea and others, which also engaged the energies of the rulers. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Bel-Merodach was “the merciful one who raises the dead to life,” and Ea was ever on the watch to send aid to suffering humanity and foil the demons who warred against man. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs Two of the rivers which watered it were the Tigris and Euphrates, the two streams, in fact, which we are specially told had been created and named by Ea at the beginning of time. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Incantations originally addressed to Ea of Eridu, as the god of the watery element, and to Nusku, as the god of fire, were transferred to Marduk. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" He also makes the statement that the ideogram of Ea, turahu-apsu, means "antelope of the sea". The Evolution of the Dragon Nin-dim-su is a title of Ea, as the patron of arts. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, the patron deity of Eridu, became the god of culture and light, who delighted in doing good to mankind and in bestowing upon them the gifts of civilization. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs At the same time, both Ea and his son Asari still appear in animal shape. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z By the side of the first triad, consisting of Anu, Bel and Ea—disconnected in this form entirely from all local associations—we encounter a second triad composed of Shamash, Sin and Ishtar. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" But there is an important and significant difference between Osiris and Ea. The Evolution of the Dragon Agumkakrimi invokes Ea and Damkina, asking these gods, who 'dwell in the great ocean' surrounding the earth, to grant him long life. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Asari was addressed as “he who raises the dead to life,” and Ea was held to be the first legislator and creator of civilized society. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs It is significant that up to the last it was En-lil of Nippur who was represented as sending the Flood that destroyed mankind, while Xisuthros was saved by Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z This was done by making Ea confer on Marduk as his son the powers of the father, and by making Nusku a messenger between Ea and Marduk. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" The Babylonians regarded Ea in almost precisely the same light and endowed him with identical powers. The Evolution of the Dragon In the great fight of the gods against the monster Tiâmat, it would appear that, according to one version at least, Anshar sends Anu, Ea, and finally Bel-Marduk, in turn to destroy the monster. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Here the spirit of the water was worshipped, who in process of time passed into Ea, the god of the deep. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs The syncretic epoch of Babylonian religion had truly arrived when Ea and En-lil were thus interchanged, and the teaching of Nippur and Eridu united in the solar cult! The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea! sus! it is boyish to burn the old lad. The Entailed Hat Or, Patty Cannon's Times By a somewhat analogous process of archaic rationalization the sons respectively of Osiris and Ea, the sun-gods Horus and Marduk, acquired a similarly confused reputation. The Evolution of the Dragon Marduk, while absorbing the rôle of the old Bel, is still bound to acknowledge the fathership of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The first law-book, in fact, was ascribed to Ea, the god of culture, and it was told how he had enacted that the King should deal uprightly and administer justice to his people. Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs Here alone Ea was the creator of the earth, and here too, in the temple of the god, was a likeness of that “holy mound” whereon the future destinies of mankind were declared. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z When Merodach or Babylon was exalted as chief god of the pantheon his messages were carried to Ea by Nusku. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria A. The so-called "sea-goat" of Babylonia, a creature compounded of the antelope and fish of Ea. The Evolution of the Dragon The original seat of Ea, whose worship continued through all times to enjoy great popularity at Babylon, was at Eridu, which, we know, once lay on the Persian Gulf, but does so no longer. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria But if he have regard to the injunction of Ea, the great gods shall establish him in wisdom and the knowledge of righteousness.” Babylonians and Assyrians, Life and Customs To the north were the chapels of Ea and Nusku, and to the south those of Anu and En-lil, while westward was the temple of Merodach himself. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z At Eridu, as we have seen, it was assured by devotion to Ea and obedience to his commands as an instructor. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In China and Japan the Indra-episode plays a much less prominent part, for the dragon is, like the Indian Nâga, a beneficent creature, which approximates more nearly to the Babylonian Ea or the Egyptian Osiris. The Evolution of the Dragon Bel, as the god of earth, was associated with Anu, as the god of heaven, and Ea, as the god of the deep, to form a triad that embraced the entire universe. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea sounds like e long, as mean; or like ee, as dear, clear, near. A Grammar of the English Tongue The figure is accompanied by the symbol of Ea, a weapon which terminates in the head of a ram.274.WAI. iii. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Elsewhere it might happen, however, that Ea's gifts were restricted or withheld by an obstructing force--the raging storm god, or the parching, pestilence-bringing deity of the sun. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The unity of Egyptian and Babylonian ideas is nowhere more strikingly demonstrated than in the essential identity of the attributes of Osiris and Ea. The Evolution of the Dragon In naming the gates of his palace, he again associates Ea with 'the mistress of the gods,' from which it is clear that the epithet is used of Ea's consort. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The fish-god of Babylonia, however, whose image is sometimes engraved on seals, was a form of Ea, the god of the deep, and had no connection with Dagon. Patriarchal Palestine It reminds us of the vase on early Babylonian seal-cylinders from the two sides of which flow the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, and which is often held in the hands of the water-god Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea bade his son, Merodach, to "draw water from the mouth of two streams", and "on this water to put his pure spell". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was not only the god of the deep, but also "lord of life," king of the river and god of creation. The Evolution of the Dragon Accordingly, all the titles of Ea are bestowed in one place or the other upon Gibil-Nusku. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Adapa or Adama, the first man, who had been created by Ea, was fishing one day in the deep sea, when he broke the wings of the south wind. Patriarchal Palestine The origin of the triad must be sought in geography, or rather in the fact that Ana, En-lil, and Ea represented the three chief sanctuaries and centres of religious influence in Babylonia. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z In this brief review of the representative deities of early Babylonia, it will be seen that most gods link with Anu, Ea, and Enlil, whose attributes they symbolized in various forms. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In other countries there are homologous deities, such as Ea, Tammuz, Adonis, and Attis, which are certainly manifestations of the same idea and sprung from the same source. The Evolution of the Dragon It is only through Ea that Sin is released, just as though he were a human individual. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Long ages had to elapse before the Trinity of the later theology—Anu, Ea, and Bel—were born of these, and all things made ready for the genesis of the present world. Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations An old code, which seems to have been ascribed to the god Ea, asserts explicitly the responsibility of the ruler, and his amenability to divine punishment for unrighteous dealing. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z In the ocean home of Ea were bred the "seven evil spirits" of tempest--the gaping dragon, the leopard which preyed upon children, the great Beast, the terrible serpent, &c. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was called 'the antelope of the deep,' 'the antelope the creator,' 'the lusty antelope'. The Evolution of the Dragon Marduk, accordingly, is given the same titles as his father, Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The palace of the upper firmament, which he created as heaven, he caused Anu, Bel and Ea to inhabit as their stronghold. Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations A spirit of the sun was as conceivable as a spirit of Ea, and the son of Ea, it must be remembered, became a sun-god. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Tiamat, the female dragon, is more powerful than her husband Apsu, who is slain by his son Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was "originally the god of the river and was also associated with the snake". The Evolution of the Dragon The burning of images and witches, or of other objects, being so frequently resorted to as a means of destroying baneful influences, the god of fire occupies a rank hardly secondary to Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria He established the station of Bel and Ea along with himself. Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations En-lil in despair sends his messenger, the fire-god, to Ea for advice and help, which are accordingly given, and the moon-god is saved. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z "Who but Ea creates things", exclaimed a priestly poet. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The dragon acquired his covering of fish-scales from an evil form of Ea. The Evolution of the Dragon Ashurnasirbal makes mention of a sanctuary erected to the honor of Ea in Ashur. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea opened his mouth and speaks, he says to the warrior Bel: 156. Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations The stations of Bel and Ea he fixed along with it. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Another Babylonian deity, named Dagan, is believed to be identical with Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Then came Anu, the sunlit sky by day, the starlit firmament by night; Inlil-Bel, the king of the earth; Ea, the sovereign of the waters and the personification of wisdom. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 11 — Ancient and Mediæval History Damkina, the consort of Ea, is occasionally invoked, but it is significant that Sarpanitum, the consort of Marduk, is rarely mentioned. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria I sent forth Anu, but he would not meet her; Ea was terrified and turned back. Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations Ea and Asari were gods of the south; Babylon lay in the northern half of the country. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z He was the chief figure in a triad in which he figured as earth god, with Anu as god of the sky and Ea as god of the deep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Each of them duplicated himself, Anu into Anat, Bel into Belit, Ea into Damkina, and united himself to the spouse whom he had produced from himself. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 11 — Ancient and Mediæval History Anu survives in the Assyrian as in the Babylonian pantheon by virtue of being a member of the theological triad, composed as we have seen of Anu, Bel, and Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria I sent forth Anu, but he would not meet her; Ea was terrified and turned back. Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations But Ea was not only the god of wisdom, he was also the god of “life,” and the trees of both wisdom and life might therefore be fitly placed under his protection. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z There can be little doubt but that Ea, as he survives to us, is of later characterization than the first pair of primitive deities who symbolized the deep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria At the intercession of Ea, the Babylonian Noah and his wife were granted immortality and permitted "to dwell in the distance at the confluence of the streams." The Making of a Nation The Beginnings of Israel's History Sargon has an interesting statement in one of his inscriptions, according to which the names of the months were fixed by Anu, Bel, and Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The God Bel is determined to destroy mankind, and Hasisadra receives directions from Ea to build a ship, and take into it provisions and goods and slaves and beasts of the field. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 On early Babylonian seals, Ea, the god of the sea, is depicted as pouring sometimes the four rivers, sometimes only the Tigris and Euphrates, from a vase that he holds in his hands. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z It may be that Ea's sacred bush or tree is a survival of tree and water worship. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He was the young god who interceded continually between the angry, omnipotent Ea, his father, and the humble and unhappy Damkina, or Earth, who was his mother. The Damnation of Theron Ware Accordingly, Nabubaliddin assigns several deities who act the part of assistants to Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea remonstrates with Bel, and urges that hereafter, when he is angry with men, instead of sending a deluge, he shall send wild beasts, who shall destroy them. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 It is perhaps not without reason that, while En-lil of Nippur appears as the destroyer of mankind, Ea is their creator and instructor. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z One spell runs as follows: I am the sorcerer priest of Ea... Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea called Marduk to the place where he gave oracles, 97. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation There is no god conceived in so universal a manner as Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The demigod Adapa, the son of Ea, fishing in the sea for the family of his lord, is overwhelmed by the stormy south wind and cast under the waves. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 There is no longer a creator god, no longer an Ea, who, like Yahveh, existed before creation, and to whom the earth and its inhabitants owe their existence. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z No doubt the sky god Anu had his solar as well as his lunar attributes, which he shared with Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He set the Station of Bel and Ea thereby. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation That is the force of Ea's saying that Marduk's name also shall be Ea just as his. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The affrighted deities turn for protection to the high gods, Anu and Ea, who, however, recoil in terror from the hosts of the dragon Tiamat. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 The victory over Tiamât was followed by the assignment of particular posts in the sky to Anu, Bel, and Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z When the goddess Ishtar was in the Underworld, the land of the dead, the servant of Ea exclaimed-- "Hail! lady, may the well give me of its waters, so that I may drink." Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Shall be even as I am; his name shall be Ea. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation The consort of Ea figures occasionally in the historical texts of Hammurabi's successors. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Therein made he Anu, Bel, and Ea to dwell. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 As interpreter of the will of the culture-god he deprives Ea of his ancient prerogatives, and his title of “Prophet” becomes his name. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z These seven demons were also "the messengers of Anu", who, although specialized as a sky god in more than one pantheon, appears to have been closely associated with Ea in the earliest Sumerian period. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea went forth to fight the powers of darkness and he conquered Apsû and Mummu. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation She appears in the magical texts quite frequently at the side of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Hasisadra opened his mouth, to Ea his lord he said:-- O my lord, a ship in this wise hath no one ever built.... Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 Ea, however, intervened to save the man he had created. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z He was a storm god and a war god, and "lord of heaven and earth", like Ea and Anu. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In the Egyptian Legend of Ra and Aapep, the monster is rendered spell-bound by the god Her-Tuati, who plays in it exactly the same part as Ea in the Babylonian Legend. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Ea, in fact, does not occur at all in those inscriptions of the king that have as yet been discovered. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria That no harm come, no one go astray, The stations of Bel and Ea be set by its side. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 Adapa, on the other hand, was already endowed with knowledge by his creator Ea, and his loss of immortality was due, not to his disobedience, but to his obedience to the commands of the god. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Professor Budge thinks that the Assyrian editors substituted the ancient triad of Anu, Ea, and Enlil for the pair which would correspond to those found in Egypt. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria When Tiâmat heard of Ea's victory over Apsû and Mummu she was filled with fury, and determined to avenge the death of Apsû, her husband. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation To invoke Anu, Bel, and Ea becomes a standing formula that the rulers of Babylonia as well as of Assyria are fond of employing. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The lord of boundless wisdom, Ea, sat with them in council. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 He it was who conveyed to men the teaching of Ea, who healed their diseases by means of his father's spells, and who “raised the dead to life.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Originally the wives of Anu and Ea may have made up the group of eight primitive deities. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria When Anu reported his inability to deal with Tiâmat, a council of the gods was called, and Ea induced his son, Marduk to be present. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Ea and Nabu, although the general gods of wisdom, did not concern themselves with details. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria When this I heard to Ea my lord I spake:-- The building of the ship, O lord, which thou commandest If I perform it, people and elders will mock me. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 If so, the title and the god had been separated from one another at an early epoch, and the title had become itself a god who owned Ea as his father. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The northern story of Thor's fishing, when he hooked and wounded the Midgard serpent, is recalled by the Babylonian legend of Adapa, son of the god Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In the first place he founded E-Sharra, or the mansion of heaven, and next he set apart and arranged proper places for the old gods of the three realms—Anu, Bel and Ea. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Next to Marduk, there is no deity who is given such distinction in Babylonia, after the union of the Babylonian states, as Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Yielding to the persuasions of the gods, Ea sends a messenger to demand the release of the goddess. Library of the World's Best Literature, Ancient and Modern — Volume 1 This relationship between Ea and his son betrays Semitic—or at all events foreign—influence. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ansar's commands were fulfilled and the desires of Ea fully accomplished. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria At a later period, say about 500 B.C., the Babylonians made some of the gods regents of groups of stars, for Enlil ruled 33 stars, Anu 23 stars, and Ea 15 stars. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Of course, neither the rulers nor the priests of Babylon could have permitted the reverence for Ea to have gone to the length of throwing Marduk into the shade. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Then Heru-Behutet took upon himself the form of the Winged Disk, and he placed himself upon the front of the Boat of Ea. Legends of the Gods The Egyptian Texts, edited with Translations As Merodach was accompanied by his four divine dogs, so Ea was attended by sacred bulls. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z He placed beside his own the stations of Enlil and Ea, and on each side he opened mighty gates, fixing bolts on the left and on the right. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In these triads Anu represents the sky or heaven, Bel or Enlil the region under the sky and including the earth, Ea the underworld, Sin the Moon, Shamash the Sun, and Ishtar the star Venus. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Moreover, Babylon being the seat of culture as well as of power, in the period following upon Hammurabi, Marduk was necessarily conceived as possessing the same wisdom that distinguishes Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was the god of the deep, and of the underworld. Outline of Universal History He was the son of Ea, the chief god of the city, of whose will and wisdom he was the interpreter. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea had evidently a fish shape ere he was clad in the skin of a fish, as an Egyptian god was simply a bull before he was depicted in human shape wearing a bull's skin. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Marduk made known to Ea his intention of creating man, and Ea suggested that if one of the gods were sacrificed the remainder of them should be set free from service, presumably to Marduk. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation As a consequence, the attributes of Ea were transferred in a body to Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria "Take that woman away," yelled Valencia in a tragic voice: "Ea!" he added, cleaving the air with his knife. The Quest Like Ea, too, Thoth wrote the first books from which men derived their laws.94 However this may be, Thoth was the creator of the world through the word of his mouth. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Then Ea, who knoweth all, drew near; he beheld the evil ones conspiring and muttering together. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In reply the gods named Kingu, Tiâmat's second husband, whom they seized forthwith, and bound with fetters and carried to Ea, and then having "inflicted punishment upon him they let his blood." The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Again, there are incantations in which the name of Marduk appears without Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria I will descend into the ocean to dwell with my lord Ea. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Even when Ea and his son Asari had taken the place of the demons of the older faith, the official religion was still compelled to recognise their existence and power. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Anshar then called upon Merodach, son of Ea, and addressed him, saying, "My son, who softeneth my heart, thou shalt go forth to battle and none shall stand against thee." Myths of Babylonia and Assyria From Kingu's blood Ea fashioned mankind for the service of the gods. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation When, therefore, Anu, Bel, and Ea were invoked, it was equivalent to naming all the powers that influenced the fate of man. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The wisdom of Ea, the precious priesthood, the leadership, 12. what is composed for the contentment of the heart of the great gods, 13. The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh The formula of exorcism put into the mouth of Ea himself ends with an appeal to the “life” of heaven and earth. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Although Ea may work spells against her, she is able to thwart him by working counter spells. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The fragments of text show that Ea waged war against Apsu and Mummu. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation In other words, the conception of the triad Anu, Bel, and Ea is again an evidence of the existence of schoolmen and of schools of religious thought in the days of the ancient empire. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Who besides the god Ea can make a plan? The Babylonian Story of the Deluge as Told by Assyrian Tablets from Nineveh Of one of these, Ea, the ruler of the deep, Bel-Merodach the sun-god was born. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Now Merodach, as the son of Ea whom he consulted and received spells from, was a brother of "Tammuz of the Abyss". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea recited an incantation which caused Apsu to fall asleep. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation The old Bel is entirely forgotten, or survives at best in conventional association with Anu and Ea, as a member of the ancient triad. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria A messenger of the great god Ea was accordingly despatched to rescue the goddess on whom so much depended. The Golden Bough At all events the culture-god of Babylonia who corresponded to Thoth was Ea, the deep, and one of the earliest names of Ea was “the god Nun.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z By this time he had reached the heaven of Anu, Bel, and Ea, and found there rest and shelter. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He then "loosed the joints" of Mummu, who in some way suffered, but he was strong enough to attack Ea when he turned to deal with Apsu. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation A factor in this amalgamation of Erua and Sarpanitum was the close association brought about in Babylon between Marduk and a god whose seat was originally at the Persian Gulf—Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The discrimination, which Ea urges, Ezekiel asserts will be made; but the sinner must bear his own sin, and the righteous, however eminent, can only save themselves by their righteousness. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition Ea was supplanted by his son, and the honours he had received were transferred to the younger god. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z So Gilgamesh and Arad Ea went on their way together, nor paused until they came to a well of pure water. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea overcame both his adversaries and divided Apsu into chambers and laid fetters upon him. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Nabu is inferior to Ea, and were it not for the priority of Marduk, he would have become in Babylonian theology, the son of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The evidence of Damascius suggests that Enlil's name was here retained, between those of Anu and Ea, in other versions of the poem. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition Merodach was son of Ea only because he had been identified with Aṡari, who was son of Ea in the theology of Eridu. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Then he turned to the gods, and Ea heard him. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria When … had harnessed his chariot he went to meet Ea, 5. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation Again, in the formal curses which the kings called down upon the destroyers of the inscriptions or statues that they set up, the appeal to Anu, Bel, and Ea is made. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Their revolt at the ordered "way" of the gods was a necessary preliminary to the incorporation of the Dragon myths, in which Ea and Marduk are the heroes. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition Before them was the older and higher triad of Anu, Bel, and Ea,—the sky, the earth, and the water,—the three elements of which the whole universe was formed. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z According to Damascius the elder Bel came into existence before Ea, who as Enki shared his attributes. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He turned pale; towards Ea he lifted up his head. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation But Ea must be introduced into the episode. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ut-napishtim saw its beginning, but fearing to watch the storm, he entered the interior of the ship by Ea's instructions, closed the door, and handed over the direction of the vessel to the pilot Puzur-Amurri. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition Their names, and therewith their powers, were transferred to him; the supremacy of En-lil, the wisdom of Ea, the glory of Anu, alike became his. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z As we have seen, Ea revealed the "purpose" of the gods, when they resolved to send a flood, by addressing the reed hut in which Pir-napishtim lay asleep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria After Ea had fashioned man he … laid service upon him. The Babylonian Legends of the Creation If Bel was to be replaced, Ea had a prior claim. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Though Ea's intervention finds, of course, no parallel in either Hebrew version, the subject-matter of his speech is reflected in both. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition Tradition told how he had instructed men in the arts of life, and done for primeval Egypt what Ea and Asari had done for Chaldæa. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Indeed, the Manu myth appears to have been derived from the lost flood story in which Ea figured prominently in fish form as the Preserver. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Yes, and I remember Ishtar ere she was stolen from us by the Babylonians, and Ea, too, was ours, supreme in the Under World, who enabled Ishtar to conquer death. The Jacket (Star-Rover) Marduk could only take the new functions upon himself after receiving the powers of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria But Enki, like Ea, was no rain-god; he had his dwellings in the Euphrates and the Deep. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition It is possible that Aṡari, “the prince who does good to men,” had been originally a title of Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The Babylonian Ea cult and the Indian Varuna cult had apparently much in common, as is shown. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Shamash loves Gilgamesh, Anu, Bel, and Ea have given him wisdom. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria In the deluge story, which forms part of the Izdubar epic, Ea alone is the hero. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Thereupon Ninib accuses Ea, who by his pleading succeeds in turning Enlil's purpose. Legends of Babylon and Egypt in relation to Hebrew tradition Asari had once been conceived of as a ram, Ea as an antelope; and between the ram and the antelope no genetic relationship was possible. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The most typical Babylonian deity was Ea, the god of the fertilizing and creative waters. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea replies: Thus answer and speak to them: Bel has cast me out in his hatred, So that I can no longer dwell in your city. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Otherwise we have Anu only when the triad Anu, Bel, and Ea is invoked. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, it is true, tells Parnapishtim of Bel's hatred, but he does not reveal the secret of the gods. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Henceforth the son of Ea and the god of Babylon are one and the same. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Originally Ea appears to have been a fish--the incarnation of the spirit of, or life principle in, the Euphrates River. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Unfortunately, the fragment is too mutilated to permit us to ascertain what steps Ea takes against Dibbarra. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Standing far above him is the triad, Anu, Bel, and Ea, the gods that personify, as we have seen, the great divisions of the universe,—heaven, earth, and water. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea created in his wisdom a male being. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Its tutelary god was a son of Ea of Eridu, and had been worshipped at Eridu long before his cult was carried northward to Babylon. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Gods of Babylonia and Egypt of common origin--Ea's City as Cradle of Sumerian Civilization. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The gates are significantly designated as the gate of Anu, Bel, and Ea, and the gate of Sin, Shamash, Ramman, and Ishtar. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It is over this city that Ea watches. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Adapa is designated as the son of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The Sumerian might indeed speak of the “Zi”—“the spirit”—of Ea, or rather of the deep, but to the Semite he was a veritable god. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea, the wise lord, sat also with them. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Adapa, accordingly, is portrayed as fishing for the 'house of his lord,' i.e., for Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria We are justified, therefore, in going back many centuries, before reaching the period when Ea was, merely, the local god of Eridu. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Allatu may curse as she pleases; the order of Ea must be obeyed. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea accordingly came to be addressed as the “lord of the earth” as well as of the sea, and Eridu, his city, was the “city of the lord of the land.” The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z I heard the command of Ea and understood, and I made answer, saying, 'O wise lord, as thou hast said so will I do, for thy counsel is most excellent. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Bel could not be disposed of as Ea, who by virtue of his mythological relationships to Marduk—a solar deity—could be retained as the father of Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Bau is called in the incantation texts, the mother of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Assigned in some traditions to Ea, in others as it would seem to Bel, the transfer of the traditions to Marduk is the deliberate work of the schools of theological thought. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria For their worshippers Bel and Ea stood on the same level; the cult of each alike had descended from a remote antiquity, and their priests exercised a similar influence and power. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z According to another account, Ea drew a plan of the great ship upon the sand. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Its height is one hundred and twenty cubits, and its breadth is the same, in accordance with the express orders given by Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria A ruler, Rim-Sin, of the dynasty of Larsa, associates Ea with Bel, declaring that these "great gods" entrusted Uruk into his hands with the injunction to rebuild the city that had fallen in ruins. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria But Ea's dominion—the 'deep' and the streams—are beneficent powers. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea joined himself to Bel and Anu, and the supreme triad of Anu, Bel, and Ea thus came into existence. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ninip, son of Bel, spoke, saying: 'Who hath done this save Ea alone? Myths of Babylonia and Assyria It is in existence at the beginning of things, but he places it under the control of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria When this stage of belief is reached, Ea is frequently associated with Bel, who, it will be recalled, is the 'god of the lower region,' but who becomes the god of earth par excellence. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Marduk, the sun rising up out of the ocean, becomes the offspring of Ea, and even the political supremacy of Marduk could not set aside the prerogatives of Ea in the popular mind. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The old associations were too strong to be overcome, and the worshippers of Ea had to allow a place at his side for the “spirits” of an earlier age. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea, god of the deep, opened his mouth and said unto the warrior Bel: 'Thou art the lord of the gods, O warrior. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The narrative assumes what we know from other sources, that the heavens constitute the domain of Anu, Esharra belongs to Bel, while Apsu belongs to Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria There too she is called the 'daughter of Ea,' the creator of everything. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The unit in the sexagesimal—the number sixty—is assigned to Anu, the chief of the triad, while the other two members, Bel and Ea, follow as fifty and forty respectively. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was even easier to deal with; his home was in the deep, and his rule was accordingly confined to the waters and the sea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Anu, the sky god, was moved to anger against Ea's son and summoned him to the Celestial Court. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Anu, Bel, and Ea symbolize the eternal laws of the universe. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Marduk becomes the mediator between Ea and mankind. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Opposed to Ea is Bel, the old Bel of Nippur, who is represented as favoring the destruction of humanity. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It had once been part of the domain of Ea, if not Ea himself. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z As she was a water deity, and perhaps identical with Belit-sheri, sister of "Tammuz of the Abyss" and daughter of Ea, one of the canals was dedicated to her. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Bel's domain is the earth, while Ea controls the watery elements. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The man smitten with disease, or otherwise in trouble, appeals to Marduk for help, who promptly brings the petition to his father Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Nor are we justified in attributing the deluge to the rush of waters from the Persian Gulf, for this sheet of water is particularly sacred to Ea as the beginning of the "great deep." The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The character of Ea was doubtless coloured by the position of his city. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z If Ashur is to be regarded as an abstract solar deity, who was developed from a descriptive place name, it follows that he had a history, like Anu or Ea, rooted in Naturalism or Animism. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria His connection with Ea, on the other hand, seems to be the result of the systematizing efforts of the schoolmen. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Moreover, in a Babylonian myth that will be set forth in its proper place, Ea expressly figures in the rôle of creating a mysterious being, Uddushu-na-mir, whose name signifies 'his light shines.' The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Of the consort of Ea, it is sufficient to note that she is occasionally referred to in the historical texts of the Assyrian period. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Water and earth had alike gone to their formation; Ea was master not only of the sea, but of the land of Eridu as well. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Ea, the Sumerian lord of water, earth, and heaven, was symbolized as a "goat fish". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria To each of the great gods, Anshar, Anu, Bel, and Ea, some part in the contest is assigned, but the greatest rôle belongs to Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Her name signifies 'lady of the earth,' and there is evidently a theoretical substratum to this association of Ea, the water-god, with an earth-goddess. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The three stars that constitute 'divisions' to aid in marking off the months are Nibir, Bel, and Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The culture-god of Babylonia was Ea, and the home of Ea was not in Babylonia, but in the deep. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Other deities who were similarly exalted as "high heads" at various centres and at various periods, included Anu, Bel Enlil, and Ea, Merodach, Nergal, and Shamash. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The real creator of mankind, according to certain traditions, is Ea, just as in all probabilities a third tradition existed which arose in Nippur giving to Bel that distinction. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria By the side of Marduk, the other children of Ea, the minor water-deities, disappear, so that to a later generation Dumuzi-zu-aba appears merely as a form of Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It is here used as the name of Ea's temple in Eridu, but it is of course possible that E-Sagila has been deliberately introduced to enhance the glory of Marduk's temple in Babylon. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was a god, and like the gods of the Semitic race he had a wife and son. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z As the son of Ea he acted as the messenger between Merodach and the god of the deep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Anu, Bel, and Ea, while standing at the head of the latter, are not the only gods introduced. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria In the incantation texts, Ninâ is frequently appealed to as the daughter of Ea,—the god of the deep. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The hostility between Bel and Ea, which we have seen plays a part in the Babylonian narrative, belongs to the larger mythological element in the episode, not to the specific Shurippak incident. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The worship of Ea was adopted in other cities of Babylonia, and the god of Babylon was identified with his son. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z When the days of these deities had increased and extended, they were followed by Anu, god of the sky, whose consort was Anatu; and Ea, most wise and all-powerful, who was without an equal. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria It is through Ea that the mischief produced by Bel is again made good. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Instead of being a member of the heavenly pantheon, her place is with the kingdom over which Ea presides, and whose dwelling-place is the watery deep. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Anu is appeased, but he is astonished at Ea's patronage of Adapa, as a result of which a mortal has actually appeared in a place set aside for the gods. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The spread of the worship of Ea, or rather of the religious conceptions with which it was associated, brought with it the effacement of Dam-kina. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Now Ea, god of the deep, was also Enki, "lord of earth", and his eternal spouse, Damkina, was Gashan-ki, "lady of earth". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Adapa follows the instructions of Ea, but the latter, it will be recalled, tells Adapa that food and water of death will be offered him. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The great god of the deep we have seen is Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria In the Adapa legend the gods, including Anu, are willing to grant a mortal the food and water of life, simply because they believe that Ea, the creator of man, wishes him to have it. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria When she became the wife of Ea her fate was sealed. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z When Anshar heard all that Ea revealed regarding the preparations made by Tiamat, he smote his loins and clenched his teeth, and was ill at ease. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Adapa replies, unconscious of the deception practised on him: 'Ea, my lord, commanded me not to eat and not to drink.' The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The consort of Ea who is Dam-kina also occurs in the historical texts of the first period. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It is possible that he learns what Ea has done, and that the god gives him the reason for the deception practised. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Oannes or Ea, the culture-god, had risen morning by morning out of the waters of the Persian Gulf, and instructed the savage races of the shore in the arts of life. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z It is possible that in the Babylonian dragon myth the original hero was Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The priority, again, of Lakhmu and Lakhamu, as well as of Anshar and Kishar, is expressed by making them 'ancestors' of Anu, Bel and Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Their names transferred to Ea, are frequently the only trace left of their original independent existence. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria While recognizing the 'deep' as the domain of Ea, the theologians saved Marduk's honor by having him take a part in fixing Ea's dwelling and in determining its limitations. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It was Ea who had taught men “to found the temple” in which the gods of aftertimes were to be adored. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Even Ea and his consort, Damkina, were served by groups of devils and giants, which preyed upon mankind in bleak and desolate places when night fell. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria But the climax is reached when, upon hearing what the Igigi have done, the great gods, father Bel and father Ea cheerfully bestow their own names upon Marduk. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea and Bel assume therefore conspicuous proportions in the developed Babylonian cosmogony and theology. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Accordingly a compromise was effected, as in the case of Marduk and Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria At the same time it was the conception only of Ea and his family which we need trace to a foreign source. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z The reference may be to the submarine "house of Ea", or the Blessed Island to which the Babylonian Noah was carried. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The warning comes appropriately from Ea as the god of humanity, who according to some traditions is also the creator of mankind, and who is the teacher and protector of mankind. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Whether Ea is to be regarded as the real name of the god, or is also an ideograph like En-ki, is again open to doubt. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The warning from Ea comes to him in a dream, as we learn from a subsequent part of the story. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Hor-Beḥudet changed his form into that of a winged solar disc, which remained there above the prow of the bark of Ea. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z Then had Ea knowledge of Tiamat's doings, how she had gathered her forces together, and how she had prepared to work evil against the high gods with purpose to avenge Apsu. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Parnapishtim declares his readiness to obey the orders of Ea, but like Moses upon receiving the command of Yahwe, he asks what he should say when people question him. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria A point in favor of regarding Ea as the real name, albeit not decisive, is the frequent use of the unmistakable ideographic description of the god as En-ki. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea's answer is not intended to be equivocal, for he further orders Parnapishtim to announce to his fellow-citizens the coming destruction. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The character of Ea of Eridu lent itself more readily to Semitic conceptions than did the character of En-lil. The Religions of Ancient Egypt and Babylonia 2011-04-14T02:00:46.297Z At length, however, the sea lady revealed to the pilgrim that he might obtain the aid of the sailor, Arad Ea, who served his ancestor Pir-napishtim. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was not such a serious rival to Marduk as the older Bel. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The later identification with Ea appears to be due to the idea of 'strength' involved in the name of Nin-agal. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Still, while cheerfully acknowledged by Ea as his equal, it is evident that in older traditions Ea was far superior to Marduk, and the latter replaces Ea as he does Bel. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Still, as a general thing, the 'deep,' presided over by Ea, kept within the limits assigned to it. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Gilgamesh soon found where Arad Ea dwelt, and after a time prevailed upon him to act as ferryman. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria From references in subsequent tablets, it seems certain that Anshar sends out Ea as a second messenger and that Ea also fails. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea obeys the order, delivers up Adapa, and everything happens as was foretold. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Anu, Bel, and Ea represented the three most prominent fixed stars, but by the side of these a large number of other stars were distinguished and many of them identified with some deity. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The second, Iyar, is sacred to Ea as the "lord of humanity." The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria This family group was probably formed by symbolizing the attributes of Ea and his spouse Damkina. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria When he heard of all the names that the Igigi bestowed Ea's liver rejoiced That they had bestowed exalted names upon his son. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria He secures it in disobedience to the divine will, whereas Ea willingly grants him the knowledge of all there is in heaven and earth. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The terrors inspired by the deluge are well portrayed in the continuation of Ea's speech. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Besides being the son of Anu, Gibil-Nusku is brought into association with the two other members of the triad, Bel and Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Bel called upon his messenger, whom he sent to Ea in the ocean depths, saying: "My son Sin ... hath been grievously bedimmed". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The combination was all the more appropriate since the fire-god, as the promoter of culture, shared with Ea the protection of humanity. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea means to say that he did not interfere with the divine decree. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Nu-dim-mud being an epithet might, of course, be applied to other gods, but there can be no doubt that it was used to designate more particularly Ea as the artificer. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria He is the messenger of Bel and the son of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The sun god immediately consulted his lunar father, Sin, and Ea, god of the deep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The 'Maklu' ritual deals so largely with the fire-god that a specimen from another series, to illustrate the position of Ea and Marduk in the incantations, seems called for. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The scene that ensues reminds us of the episode of the creation epic, where Anshar calls upon Anu, Bel, and Ea in turn to subdue Tiâmat. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Marduk sees him, And proceeds to the house of his father Ea and speaks: "My father, the evil curse as a demon has settled on the man." The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The superior triad, Anu, Bel, and Ea, head the list, at times accompanied by their consorts, at times standing alone. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Among the royal names, recognition was given to Ea and Dagan, Sin, Enlil, and Ishtar, indicating that Sumerian religion in its Semitized form was receiving general recognition. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea occupying the chief rank in the incantations, the subsidiary rôle of Gibil-Nusku is indicated by making him, just as Marduk, the son of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Nin-a-gal, god, 51; meaning of name, 64; function, 64; identification with Ea, 64. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It will be recalled that in the earliest period of Babylonian history, Ea does not figure prominently. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea takes his place in the Assyrian pantheon in the double capacity of god of wisdom and as a member of the old triad. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, the god of the deep, had long been overshadowed, but a few years before Dungi's death a temple was erected to him at Nippur, where he was worshipped as Dagan. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Not only does humanity turn to Ea: the gods, too, appeal to him in their distress. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The 'formation' of Apsu corresponds to the 'structure' made by Marduk according to the first version, as the seat of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Marduk listens to the petition addressed to him by the exorcising priest on behalf of the victim, and carries the word to Father Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Originally, Ea is the god to whom the direct appeal was made. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea then created a man lion, named Nadushu-namir, to rescue Ishtar, giving him power to pass through the seven gates of Hades. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria No doubt the preëminence of Ea in this respect, who is the personification of wisdom, par excellence, made it superfluous to have another deity possessing the same trait. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria All of the great gods, Anu, their father, Their counsellor, the warrior Bel, The herald Ninib, Their leader En-nugi, The lord of unsearchable wisdom, Ea, was with them, To proclaim their resolve to the reed-huts. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Besides Shamash and Sin, Ea as the god of humanity and Nebo as the god of wisdom belong to this class. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Of Ea, however, no hymns have as yet been found. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, as "the world spine", was symbolized as a column, with ram's head, standing on a throne, beside which crouched a "goat fish". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea's position, like that of Nusku, was too marked in the magical texts to encourage a conception of them entirely independent of their power to release victims from the grasp of the demons. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea's words are intended as a warning to the people of Shurippak. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Eclipses, e. of moon removed by Ea, 276; cause of e., The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, the god of humanity, hears of the havoc wrought. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The most satisfactory view", says Jastrow, "is to regard him as a counterpart of Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The real purport of the legend in its present form is foreshadowed by the further advice that Ea offers to Adapa: When thou comest before Anu they will offer thee food of death. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria The story in this way reflects a rivalry between the Ea and Bel cults. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria It is not the goddess of love and fertility nor the goddess of war who is rescued from her prison by Ea, but the planet Ishtar. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Why did Ea permit an impure mortal to see the interior of heaven and earth? The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Like Ea, he is the embodiment and source of wisdom.... Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Anu and the other gods are satisfied, but Ea does not desire it, and Ea's decision cannot be to the disadvantage of mankind, so dearly beloved by him. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria On Bel's territory I dare no longer show my face; Therefore, I go to the 'deep' to dwell with Ea my lord. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, as we have seen, symbolized the beneficence of the waters; their destructive force was represented by Tiamat or Tiawath, the dragon, and Apsu, her husband, the arch-enemy of the gods. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The mythological spell exercised by Eridu in later times suggests that the civilization of Sumeria owed much to the worshippers of Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Like Nebo, Ea is also associated with the irrigation of the fields and with their consequent fertility. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Its proximity to the sea--Ea was Nin-bubu, "god of the sailor"--may have brought it into contact with other peoples and other early civilizations. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria It would be an insult to Ea's dignity to suppose that he is unable to govern his own territory. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Whatever successes they achieved were credited to Ea, their instructor and patron; he was Nadimmud, "god of everything". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria As Babylonia was fertilized by its rivers, Ea, the fish god, was a fertilizing deity. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Damkina is similarly addressed in another prayer: O Damkina, mighty queen of all the gods, O wife of Ea, valiant art thou, O Ir-nina, mighty queen of all the gods ... Myths of Babylonia and Assyria As a horse he pursued Demeter, the earth and corn goddess, and, like Ea, he instructed mankind, but especially in the art of training horses. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He denounces Adapa in solemn assembly, and demands his presence of Ea, in whose domain Adapa has taken refuge. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Even the beneficent Ea is associated with monsters and furies. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Originally Ea may have been a sacred fish. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In Babylonia the fish goddess was Nina, a developed form of Damkina, spouse of Ea of Eridu. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea befriended in similar manner the Babylonian Noah, called Pir-napishtim, advising him to build a vessel so as to be prepared for the approaching Deluge. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The text at this point is defective, but one can gather that Ea, who constitutes himself Adapa's protector, warns the latter, as he warned Parnapishtim. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria O thou River who didst create all things, When the great gods dug thee out, They set prosperity upon thy banks, Within thee Ea, the King of the Deep, created his dwelling... Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Like the Egyptian artisan god Ptah, and the linking deity Khnumu, Ea was the "potter or moulder of gods and man". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria But although Ea became a beneficent deity, as a result of the growth of civilization, he had also a demoniac form, and had to be propitiated. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Like Ptah, Ea also developed from an artisan god into a sublime Creator in the highest sense, not merely as a producer of crops. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria God, while as anxious as Ea to keep man from eating of the tree of life, cautions Adam against the act, whereas Ea practises a deception in order to prevent man from eating. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, Merodach's father, overcame Apsu, the husband of the dragon Tiamat, by means of spells: he was "the great magician of the gods". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Indeed the Indian legend appears to throw light on the original Sumerian conception of Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria It is possible that the Philistine deity Dagon was a specialized form of ancient Ea, who was either imported from Babylonia or was a sea god of more than one branch of the Mediterranean race. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, who had already assumed manifold forms, may have originally been the son or child lover of Damkina, "Lady of the Deep", as was Tammuz of Ishtar. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The name of the mysterious being created by Ea signifies 'renewal of light.' The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria As the fish, Ea was the offspring of the mother river. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Then he made the abode of Ea in the deep, and the abode of Anu in high heaven. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The "ferryman" who kept watch over the river of death was called Arad-Ea, "servant of Ea". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Apparently Ea had conceived in his heart that mankind should be created. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The priest assumes the rôle of Ea, as it were, by the symbolical dress that he puts on. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria He also directs the decrees of Anu, Bel, and Ea; but having rescued the gods from destruction at the hands of Kingu and Tiamat, he was greater than his "fathers", the elder gods. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In the Babylonian Creation legend Ea is supplanted as dragon slayer by his son Merodach. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Indeed, their civilization was a growth of Ea worship. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria So may have been the fish form of the Sumerian god Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Lot and his household are saved through direct intervention, just as Parnapishtim and his family escape through the intervention of Ea. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Ea was depicted clad in the fish's skin. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Three "fields" were allotted to the ancient triad formed by Ea, Anu, and Bel. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea's "faithful spouse" was the goddess Damkina, who was also called Nin-ki, "lady of the earth". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Ea, the heroic king, sets forth to combat with the enemies of man, and slays the monster father, Apsu, and his son, Mummu. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The descent of the upper waters is in the nature of an attack upon Ea's kingdom. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria Arad Ea required a helm for his boat, and Gilgamesh hastened to fashion one from a tree. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The magician continued: Came the worm and wept before Shamash, Before Ea came her tears: "What wilt thou give me for my food, What wilt thou give me to devour?" Myths of Babylonia and Assyria "May Ea make thee glad", chanted the priests. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria This Nina, perhaps a form of Damkina, wife of Ea, was the great mother of the Sumerian city of Nina, and there, and also at Lagash, received offerings of fish. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Corresponding to the unique position occupied by the superior triad Anu, Bel, and Ea in the theological system, a special place was assigned to them in the astronomical system. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria He appears also to have been a developed form of Tammuz, who was an incarnation of Ea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria |
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