| 单词 | a posteriori |
| 例句 | In scholastic terms this was a debate over the reliability of a posteriori reasoning; in our terms it is a debate over the evidence of things, or over Evidence-Indices. The Invention of Science 2015-09-17T00:00:00Z This a posteriori saga gives us a refreshed Raphael, whose psychological acuity feels newly approachable. Best Art Books of 2020 2020-11-26T05:00:00Z Cosmological arguments consider that which is found in experience—that is, they are a posteriori and move from observed effects to cause. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Although this specific interaction was not quantified in this example, we view this a posteriori justification of a stereochemical outcome as a foundation for future rational design of such interactions in catalytic systems. Exploiting non-covalent π interactions for catalyst design : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-28T04:00:00Z Such a posteriori assessments may be titillating to our pattern-obsessed brains, but they can neither predict nor explain events. Computer glitches struck the stock market and United Airlines on the same day. Here’s why you didn’t believe it was a coincidence. 2015-07-10T04:00:00Z The “opportunity costs” of our economic rationality are a secondary formation, an expression of relationships already given. by another kind of thought, figured a posteriori within the constraints of a logic of meaningful order. They eat horses, don't they? 2013-09-06T18:15:07.913Z “The a posteriori analysis is a strength and a weakness,” concedes lead author Christian Cajochen, head of the University of Basel’s Centre for Chronobiology, in an e-mail to TIME. How the Moon Messes With Your Sleep 2013-07-25T18:05:25Z Explain the difference between a priori and a posteriori knowledge. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z This truth, an a priori postulate of philosophy, and demonstrated by physiology a posteriori, was illustrated by us in a preceding article. The Catholic World; Volume I, Issues 1-6 A Monthly Eclectic Magazine 2012-04-05T02:00:40.207Z Such a posteriori assessments may be titillating to our pattern-obsessed brains, but they can neither predict nor explain events. Computer glitches struck the stock market and United Airlines on the same day. Here’s why you didn’t believe it was a coincidence. 2015-07-10T04:00:00Z If our investigations should prove fruitless, as all such investigations have been said by some to be, the fact, established a posteriori, could not be disputed. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z "What the transcendentalist called a priori principles the evolutionist regards as a priori indeed to the individual, but a posteriori to the race; that is as race experiences which in the individual appear as intuitions." Herbert Spencer 2012-02-29T03:00:20.773Z All knowledge by acquaintance is a posteriori, but not all a posteriori knowledge is knowledge by acquaintance. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Thus in a certain sense we may also say that will is the knowledge a priori of the body, and the body is the knowledge a posteriori of the will. The World As Will And Idea (Vol. 1 of 3) 2011-12-29T03:00:18.017Z Kant’s analysis of knowledge had disclosed the a priori element as the necessary complement of the isolated a posteriori facts of experience. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 2 "French Literature" to "Frost, William" 2011-10-14T02:00:26.280Z Neither is constancy or uniformity a controlling entity: it is simply a generalization, if a universal one, whether we regard it as a priori or as a posteriori. A Review of the Systems of Ethics Founded on the Theory of Evolution 2012-03-17T02:01:00.033Z Synthetic and analytic, deductive and inductive, correspond in a general way to a priori and a posteriori. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 1 of 4: A-D) 2011-10-11T02:01:08.990Z The distinction between a priori knowledge and a posteriori knowledge reveals something important about the possible ways a person can gain knowledge. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The intellect knows the conclusions of the will only a posteriori and empirically; therefore when a choice is presented, it has no data as to how the will is to decide. The World As Will And Idea (Vol. 1 of 3) 2011-12-29T03:00:18.017Z To the truth, it is no great proof a posteriori of a man's extravagance, that he should be involved in legal proceedings in Cheltenham on account of freedom of speech. The History Of The Last Trial By Jury For Atheism In England A Fragment of Autobiography Submitted for the Perusal of Her Majesty's Attorney-General and the British Clergy 2011-07-22T02:00:15.747Z But the year has not yet come, in which I can prove the beauty of Gustavus by the a posteriori process. The Invisible Lodge 2011-06-09T02:00:19.470Z These are familiarly known as the arguments a priori and a posteriori. A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z If my belief that there’s a bird on the branch outside my window is knowledge, it would be a posteriori knowledge. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z But confirmation a posteriori is everywhere easily obtained. The World As Will And Idea (Vol. 1 of 3) 2011-12-29T03:00:18.017Z This conclusion would hold, even if the higher faculty of the Caucasian were antecedently extremely improbable; the a priori unlikelihood would become a posteriori, in view of the facts of history, a practical certainty. The Color Line A Brief in Behalf of the Unborn 2011-01-30T03:00:15.907Z Mathematical proofs are of the a priori kind; the conclusions of experimental science are a posteriori. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli The a posteriori argument has been popularized in England by Paley, who has ably endeavored to bide the weakness of his demonstration under an abundance of irrelevant illustration. A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z It is the directness of this knowledge that differentiates it from all other a posteriori knowledge. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z It is the Idea so far as it is known a priori, at least half, and it becomes practical for art, because it corresponds to and completes what is given a posteriori through nature. The World As Will And Idea (Vol. 1 of 3) 2011-12-29T03:00:18.017Z A priori is applied to judgments which are regarded as independent of experience, and belonging to the essence of thought; a posteriori to those which are derived from particular observations. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Anselm was not thoroughly satisfied with this reasoning; it started from a posteriori grounds, and contained several converging lines of proof. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" It is unnecessary to deal specially with each of the many writers who have used from different standpoints the a posteriori form of argument in order to prove the existence of Deity. A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z Because a posteriori knowledge depends on experience, it is empirical. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z His arguments were a posteriori, a priori and a fortiori—leading the mind from effect to cause, from cause to effect and deducing the stronger reason. Sages and Heroes of the American Revolution The historic outcome was a new crop of artificial puzzles about relations; it fastened upon philosophy for a long time the quarrel about the a priori and the a posteriori as its chief issue. Creative Intelligence Essays in the Pragmatic Attitude To Kant knowledge was only possible as the synthesis of the material or a posteriori with the formal or a priori. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" The argument a posteriori is a method of proof in which the premises are composed of some position of existing facts, and the conclusion asserts a position antecedent to those facts. A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z The difference between a posteriori and a priori knowledge is that the former requires experience and the latter does not. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z The existence of a posteriori synthetic judgements presents no difficulty. Kant's Theory of Knowledge In the orthodox position a posteriori and a priori were affairs of knowledge. Creative Intelligence Essays in the Pragmatic Attitude Then followed "The Fact Accomplished," "Man a priori and a posteriori," and finally, "Ideal Causation," which marked my last step in this progress. Reminiscences, 1819-1899 There are two modes in which Theists endeavor to prove the existence of God, and each of these modes is in its turn denounced by Theistic writers—1st, the a priori; 2d, the a posteriori. A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z Knowledge of our own height is clearly a posteriori because we cannot know this without measuring ourselves. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z He reasoned a priori—He reasoned a posteriori. Devil Stories An Anthology The presumption is in favour of their having done so; the a posteriori evidence scanty. The Ethnology of the British Islands Hence the unity of the person also was established a posteriori. Monophysitism Past and Present A Study in Christology Clarke himself found it necessary to stoop to the argument a posteriori, and thereby acknowledged the fallacy of attempting to reason exclusively a priori.... A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z What is the difference between a priori and a posteriori knowledge? Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z Thus he could reason a priori As well as a posteriori. A line-o'-verse or two If not ostensibly employed as a means of reaching new truths, it is at least privately appealed to for confirmation of truths reached a posteriori. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I The other, or a posteriori method, professes to proceed according to the canons of experimental inquiry. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive The a posteriori argument can never demonstrate infinity for Deity. A Few Words About the Devil And Other Biographical Sketches and Essays 2011-05-31T02:00:28.247Z He started from an a priori point of reasoning—the only one thought of in his day—but he came to certain conclusions which a posteriori examination in after times abundantly confirmed. Great Men and Famous Women. Vol. 3 A series of pen and pencil sketches of the lives of more than 200 of the most prominent personages in History Such truth arrived at antecedent to acquaintance with instances is called a priori, as distinguished from a posteriori knowledge, or observation after the fact. The Approach to Philosophy Thus, that which we concluded, a priori, to be the leading cause of organic differentiations, we find, a posteriori, to be the leading cause of social differentiations. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I For the experimental or a posteriori part of this process, the materials are continually accumulating by the observation of mankind. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive All our knowledge is either a priori or a posteriori. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 14 — Philosophy and Economics As to the evil eye, as the evil result of envy and of prosperity, it is an a posteriori inference from observed facts, exaggerated into a dogma. Folkways A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals Any argument for Natural Law in the Spiritual World may be best tested in the a posteriori form. Natural Law in the Spiritual World It remained to apply this theory to use, and to find proofs a posteriori. Theory of Circulation by Respiration Synopsis of its Principles and History It is hardly necessary again to repeat that, as in every other deductive science, verification a posteriori must proceed pari passu with deduction a priori. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive Only matter is presented to our minds a posteriori; as to form, this must inevitably exist in the mind a priori, and therefore it can be considered apart from all sensation. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 14 — Philosophy and Economics In such a state of mind you are in a condition to establish revealed truth in a certain sense a priori, and the method a posteriori is then outranked. Life of Father Hecker The other is through the effect, and is called a demonstration a posteriori; this is to argue from what is prior relatively only to us. Summa Theologica, Part I (Prima Pars) From the Complete American Edition The result is a proof, a posteriori; that the theory on which the experiment was made is true. Theory of Circulation by Respiration Synopsis of its Principles and History In these examples we see bad generalization a posteriori, or empiricism properly so called; causation inferred from casual conjunction, without either due elimination, or any presumption arising from known properties of the supposed agent. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive If we allow fancy to roam, taking the a posteriori course, we might begin with “Paradise Lost” and reach its sources in garden and field, in orchard, and in pasture where graze flocks and herds. The Vitalized School This is also termed argument from sign or the a posteriori method. Public Speaking Zoroaster admits that the hypothesis of Melissus is more consistent with order and a priori reasons, but he denies its conformity with experience and a posteriori reasons. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil All cases of life thus restored are proofs a posteriori of the truth of this theory of the arterial circulation. Theory of Circulation by Respiration Synopsis of its Principles and History The ground of confidence in any concrete deductive science is not the a priori reasoning itself, but the accordance between its results and those of observation a posteriori. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive But, on the other hand, he must be all the more assiduous in estimating fairly the character, both as to quantity and quality, of evidence a posteriori. Thoughts on Religion In other points their language suffers from being too exclusively inspired by Volapükist principles, so that their recognition of the necessity of an a posteriori vocabulary is the more convincing. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar We learn them either by experience, that is, a posteriori, or by reason and a priori, that is, by considerations of the fitness of things which have caused their choice. Theodicy Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil We see how firmly set Froebel was against experience-teaching, a posteriori work, or, as he calls it, empiricism. Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel translated and annotated by Emilie Michaelis ... and H. Keatley Moore. The support which this a posteriori verification affords to the law, is the part of the case which has been most clearly and triumphantly brought out by Mr. Buckle. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive Wolff's argument a posteriori for the existence of God, in accordance with his philosophic hobby, the "principle of sufficient reason," displeased him wholly. The Haskalah Movement in Russia As regards the structure of the artificial language itself, history shows clearly that it must be a posteriori, not a priori. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar Whether the notion of necessity which attaches to it has an a priori, or an a posteriori origin is a question not relevant to the present discussion. Collected Essays, Volume V Science and Christian Tradition: Essays These considerable results can evidently be invoked as a posteriori proofs of the exactitude of the experimental laws of osmosis. The New Physics and Its Evolution For the truth is that our doctrines are usually only the justification a posteriori of our conduct, or else they are our way of trying to explain that conduct to ourselves. Tragic Sense Of Life All reasoning and investigation which depend on the philosophy of language for an ultimate result, must be conducted a posteriori. English Grammar in Familiar Lectures The philosopher Charles Renouvier gave proof of remarkable prescience by condemning the a priori theory in an article in La Revue, 1855, in which he forecasts the a posteriori plan. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar Of course, his reasoning is all a posteriori, and from the narrowest premises,—namely, from an unpleasant effect on his own nerves, to an efficient cause in the badness of Mr. Newman’s translation. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 51, January, 1862 As to the reasons a posteriori they are not to be drawn wholly from the Kowrarega tongue itself. Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, Commanded By the Late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S. Etc. During the Years 1846-1850. Including Discoveries and Surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, Etc. to Which Is Added the Account of Mr. E.B. Kennedy's Expedition for the Exploration of the Cape York Peninsula. By John Macgillivray, F.R.G.S. Naturalist to the Expedition. — Volume 2 Once more I must repeat that our ethical and philosophical doctrines in general are usually merely the justification a posteriori of our conduct, of our actions. Tragic Sense Of Life In other words, it is a blind person a priori, it is a luminary a posteriori. Delsarte System of Oratory When an international language has attained the degree of dissemination already enjoyed by Esperanto, the only safe kind of change that can be made is a posteriori, not a priori. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar All analytic judgments are a priori, all empirical or a posteriori judgments are synthetic. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time Let us now see if their labors have been more successful in applying to the solution of the difficulty the reasoning a posteriori. The Fallen Star, or, the History of a False Religion by E.L. Bulwer; And, A Dissertation on the Origin of Evil by Lord Brougham The third and final part of the first volume of the "Principles of Biology" deals with the speculation commonly known as "the development hypothesis," and considers its a priori and a posteriori evidences. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 14 The New Era; A Supplementary Volume, by Recent Writers, as Set Forth in the Preface and Table of Contents We should, a posteriori, be inclined to imagine a simpler answer to the question than that which Mohammed found; he might have become a missionary of Judaism or of Christianity to the Meccans. Mohammedanism Lectures on Its Origin, Its Religious and Political Growth, and Its Present State The a posteriori principle is rejected and the a priori deliberately adopted. International Language Past, Present and Future: With Specimens of Esperanto and Grammar That which is thus proved a priori must, as already remarked, be confirmed a posteriori. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time But the master, like many other professed readers of character, was safer in a posteriori than a priori reasoning, for M'liss had a doll. The Luck of Roaring Camp and Other Tales With Condensed Novels, Spanish and American Legends, and Earlier Papers Now it happens that we have two cases of miracles which can be urged in this view: one a posteriori, derived from our historical experience, and the other a priori. Theological Essays and Other Papers — Volume 1 And a posteriori, it will be proved by the principle itself when it is discovered, as involving universal antecedence in its very conception. Biographia Literaria By this argument a posteriori, and by this argument alone, do we prove at once the existence of a Deity, and his similarity to human mind and intelligence. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Only pure intuitions and pure conceptions are possible a priori; the empirical only a posteriori. The Critique of Pure Reason For their sakes rather than his own he is ready to treat further, by way of a posteriori arguments, a belief which in himself is matter of invincible natural prepossession. Plato and Platonism Here, then, is an a posteriori reason, derived from the whole subsequent life and death of the miracle-worker, for diminishing the value of x according to the Lemma. Theological Essays and Other Papers — Volume 1 Induction, a posteriori, would have brought phrenology to admit, as an innate and primitive principle of human action, a paradoxical something, which we may call perverseness, for want of a more characteristic term. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe — Volume 2 The Hegelian philosophy claims, as we have seen, to be based upon experience: it abrogates the distinction of a priori and a posteriori truth. Sophist The latter is that in our cognition which is called cognition a posteriori, that is, empirical intuition. The Critique of Pure Reason Yet, strictly speaking—and the remark applies to ancient physics generally—this high a priori road was based upon a posteriori grounds. Timaeus In all science a priori and a posteriori truths mingle in various proportions. The Republic Looked at a posteriori, we find that where the one trait exists the other is most developed, while an absence of the second seems to prevent the full growth of the first. The Soul of the Far East Inasmuch as reliable observations, not put together a posteriori, are lacking, nothing exact can be said about them. Criminal Psychology; a manual for judges, practitioners, and students There is no other way than through intuitions or conceptions, as such; and these are given either a priori or a posteriori. The Critique of Pure Reason But the master, like many other professed readers of character, was safer in a posteriori than a priori reasoning. Selected Stories of Bret Harte They can, when the Truth is all too-horrible, stick their heads ostrich-like into what sheltering Fallacy is nearest: and wait there, a posteriori! The French Revolution Opposed to this is empirical knowledge, or that which is possible only a posteriori, that is, through experience. The Critique of Pure Reason The former—a priori cognition—is rational-mathematical cognition by means of the construction of the conception; the latter—a posteriori cognition—is purely empirical cognition, which does not possess the attributes of necessity and universality. The Critique of Pure Reason Knowledge of this kind is called a priori, in contradistinction to empirical knowledge, which has its sources a posteriori, that is, in experience. The Critique of Pure Reason But the matter of phenomena, by which things are given in space and time, can be presented only in perception, a posteriori. The Critique of Pure Reason |
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