| 单词 | cytosine |
| 例句 | Most important, two symmetrical hydrogen bonds could also hold together pairs of guanine, cytosine, or thymine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z This was no reason, however, not to tell Maurice that conceivably adenine was attracted to thymine and guanine to cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding requirement meant that adenine would always pair with thymine, while guanine could pair only with cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Always pairing adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine meant that the base sequences of the two intertwined chains were complementary to each other. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z In fact, when I was away in the Alps he had spent a week trying to prove experimentally that in water solutions there were attractive forces between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z “Suddenly I became aware that an adenine thymine pair was identical in shape to a guanine cytosine pair...no fudging was required to make the two types of base pairs identical in shape.” The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Also pleasing was the great accuracy of the data, which illustrated better than any previous analytical work the equality of adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z For the past two years this DNA was said to have the strange property of lacking cytosine, a feature obviously impossible for our model. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The formation of a third hydrogen bond between guanine and cytosine was considered, but rejected because a crystallographic study of guanine hinted that it would be very weak. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z A similar argument could be put forward for attractive forces between guanine and cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Three strong hydrogen bonds can be drawn between guanine and cytosine. make the two types of base pairs identical in shape. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z I got like a cytosine and a guanine switched. Jon Stewart Has a New Talk Show, but He Plans to do More Listening 2021-09-29T04:00:00Z According to Scientific American, in a test tube, Benner and his team added modified cytosine and guanine into DNA molecules. Creating “alien” DNA on Earth: Lab creates life with genetic code outside our own 2014-05-08T16:10:00Z For example, exposure to water can cause a chemical reaction called deamination that changes the nucleotide cytosine such that it appears to be the nucleotide thymine upon analysis. How Archaeological Methods Are Helping Identify Victims of the Hawaii Wildfires 2023-08-25T04:00:00Z One loose end, Sasselov acknowledges, is that RAO has only been shown to lead to the synthesis of two of RNA’s four nucleotides, cytosine and uracil. ‘Breakthrough’ could explain why life molecules are left- or right-handed 2023-06-13T04:00:00Z Huntington’s is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by excess repetitions of three building blocks of DNA — cytosine, adenine, and guanine — on a gene called huntingtin. Sought Out by Science, and Then Forgotten 2023-05-23T04:00:00Z Adenine and thymine are connected by two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine and guanine are connected by three hydrogen bonds. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Rather than inducing random changes in the virus’ RNA genome, the drug is more likely to cause specific nucleic acid substitutions, with guanine switching to adenine and cytosine to uracil. Could a popular COVID-19 antiviral supercharge the pandemic? 2023-02-01T05:00:00Z Their theoretical model incorporated the quantum effects that allow a proton, bound to the base cytosine on one strand, to spontaneously “tunnel” and hook up to the guanine base on the other. Quantum Tunneling Makes DNA More Unstable 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z These bases form complementary base pairs consisting of one purine and one pyrimidine, with adenine pairing with thymine, and cytosine with guanine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Based on Khorana’s findings, calculate the relative distributions of the following ratios of concentrations of RNA triplet sequences from mixtures in which the relative concentrations of guanine and cytosine, G:C, are 5:1. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA nucleotides contain the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The nucleotides that make up DNA have four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z But if the proton does not make it back by the time the two DNA strands separate—the first step of DNA replication—the cytosine might bind to a different base, adenine, rather than guanine. Quantum Tunneling Makes DNA More Unstable 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z RNA contains ribose, one phosphate group, and one nitrogen-containing base, but the “choices” of base for RNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Base pairing takes place between a purine and pyrimidine; namely, A pairs with T and G pairs with C. Adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs, and cytosine and guanine are also complementary base pairs. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Recall that adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides, and cytosine with guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The two nucleobases, called cytosine and thymine, newly identified in the meteorites may have eluded detection in previous examinations because they possess a more delicate structure than the other three, the researchers said. Could key ingredients for life have arrived from space? Scientists say yes 2022-04-26T04:00:00Z There are different potential ways to store this information in DNA - for example, a zero in binary code could be represented by the bases adenine or cytosine and the one represented by guanine or thymine. Scientists claim big advance in using DNA to store data 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z The “choices” of base for DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Transversion substitution refers to a purine being replaced by a pyrimidine, or vice versa; for example, cytosine, a pyrimidine, is replaced by adenine, a purine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is the basis for Chargaff’s rule; because of their complementarity, there is as much adenine as thymine in a DNA molecule and as much guanine as cytosine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But instead of encoding that data as zeros and ones as computers do, the basic building blocks for DNA are the nucleotides adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine — A, T, C, and G for short. Star Trek creator’s signature will live long and prosper in new NFT 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z In DNA methylation, a molecule called a methyl group attaches to a base, usually cytosine. Chemical on-off switches for genes may help explain why large mammals live longer 2021-10-18T04:00:00Z Adenine always binds with thymine, and cytosine always binds with guanine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine and thymine is equal to guanine and cytosine and is found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine always bonds with thymine, and cytosine always bonds with guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z To do so, researchers typically convert a data file’s string of digital 1s and 0s into combinations of the molecule’s four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Scientists ‘program’ living bacteria to store data 2021-01-11T05:00:00Z “Chances are, these cytosine sites are part of pathways or cell types that are important,” Horvath says. Chemical on-off switches for genes may help explain why large mammals live longer 2021-10-18T04:00:00Z Guanine became adenine, for instance; cytosine became thymine. Column One: Comet tails and a Trojan horse: One laboratory's hunt for a COVID-19 vaccine 2020-11-13T05:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and they are not found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The mutation involves expansion of a section of DNA in which six bases — four guanine bases followed by two cytosine — are repeated many times. Neurodegenerative gene’s function is not all about those bases 2020-08-18T04:00:00Z Three of them are altered versions of cytosine, one of the original four bases. Controversial DNA modification could play key role in placenta development 2020-07-23T04:00:00Z In such mutations, a single DNA base—adenine, cytosine, thymine, or guanine—is replaced by one that disrupts a needed protein or otherwise impairs the power plant. New method to edit cell’s ‘powerhouse’ DNA could help study variety of genetic diseases 2020-07-08T04:00:00Z Each letter represents a chemical — adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine — known as a nucleotide. Column One: Comet tails and a Trojan horse: One laboratory's hunt for a COVID-19 vaccine 2020-11-13T05:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Previous DNA storage approaches treated the four key DNA components known as bases—adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine—like electronic bits, the 1s and 0s that encode digital data. “Punch Card” DNA Could Mean Cheaper High-Capacity Data Storage 2020-04-08T04:00:00Z The fundamental building blocks of DNA are the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. DNA tool could correct 89% of genetic defects 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z In experiments with human cells, the conversion of cytosine to thymine occurred up to 50% of the time, the collaboration reports today in Nature. New method to edit cell’s ‘powerhouse’ DNA could help study variety of genetic diseases 2020-07-08T04:00:00Z Organic chemists have created in the lab the nucleobases, adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine — known as A, U, C and G — that could have served as the building blocks of RNA on an early Earth. Daily briefing: At 15, graphene is ready for prime time 2019-10-06T04:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with cytosine and thymine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In methylated DNA, one nucleotide, cytosine, degrades over thousands of years into a different end product than usual. Ancient DNA puts a face on the mysterious Denisovans, extinct cousins of Neanderthals 2019-09-19T04:00:00Z Part of this gene contains repeated segments for three of the letters of the DNA code—cytosine, adenine and guanine, which are known as CAG repeats. Antisense Drugs for Huntington’s, ALS and Prion Diseases Could Meet the Dire Need for Brain Treatments 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z Her team reported last year in Cell that many mRNA cytosine bases are acetylated. Hidden layer of gene control influences everything from cancer to memory 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z Comparing the progeny of these two cells, researchers found the off-target effects created by the cytosine base editor were more than 20 times more common than the background mutation rate. CRISPR offshoot still makes mistakes editing DNA, raising concerns about its medical use 2019-02-28T05:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some of the studies have focused not on small RNAs but on an altogether different chemical signature, called cytosine methylation, that could very well be added after conception, not before, Dr. Rando said. Can We Really Inherit Trauma? 2018-12-10T05:00:00Z Those building blocks—cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine—have previously been re-created in the lab from other starting materials. Chemists find a recipe that may have jump-started life on Earth 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z Among Europeans, the excess cytosine to thymine mutations existed in early farmers but not in hunter-gatherers, she reported. Why microbes are better than people at keeping DNA mutations at bay 2018-04-11T04:00:00Z Base editing alters the fundamental building blocks of DNA: the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. 'Chemical surgery' performed on embryos 2017-09-28T04:00:00Z Adenine pairs up with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Methyl groups bind to the DNA base cytosine. Method that Maps DNA Tags Reveals New Types of Neurons 2017-09-18T04:00:00Z The vast chains of DNA in each cell are made of just four molecules — adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine — arranged in enormously varied configurations. Who needs hard drives? Scientists store film clip in DNA 2017-07-12T04:00:00Z Using ancient DNA found in permafrost as a comparison, he estimates that just 5% of the cytosine bases would undergo deamination in these conditions. Ancient DNA dispute raises questions about wheat trade in prehistoric Britain 2015-11-02T05:00:00Z This chemical penetrates cells, where it reacts with two of the four RNA nucleotides — adenine and cytosine — but only when they are in an unpaired state. A cellular puzzle: The weird and wonderful architecture of RNA 2015-07-21T04:00:00Z Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z All of the proteins in the body are coded in recipes in DNA’s four-letter code – adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine – on double-helix-shaped molecules in the chromosomes that are deep within every human cell. In The Book Of Life, A Second Map Is Deciphered 2015-02-24T05:00:00Z Of note, in instances where a SNP contains a cytosine, it would be impossible to distinguish whether a difference between two alleles is due to the polymorphism or due to the change in methylation. Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-02-17T05:00:00Z Referring to 38,765.05 daltons as corresponding uniquely to a DNA strand containing the subunits 43 adenine, 28 guanine, 19 cytosine and 35 thymine was a simplification for illustrative purposes. Readers Respond to "The World Without Free Will" 2014-09-21T04:00:00Z In human DNA, methyl groups most often attach at 'CpG sites' — places where a cytosine precedes a guanine in the DNA. Biomarkers and ageing: The clock-watcher 2014-04-09T17:20:26.613Z Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It simplified each to a flat plank, making cytosine, for instance, indistinguishable from adenine. Column: Animated science 2013-10-09T17:20:46.633Z Moreover, the gene content is reduced on the long arm and the guanine–cytosine content is slightly increased. The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome 2013-04-24T17:21:53.517Z To get a global look at the diversity of methylation across each chromosome, we binned cytosine positions into 10 kb windows. Patterns of population epigenomic diversity 2013-03-13T18:21:41.540Z Among the atoms in DNA are four—cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine—that are used to store the information in our genes and in the researchers’ books. What if Big Data is Too Big? A Radical Solution May Be in DNA 2012-11-28T15:52:46Z Adenine and cytosine form two hydrogen bonds and guanine and thymine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z As the team reports online today in the , it found a significantly higher amount of cytosine methylation in the newborn than in the centenarian: 80.5% of all cytosine nucleotides, compared with 73%. Aging Is Recorded in Our Genes 2012-06-11T20:10:00Z Epigenetics: A Turning Point in our Understanding of Heredity A DNA molecule that is methylated on both strands on the center cytosine. Epigenetics: A Turning Point in our Understanding of Heredity 2012-01-16T16:45:00.190Z The corresponding derivatives of guanine, cytosine, and uracil were also found, and they are active in the temporary transfer of phosphoric acid groups in biological processes. History of Phosphorus They then translated the code into the DNA: Zeros were encoded in guanine and thymine, ones in adenine and cytosine. What if Big Data is Too Big? A Radical Solution May Be in DNA 2012-11-28T15:52:46Z Damage to DNA induced by ultraviolet radiation occurs with the formation of bonds between an adjacent pair of pyrimidine nucleotides, thymine and cytosine, on the same strand of DNA. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z One of the most common of these epigenetic changes involves a methyl group -- one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms—binding to a nucleotide, usually cytosine. Aging Is Recorded in Our Genes 2012-06-11T20:10:00Z Adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds and guanine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He found that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine, or A = T and G = C. This is also known as Chargaff’s rules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine pairs with cytosine and guanine pairs with thymine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Adenine and cytosine form three hydrogen bonds and guanine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In cancer cells, the DNA in the promoter region of silenced genes is methylated on cytosine DNA residues in CpG islands. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and are not found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds; adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and is found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z |
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