| 单词 | diploid |
| 例句 | And diploid crops tend to have fewer genes associated with a single trait, which makes breeding them to emphasize that trait much simpler. Cranberries can bounce, float and pollinate themselves: The saucy science of a Thanksgiving classic 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z The cranberry is a diploid, which means that each cell contains one set of chromosomes from the maternal parent and one set from the paternal parent. Cranberries can bounce, float and pollinate themselves: The saucy science of a Thanksgiving classic 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z In the case of sexual fertilisation, the simple chromosome sets from the egg and sperm cells come together to create a double -- diploid -- chromosome set. Proteins roll the dice to determine bee sex 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Most plant and animal cells are diploid—their genomes consist of two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z "Sometimes the eggs are fertilized and you get a normal diploid offspring. We have no idea why during the egg stage when it doesn't fertilize as expected, how does this happen?" These invasive ants have bizarre genomes that defy biology 2023-07-24T04:00:00Z A variety of algal life cycles exists, but the most complex is alternation of generations, in which both haploid and diploid stages involve multicellularity. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A somatic cell contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a configuration known as diploid. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In 2016, they replicated the feat in rice, showing that the MiMe mutations would create diploid eggs genetically identical to the mother plant. ‘Game changer.’ Scientists are genetically engineering crops to clone themselves 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Evolutionary biologists have found that polyploid organisms are often at a competitive disadvantage compared with diploid counterparts, raising questions about why the trait persists. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Humans are diploid, meaning we have two sets of chromosomes; every individual gets one set from a paternal sperm donor and one set from a maternal egg donor. Strawberries Have 8 Sets of Chromosomes to Thank for Their Survival 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z Certain other organisms perform alternation of generations in which both the haploid and diploid forms look the same. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The letter n is used to represent a single set of chromosomes; therefore a diploid organism is designated 2n. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The diploid zygote can then complete the sexual segment of the life cycle through meiosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In most of these species’ past, two or more relatives interbred, and their genomes joined forces instead of reverting to a diploid. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z The diploid cells of most adult organisms contain two complete sets of inherited chromosomes and two complete sets of genes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The diploid nucleus gives rise to haploid nuclei by meiosis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism are called homologous chromosomes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, the starting nucleus is always diploid and the nuclei that result at the end of a meiotic cell division are haploid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Polyploid plants need more nutrients, for example, and seem to grow slower than their diploid counterparts. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Meiosis is a process in which the homologous chromosomes of a diploid cell are separated from each other. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The plant life cycle has haploid and diploid stages. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Meiosis and its associated cell divisions produces haploid cells with half of each pair of chromosomes normally found in diploid cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Therefore, each cell has half the number of sister chromatids to separate out as a diploid cell undergoing mitosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Much of that fine-tuning might not be needed for, say, a stable environment in which the diploid organism is already well adapted. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Since each pair of homologous chromosomes are separated, neither cell has the two complete sets of chromosomes found in a diploid cell. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The gametophyte produces gametes, two of which fuse to form a diploid zygote. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The diploid primary spermatocyte goes through meiosis I to produce two haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They have the same number of sets of chromosomes, one set in the case of haploid cells and two sets in the case of diploid cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The researchers then grow the diploid and polyploid versions side by side to track how they cope with stresses such as high salinity or large concentrations of heavy metals. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z In mitosis, each daughter cell receives a complete diploid set of chromosomes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Most plants exhibit alternation of generations, which is described as haplodiplodontic: the haploid multicellular form, known as a gametophyte, is followed in the development sequence by a multicellular diploid organism: the sporophyte. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The resulting offspring can be either haploid or diploid, depending on the process in the species. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In most plants and all animal species, it is typically diploid cells that undergo mitosis to form new diploid cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The polyploid plants tended to grow more slowly and reached smaller population sizes than their diploid counterparts. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z They both start with a diploid cell, but end up with very different products. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In seedless vascular plants, the diploid sporophyte is the dominant phase of the lifecycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z One sperm and the egg combine, forming a diploid zygote—the future embryo. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This is half the number of chromosome sets in the original cell, which is diploid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The extra DNA of polyploid cells, Losick suggests, may also make them resistant to injury-induced DNA damage from inflammation that would cause a normal diploid cell to die, bogging down recovery. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z A diploid cell that enters mitosis with eight chromosomes will produce two diploid daughter cells, each with eight chromosomes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The diploid sporophyte is the most conspicuous stage of the lifecycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The other sperm fuses with the diploid nucleus in the center of the embryo sac, forming a triploid cell that will develop into the endosperm: a tissue that serves as a food reserve. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In alternation of generations, both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in plants. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Because each of these reproductive cells is a haploid cell containing half of the genetic material needed to form a human being, their combination forms a diploid cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A diploid cell that enters meiosis with eight chromosomes will pass through two meiotic divisions to produce four haploid daughter cells, each with four chromosomes. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Fusion of the male and females gametes forms the diploid zygote, which develops into the sporophyte. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In multicellular organisms, the new diploid cell will then undergo mitotic cell divisions to develop into an adult organism. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In a diploid dominant cycle, the unicellular diploid stage is present, as in humans. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The answer lies, of course, in the DNA in the sperm and oocyte that combined to produce that first diploid cell, the human zygote. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis produces four genetically different haploid cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z After reaching maturity, the diploid sporophyte produces spores by meiosis, which in turn divide by mitosis to produce the haploid gametophyte. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The gametes are produced from diploid germ cells, a special cell line that only produces gametes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In a diploid dominant cycle, a multicellular haploid stage is present, as in humans. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The human is a diploid organism, having 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes in each of the somatic cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Polyploid plants are often larger and stronger than diploid plants. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z In ferns, the gametophyte is free-living and very distinct in structure from the diploid sporophyte. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They have the same number of sets of chromosomes: one in the case of haploid cells, and two in the case of diploid cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In a haploid dominant life cycle, a multicellular diploid stage is present, as in fungi. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Fertilization is complete upon unification of the haploid nuclei of the two gametes, producing a diploid zygote. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The pollen tube grows into the style, eventually reaching the ovary and entering an ovule, resulting in double fertilization, where a diploid zygote and endosperm are produced. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Once fertilization is complete, the resulting diploid zygote develops into the embryo, and the fertilized ovule forms the other tissues of the seed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In what ways is meiosis II similar to and different from mitosis of a diploid cell? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In alternation of generations, both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in plants. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z How does the diploid secondary oocyte become an ovum—the haploid female gamete? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Polyploidy can quickly produce new species of plants that are larger and stronger than their diploid relatives. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z They produce gametes and diploid zoospores that swim with the help of a single flagellum. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These species have both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms as part of their life cycle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In alternation of generations, both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in fungi. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Thus, the ovum can be thought of as a brief, transitional, haploid stage between the diploid oocyte and diploid zygote. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A karyotype shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Therefore, to produce a new individual, both a diploid genetic complement and an egg cytoplasm are required. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Spores are haploid reproductive cells that can produce diploid cells without fertilization. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This step completes the process of fertilization and results in a single-celled diploid zygote with all the genetic instructions it needs to develop into a human. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A cell with two sets of homologous chromosomes is diploid, meaning “double.” Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Upon fertilization, the diploid egg will give rise to the embryo, which is enclosed in a seed coat of tissue from the parent plant. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Then a diploid nucleus from a body cell of a second individual, the donor, is put into the egg cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In other words, peas are diploid organisms in that they have two copies of each chromosome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, pumpkin is considered a diploid today, which means it only has two copies of each chromosome. The secret to growing giant pumpkins 2019-10-31T04:00:00Z The diploid number of chromosomes can be represented by the symbol 2N. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Other protists have multicellular stages in both haploid and diploid forms, a strategy called alternation of generations that is also used by plants. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, the phenotypes that Mendel observed in his crosses between pea plants with differing traits are connected to the diploid genotypes of the plants in the P, F1, and F2 generations. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For instance, fertilization of an abnormal diploid egg with a normal haploid sperm would yield a triploid zygote. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z "Having diploid potatoes will drastically increase our understanding of the potato genome," Shannon says. This spud’s for you: A breeding revolution could unleash the potential of potato 2019-02-07T05:00:00Z Meiosis involves two distinct cell divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II. Through meiosis, a single diploid cell produces four haploid cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The gametophytes of seed plants shrank, while the sporophytes became prominent structures and the diploid stage became the longest phase of the lifecycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The resulting cell, or zygote, is then diploid and contains two sets of chromosomes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the technique of transferring a diploid nucleus into an enucleated egg. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is unexpected, especially given that diploid hybrids that are sterile because of high sequence divergence or differently arranged genomes between their two sets of chromosomes can progress efficiently through meiosis, despite producing inviable spores7. Yeast chromosome numbers minimized using genome editing 2018-07-31T04:00:00Z Many protists have sexual life cycles in which they switch between a diploid and a haploid phase, a process known as alternation of generations. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The seed, unlike a spore, is a diploid embryo surrounded by storage tissue and protective layers. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Most plants exhibit alternation of generations, which is described as haplodiplontic: the haploid multicellular form known as a gametophyte is followed in the development sequence by a multicellular diploid organism, the sporophyte. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Each individual in a population of diploid organisms can only carry two alleles for a particular gene, but more than two may be present in the individuals that make up the population. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Scaffolds were assigned to the A or B sub-genome if >65% of the bases were covered by reads from one diploid and <25% of the bases were covered by reads from the other diploid. The genome of Chenopodium quinoa : Nature : Nature Research 2017-02-07T05:00:00Z This shift between the haploid phase and the diploid phase is known as the alternation of generations. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z A new diploid sporophyte is formed when a male gamete from a pollen grain enters the ovule sac and fertilizes this egg. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Gametes fuse with another haploid gamete to produce a diploid cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The resulting offspring can be either haploid or diploid, depending on the process and the species. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z So immediately after allotetraploidization, the new species is already genetically diploid. Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-18T04:00:00Z During fertilization, a sperm and egg fuse with each other, producing a diploid zygote. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Either the ovule or part of the ovary, which is diploid in nature, gives rise to a new seed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In mitosis, both the parent and the daughter nuclei contain the same number of chromosome sets—diploid for most plants and animals. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z If an egg is fertilized, it develops as a diploid female. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The L and S chromosome sets therefore represent the descendants of two distinct diploid progenitors, confirming the allotetraploid hypothesis despite the absence of extant progenitor species. Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-18T04:00:00Z Many green algae have life cycles that switch back and forth between haploid and diploid phases. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The developing diploid zygospores have thick coats that protect them from desiccation and other hazards. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Each box then represents the diploid genotype of a zygote, or fertilized egg. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Meiosis produces haploid cells with half of each pair of chromosomes normally found in diploid cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Flowchart of the data generation, processing and analysing for the de novo assembly and haplotype phasing of the AK1 diploid genome. De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z Sperm are produced in antheridia and need standing water to swim to the eggs to form a diploid zygote. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Some protists are unicellular in the haploid form and multicellular in the diploid form, a strategy employed by animals. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus or genome. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Immediately under the capsule of the tubule are diploid, undifferentiated cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Advances in genome assembly and phasing provide an opportunity to investigate the diploid architecture of the human genome and reveal the full range of structural variation across population groups. De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z The large plants easily recognized as ferns are actually the diploid sporophyte phase of the fern life cycle. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z If this occurs, the spores germinate to form ameboid or flagellate haploid cells that can combine with each other and produce a diploid zygotic slime mold to complete the life cycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z We therefore used comparable expression data across 13 common tissues from diploid Northern pike23 as a proxy for the ancestral state of Ss4R duplicates. The Atlantic salmon genome provides insights into rediploidization : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-04-17T04:00:00Z To ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Flowchart of the data generation, processing and analysing for the de novo assembly and haplotype phasing of the AK1 diploid genome. De novo assembly and phasing of a Korean human genome : Nature : Nature Research 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z The diploid zygote produced by fertilization develops into a new sporophyte plant, and the cycle begins again. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The diploid sporophyte of angiosperms and gymnosperms is the conspicuous and long-lived stage of the life cycle. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Red colour indicates a gene being ‘on’ in one tissue compared to its Ss4R duplicate and the assumed ancestral state of the diploid pike outgroup. The Atlantic salmon genome provides insights into rediploidization : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-04-17T04:00:00Z The nuclear membranes of the egg and sperm break down and the two haploid genomes condense to form a diploid genome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Human cells are considered diploid because they inherit two sets of chromosomes, 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. Scientists grow human stem cells with genes of only one 'parent' 2016-03-16T04:00:00Z Fertilization produces a diploid zygote, which grows into an embryo that is encased to form a seed. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z After fertilization of the egg, the diploid zygote is formed, which divides by mitosis to form the embryo. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Red colour indicates a gene being ‘on’ in one tissue compared to its Ss4R duplicate and the assumed ancestral state of the diploid pike outgroup. The Atlantic salmon genome provides insights into rediploidization : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2016-04-17T04:00:00Z Fertilization merges two diploid cells into a haploid cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Furthermore, while many SVs in our callset are statistically phased, the diploid nature of the genome is non-optimally captured by current analysis approaches, which mostly rely on mapping to a haploid reference. An integrated map of structural variation in 2,504 human genomes : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-09-29T04:00:00Z Normal diploid human cells contain two copies of each chromosome. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z First, in the process of megasporogenesis, a single cell in the diploid megasporangium—an area of tissue in the ovules—undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, only one of which survives. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Searching for a super gene Unlike humans, who are diploid, meaning we have two sets of each of our chromosomes except for our sex chromosomes, bananas are triploid. 'Super Bananas' Enter U.S. Market Trials 2014-07-01T04:00:00Z A diploid oogonium forms a haploid oocyte by the process of mitosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Expression from both alleles is generally observed in analyses of diploid cell populations, but studies addressing allelic expression patterns genome-wide in single cells are lacking. [Report] Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic, Random Monoallelic Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells 2014-01-09T18:56:54.368Z This gene is absent in the A-genome diploid donor and in polyploid wheat but is effective when transferred from T. monococcum to polyploid wheat. [Report] Identification of Wheat Gene Sr35 That Confers Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust Race Group 2013-08-15T17:57:33.970Z Two of the nuclei—the polar nuclei—move to the equator and fuse, forming a single, diploid central cell. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In the wild, bananas are diploid like humans, but when fertile, they produce fruit chock-full of hard seeds with very little flesh. 'Super Bananas' Enter U.S. Market Trials 2014-07-01T04:00:00Z A haploid oogonium forms a diploid oocyte by the process of meiosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To investigate its gene repertoire and physiological capacity, we sequenced the diploid genome of CCMP1516 using the Sanger shotgun approach. Pan genome of the phytoplankton Emiliania underpins its global distribution 2013-07-10T17:21:48.277Z Entitled 'The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains', it showed that normal fetal cells stop replicating after about 50 population doublings. Medical research: Cell division 2013-06-26T17:20:24.203Z This process produces a diploid fertilized egg called a zygote. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In order to be able to learn lessons for health, you need a species which is diploid, meaning that the offspring gets one set of chromosomes from each parent, as with humans. A Point Of View: Fly, Fish, Mouse and Worm 2013-06-14T16:55:00Z A diploid oogonium forms a haploid oocyte by the process of meiosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In my post earlier this week about a mutant diploid moss, I mentioned that it was capable of making functional eggs and sperm with two copies of the genome instead of the usual one. For Plants, Polyploidy Is Not a Four-Letter Word 2013-05-19T23:45:00.497Z But — and this can’t be underlined enough — this thing that looked like a gametophyte but sprouted from a mutant sporophyte was diploid. Mosses Make Two Different Plants From the Same Genome, and a Single Gene Can Make the Difference 2013-05-12T19:45:00.233Z This number of SNPs between just two homozygous zebrafish individuals is far in excess of that seen between any two humans and is nearly one-fifth of all SNPs measured among 1,092 human diploid genomes. The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome 2013-04-24T17:21:53.517Z Our genome assembly provides a diploid reference for analysis of polyploid wheat genomes and is a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of wheat. Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu 2013-04-04T15:21:00.373Z Why are the diploid zygotes produced after fertilization of sperm cells produced by spermatogenesis not similar? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The box colours indicate the number of genes in diploid gene families of different sizes. Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing 2012-11-28T18:21:17.300Z In animals, the resulting diploid cell — a zygote — goes on to divide asexually many times, forming the multicellular organism. Mosses Make Two Different Plants From the Same Genome, and a Single Gene Can Make the Difference 2013-05-12T19:45:00.233Z This number of SNPs between just two homozygous zebrafish individuals is far in excess of that seen between any two humans and is nearly one-fifth of all SNPs measured among 1,092 human diploid genomes. The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome 2013-04-24T17:21:53.517Z The sequence of diploid progenitor genomes will allow the complete and unambiguous assignment of their homeologous relationships. Draft genome of the wheat A-genome progenitor Triticum urartu 2013-04-04T15:21:00.373Z The letter n is used to represent a single set of chromosomes; therefore, a diploid organism is designated 2n. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The box colours indicate the number of genes in diploid gene families of different sizes. Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing 2012-11-28T18:21:17.300Z In spite of its looks, this plant is *diploid*. Mosses Make Two Different Plants From the Same Genome, and a Single Gene Can Make the Difference 2013-05-12T19:45:00.233Z That is, inside the ascus, a diploid fungal nucleus undergoes meiosis — or sexual, reductive cell division — to produce ascospores. How Ballistic Cup Fungi Fire Their Spores (and Look Cool Doing It) 2012-09-05T20:45:15.367Z Cluster centres for the three diploid genotypes were modelled jointly by a six-dimensional Gaussian distribution, with mean treated as a hyperparameter and set empirically based on a training set of 156 normal samples. Recurrent R-spondin fusions in colon cancer 2012-08-29T17:52:03.740Z Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes and are diploid, whereas gametes have half as many chromosomes as found in somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It involved hybridizations between diverse species and subspecies, fostered by human migrations, and selection of diploid and triploid seedless, parthenocarpic hybrids thereafter widely dispersed by vegetative propagation. The banana (Musa acuminata) genome and the evolution of monocotyledonous plants 2012-08-08T17:21:46.387Z The sporophyte — the diploid organism — is birthed in a special flask-shaped female structure after an inept moss sperm blunders inside. Mosses Make Two Different Plants From the Same Genome, and a Single Gene Can Make the Difference 2013-05-12T19:45:00.233Z Individual human genomes are diploid in nature, with half of the homologous chromosomes being derived from each parent. Accurate whole-genome sequencing and haplotyping from 10 to 20 human cells 2012-07-11T17:21:04.120Z Technically the tissue-cells are said to contain the diploid number of chromosomes, the gametes the reduced or haploid number. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z In most plants and animals, through multiple rounds of mitotic cell division, this diploid cell will develop into an adult organism. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Our eggs and sperm are likewise haploid, while our bodies are diploid. Ferns, Secret Ninja Ferns, and their Alluring Asexual Bits 2012-05-07T11:15:00.827Z And even more amazingly, it produced functional eggs and sperm, in spite of the fact they too were diploid. Mosses Make Two Different Plants From the Same Genome, and a Single Gene Can Make the Difference 2013-05-12T19:45:00.233Z Rice, for example, is a diploid plant today, but its genetic sequence still bears the fingerprints of polyploidy—traces of other genomes. A Rose is a Rose, Until it Isn't: Five Reasons Plant DNA is Totally Crazy 2012-05-03T23:15:00.703Z The resulting individual is normal in every respect except that instead of the usual diploid number it has only the single or haploid number of chromosomes. Being Well-Born An Introduction to Eugenics 2012-05-22T15:16:53.140Z Alleles segregate into gametes such that each gamete is equally likely to receive either one of the two alleles present in a diploid individual. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some may, but identifying them will require further experimental tests performed in a fully diploid genotype. [Technical Comment] Comment on ?A Test of the Snowball Theory for the Rate of Evolution of Hybrid Incompatibilities? 2011-09-15T18:25:17.657Z We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato 2011-07-13T17:21:42.673Z The scientists also sequenced substantial sections of the heterozygous diploid variety RH, although due to its heterozygosity were not able to assemble it into a complete genome. Scientists Finally Sequence Tricky Potato Genome 2011-07-10T21:15:00.257Z The DNA of most animals, including humans, is diploid, consisting of two sets of chromosomes. Observatory: The Curious Case of the Washington Elms That Are Unlike Any Other 2011-04-04T18:32:44Z All mammals are diploid, meaning they have two copies of each chromosome. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the past, diploid Daphnia have been bred in the lab to cut down on extraneous genetic material that, in the wild, is necessary for their mainly mateless reproductive strategy. Copious Genes of Tiny Water Flea Promise a Leap in Understanding Environmental Toxins 2011-02-04T00:15:06.337Z Catch was mostly 12-14" diploid fish with a few legal plants at 9-11". Statewide lowland lakes trout fishing Saturday opener greeted with cold, wet and windy weather 2010-04-26T01:17:00Z So far as we know, all of the species have a constant number within the genus except the hickories where we have tetraploid species and diploid species. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 43rd Annual Meeting Rockport, Indiana, August 25, 26 and 27, 1952 Haploids don't reproduce, and the only way the diploid number of chromosomes can be kept is to replace those lost by maturation division of the ovum. The Lani People A typical body cell, or somatic cell, contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a configuration known as diploid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Every sexual differentiation in organisms, which occurred in the course of phylogenetic development, was followed by fertilisation and therefore by the creation of a diploid or double-chromosome product. Darwin and Modern Science Species with alternation of generations have both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms as part of their life cycle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The triploid apple needs to be pollinated by the diploid variety. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 43rd Annual Meeting Rockport, Indiana, August 25, 26 and 27, 1952 Fertilization between the gametes forms a diploid zygote. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Cells containing two sets of chromosomes are called diploid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Similarly all the higher animals appear to us as independent organisms with diploid nuclei only. Darwin and Modern Science In some plants, such as ferns, both the haploid and diploid plant stages are free-living. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The diploid plant is called a sporophyte because it produces haploid spores by meiosis. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Fertilization, the fusion of haploid gametes from two individuals, restores the diploid condition. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z If the reproductive cycle is to continue, a diploid cell must reduce the number of its chromosome sets before fertilization can occur again. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The recently discovered fact that in diploid nuclei the chromosomes are arranged in pairs affords additional evidence in favour of the unequal value of the chromosomes. Darwin and Modern Science In a diploid dominant cycle, the multicellular diploid stage is present, as in humans. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In alternation of generations both haploid dominant and diploid dominant stages alternate, as in plants. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In a diploid dominant cycle, a multicellular diploid stage is present, as in algae. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Most animals and plants are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In animals, as in plants, the diploid generation attained the higher development and gradually assumed the dominant position. Darwin and Modern Science For cases in which a single gene controls a single characteristic, such as pea color, a diploid organism has genetic copies that may or may not encode the same version of the characteristic. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Different alleles for a given gene in a diploid organism interact to express physical characteristics such as pea color in plants or hairline appearance in humans. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Somatic cells have 23 chromosomes and are diploid, whereas gametes have half as many chromosomes are are present in somatic cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Spores are haploid cells that can produce a haploid organism or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The haploid generation suffered a proportional reduction, until it finally ceased to have an independent existence and became restricted to the role of producing the sexual products within the body of the diploid generation. Darwin and Modern Science Somatic cells have 46 chromosomes and are haploid, whereas gametes have 23 chromosomes and are diploid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Mitosis is a process of asexual reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half producing two haploid cells whereas in meiosis two diploid cells are produced by cell division. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In mitosis, both the parent and the daughter nuclei are at the same ploidy level—diploid for most plants and animals. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The embryo-sac remains enclosed in the diploid ovule, and within this from the fertilised egg is formed the embryo which introduces the new diploid generation. Darwin and Modern Science Meiosis and fertilization alternate as the organisms pass through the haploid and diploid stages of their life cycles. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Identifying the haploid and diploid stages within the life cycles of different organisms is vital in understanding how organisms reproduce and in determining when mitosis and meiosis occur. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The zygote will undergo many rounds of mitosis and give rise to a diploid multicellular plant called a sporophyte. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In most animals, the diploid stage dominates, whereas in fungi, the haploid stage dominates. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z On the full development of the diploid embryo of the next generation, the diploid ovule of the preceding diploid generation is separated from the latter as a ripe seed. Darwin and Modern Science Figure 11.10 Plants have a life cycle that alternates between a multicellular haploid organism and a multicellular diploid organism. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When diploid organisms carry the same alleles for a given trait, they are said to be homozygous for the genotype; when they carry different alleles, they are said to be heterozygous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For cases in which a single gene controls a single characteristic, a diploid organism has two genetic copies that may or may not encode the same version of that characteristic. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Fertilization, the joining of two haploid gametes, restores the diploid condition. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The uninitiated sees in the more highly organised plants only a succession of diploid generations. Darwin and Modern Science They appear with this arrangement in all subsequent nuclear divisions in the diploid generation. Darwin and Modern Science |
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