单词 | allelic |
例句 | The different forms of the gene at these points are called alleles – and specific aspects of our individuality are influenced by particular allelic combinations. Symphony of life: making music out of the human genome 2010-06-24T21:29:00Z For the allelic series in rabbits, the wild-type allele may supply a given dosage of fur pigment, whereas the mutants supply a lesser dosage or none at all. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, to account for the overdispersion caused by the amplification process before library preparation, we assume allelic counts to be beta-binomially distributed. Somatic mutations reveal asymmetric cellular dynamics in the early human embryo : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z If allelic divergence is important for adaptation to a fluctuating environment, one might predict that recombination would be suppressed. Evolutionary genomics of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-15T05:00:00Z Twenty candidate SSR loci with the greatest in silico allelic diversity were selected for wet laboratory testing on seven individuals from the European Diversity Panel. Genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash trees : Nature : Nature Research 2016-12-25T05:00:00Z Most variants are skewed in low allelic read depth, suggested to be mainly due to sequencing artefact or mapping bias. De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z Parental types are progeny that exhibit the same allelic combination as their parents. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They offered testimony from experts who criticized the medical examiner’s methods, such as the way they calculated the odds of allelic drop-out. DNA Under the Scope, and a Forensic Tool Under a Cloud 2016-02-26T05:00:00Z Additionally, the assembly based on PacBio sequencing was used to validate the allelic divergence observed in the assembly based on Sanger sequencing. Evolutionary genomics of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-15T05:00:00Z Adjacent schemes depict allelic structures for REF and ALT. e, Inversion complexity summarized. An integrated map of structural variation in 2,504 human genomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-29T04:00:00Z Most variants are skewed in low allelic read depth, suggested to be mainly due to sequencing artefact or mapping bias. De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z Make and justify a claim regarding the effect of allelic variation on the stability of the guppy population. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This error, called allelic drop-out, doesn’t mean that low copy number DNA is useless. DNA Under the Scope, and a Forensic Tool Under a Cloud 2016-02-26T05:00:00Z Many questions remain regarding the optimal choice of test, owing to the unknown allelic architecture of rare variant contribution to traits, in particular outside protein-coding regions. The UK10K project identifies rare variants in health and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-13T04:00:00Z Adjacent schemes depict allelic structures for REF and ALT. e, Inversion complexity summarized. An integrated map of structural variation in 2,504 human genomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-29T04:00:00Z The allelic complement of a cell is known as its haplotype. Epigenomics: Roadmap for regulation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z This hierarchy, or allelic series, was revealed by observing the phenotypes of each possible heterozygote offspring. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Shown to the right is the level of mRNA-seq data for each allele of the FAM65B gene, the level of histone acetylation at the allelic enhancer bait region. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z This is perhaps unsurprising given expected locus and allelic heterogeneity, and modest sample size40. The UK10K project identifies rare variants in health and disease : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-13T04:00:00Z Our data sets, representing the only collection of haplotype-resolved transcriptomes across an array of tissues from multiple individuals, allowed us to characterize allelic transcription across tissues and donors. Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z In particular, for many diseases there is overwhelming evidence that both locus and allelic heterogeneity is high, such as in autism, epilepsy and schizophrenia. Guidelines for investigating causality of sequence variants in human disease 2014-04-23T17:21:03.147Z Figure 19.2 When populations are in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the allelic frequency is stable from generation to generation and the distribution of alleles can be determined from the Hardy–Weinberg equation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z After constructing two 1 by 10 vectors for both allelic gene and allelic enhancer, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient between them. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Specifically, certain mutations detected at low allelic fractions and commonly assumed to be late events in tumour progression instead may be early events that enable interclonal cooperation. Tumour cell heterogeneity maintained by cooperating subclones in Wnt-driven mammary cancers 2014-04-04T18:28:38.990Z Taken together, these data reveal that extensive allelic imbalance events are associated with sequence variants in cis-regulatory elements. Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z A study design that assumes low locus and allelic heterogeneity would be certain to fail for these conditions, and this fact would be revealed by even casual evaluations of power for reasonable genetic models. Guidelines for investigating causality of sequence variants in human disease 2014-04-23T17:21:03.147Z If the allelic frequency measured in the field differs from the predicted value, scientists can make inferences about what evolutionary forces are at play. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To systematically study allelic enhancers, we combined several enhancer marks to obtain a combined acetylation bam file. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z According to a model for how polygenic risk factors operate, the products of allelic variants appear in key protein networks and biochemical pathways in cells and perturb their function, causing disease. Perspective: Revealing molecular secrets 2014-04-02T17:21:26.216Z Our results therefore suggest that genetic variations are probably responsible for allelic enhancer activities and consequently allelically biased gene expression. Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z We conclude that independent and stochastic allelic transcription generates abundant random monoallelic expression in the mammalian cell. [Report] Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic, Random Monoallelic Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells 2014-01-09T18:56:54.368Z However, in contrast to sexual species, the allelic regions are rearranged and sometimes even found on the same chromosome. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z For evaluating allelic enhancers, we obtained readout for enhancers defined in ref. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Conservative allelic imbalance filters were used to eliminate false heterozygotes that may affect demographic analyses, some of which are sensitive to low levels of contamination. Great ape genetic diversity and population history 2013-07-24T17:21:11.837Z Furthermore, if allelic imbalances of enhancer activities indeed contribute to allelically biased gene expression, we expect that chromatin states at enhancers will be concordant with the expression of their targets. Integrative analysis of haplotype-resolved epigenomes across human tissues : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Expression from both alleles is generally observed in analyses of diploid cell populations, but studies addressing allelic expression patterns genome-wide in single cells are lacking. [Report] Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic, Random Monoallelic Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells 2014-01-09T18:56:54.368Z Figure 3: A genome structure incompatible with conventional meiosis. a, In twenty cases, allelic regions are found to occur on the same chromosome. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z Shown to the right is the level of mRNA-seq data for each allele of the FAM65B gene, the level of histone acetylation at the allelic enhancer bait region. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Moreover, the great diversity in the wild rice populations, which have much more natural allelic variation than domesticated rice, will further facilitate breeding to modify crops in the post-domestication era. A map of rice genome variation reveals the origin of cultivated rice 2012-10-24T17:21:24.910Z Figure 5: Allelic effects. a, An ‘allelic effects network’ depicting the increasing coordination between allele-specific binding and allele-specific expression as the number of factors regulating a target increases. Architecture of the human regulatory network derived from ENCODE data 2012-09-05T17:22:04.360Z We find that genetic variants affecting allelic chromatin states are concentrated in footprints, and that these elements are preferentially sheltered from DNA methylation. An expansive human regulatory lexicon encoded in transcription factor footprints 2012-09-05T17:21:56.447Z Colours are arbitrary and only allelic gene pairs are represented. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z Of note, this allele-biased enhancer forms no specific contacts with any allelic genes. h, Similar to d, but for an enhancer located near the MT2A gene. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Further analysis and functional studies will allow us to identify the exact sequence differences responsible for these allelic expression differences. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation 2011-09-14T17:21:52.063Z Interestingly, these results indicate that allelic regulation seems to be under less selective constraint. Architecture of the human regulatory network derived from ENCODE data 2012-09-05T17:22:04.360Z We identified likely functional variants conferring significant allelic imbalance in chromatin accessibility and analysed their distribution relative to DNase I footprints. An expansive human regulatory lexicon encoded in transcription factor footprints 2012-09-05T17:21:56.447Z Figure 4: Gene conversion and its evolutionary consequences in ameiotic organisms. a, Evidence for gene conversion between allelic regions. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z There are no specific interactions between the allelic enhancer and the MT2A gene. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z We define allelic bias as the proportion of expression attributable to a particular parental strain, ranging from 0 to 1, with the null hypothesis of 0.5 in the absence of any bias. Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation 2011-09-14T17:21:52.063Z However, one unique finding for humans is ‘allelic’ effects. Architecture of the human regulatory network derived from ENCODE data 2012-09-05T17:22:04.360Z We analysed the RNA-seq data to determine whether any of the somatic mutations in the 109 recurrently mutated genes showed evidence for allelic imbalance with expression favouring one allele. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2011-08-17T17:21:43.793Z Genes are represented with letters, and dashed lines connect allelic gene pairs. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z Using this combined bam file, we examined allelic SNPs described as above. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z An allelic ladder is shown on left and right of gel. [Report] Recombinant Origin of the Retrovirus XMRV 2011-07-05T19:26:24.207Z Surprisingly, however, elements with allelic activity are under weaker selection than non-allelic ones. Architecture of the human regulatory network derived from ENCODE data 2012-09-05T17:22:04.360Z Of note, this allele-biased enhancer forms no specific contacts with any allelic genes. h, Similar to d, but for an enhancer located near the MT2A gene. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Figure 4: Gene conversion and its evolutionary consequences in ameiotic organisms. a, Evidence for gene conversion between allelic regions. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z First we generate 1 by 10 vectors for each allelic gene and allelic enhancer using the data from H1 human ES cells and the four H1-derived lineages. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z There are no specific interactions between the allelic enhancer and the MT2A gene. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Finally, we attempted to relate selection and allelic effects. Architecture of the human regulatory network derived from ENCODE data 2012-09-05T17:22:04.360Z Colours are arbitrary and only allelic gene pairs are represented. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z At gene scale, the genome of A. vaga is tetraploid and comprises both anciently duplicated segments and less divergent allelic regions. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z We considered allelic interactions between 10-kb surrounding regions for both the transcription start site and enhancer, respectively. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Genes are represented with letters, and dashed lines connect allelic gene pairs. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z Figure 3: A genome structure incompatible with conventional meiosis. a, In twenty cases, allelic regions are found to occur on the same chromosome. Genomic evidence for ameiotic evolution in the bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga 2013-08-21T17:50:58.107Z |
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