| 单词 | cytoplasmic |
| 例句 | All the while, little cytoplasmic factories work 24/7, cranking out sugars, fats, proteins, and energy to keep the whole thing running and feed the nucleus—the brains of the operation. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z And there are others, not yet clearly delineated, whose existence in the cell is indicated by the presence of cytoplasmic genes. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z This type of motion, called cytoplasmic streaming, is used by several diverse groups of protists as a means of locomotion or as a method to distribute nutrients and oxygen. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm or are attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, early embryonic development requires the cytoplasmic material contained in the egg cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The resulting pocket breaks away from the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, forming a vesicle or vacuole in the cytoplasm. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The mast cell, found in connective tissue proper, has many cytoplasmic granules. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Take a look at this video to see cytoplasmic streaming in a green alga. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z During the mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated and the cell divides. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Phloem STEs have reduced cytoplasmic contents, and are connected by a sieve plate with pores that allow for pressure- driven bulk flow, or translocation, of phloem sap. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The complex adds a phosphate group to a cytoplasmic kinase called BIK1. Calcium channel in plants helps shut the door on intruders 2020-09-06T04:00:00Z The junctions are characterized by the presence of the contractile protein actin located on the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Still others form cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia anywhere on the cell, anchor the pseudopodia to a substrate, and pull themselves forward in an “oozing” movement: these are typically amoeba. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The second portion of the mitotic phase, called cytokinesis, is the physical separation of the cytoplasmic components into two daughter cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The mouse genome includes one gene and two pseudogenes for cytoplasmic thymidine kinase. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Lim et al. found that apical retention of these polymers depends on their slow diffusion, which is limited by their large molecular weight and the cytoplasmic actin meshwork in which they are embedded. Developing cells remember where they came from, thanks to keratin filaments 2020-08-25T04:00:00Z All living cells in multicellular organisms contain an internal cytoplasmic compartment, and a nucleus within the cytoplasm. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Individual Volvox cells move in a coordinated fashion and are interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cytoplasmic contents are also divided evenly to the new cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z During the mitotic phase, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated, and the cell divides. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To distinguish cytoplasmic viral DNA from bacterial DNA, a bacterium lacking a nucleus would presumably require a sensor with a nuanced capacity to identify foreign DNA. Bacterial twist to an antiviral defence 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z They either express Fas ligand, which binds to the fas molecule on the target cell, or act by using perforins and granzymes contained in their cytoplasmic granules. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Phloem STEs have reduced cytoplasmic contents, and are connected by a sieve plate with pores that allow for pressure-driven bulk flow, or translocation, of phloem sap. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The authors did not obtain structural data for the cytoplasmic tails of the proteins in the TCR. The structure of a T-cell mechanosensor 2019-09-08T04:00:00Z The genomic DNA must be replicated and then allocated into the daughter cells; the cytoplasmic contents must also be divided to give both new cells the machinery to sustain life. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They bind to receptor proteins of different families to activate various downstream cell-signalling cascades that regulate the levels of cytoplasmic factors — molecules that control gene expression and, thus, cell function2,3. What makes flatworms go to pieces 2019-08-13T04:00:00Z Therefore, the cytoplasm and all of the cytoplasmic organelles in the developing embryo are of maternal origin. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These sites transmit cholesterol, oily waxes and other fatty molecules that would otherwise form beads in the watery cytoplasmic sea, plugging up the cell like bacon grease in a drainpipe. How secret conversations inside cells are transforming biology 2019-03-10T05:00:00Z De Cecco et al. showed that the cytoplasmic DNA in senescent cells is produced, at least in part, by reactivated LINE-1 elements. Inhibition of ‘jumping genes’ promotes healthy ageing 2019-02-05T05:00:00Z In addition, the cytoplasmic contents are divided evenly and distributed to the new cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In a study published last year, for example, we wanted to train a model using data sets for a rare disease called anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Technologies to watch in 2019 2019-01-22T05:00:00Z A granulocyte contains cytoplasmic granules, which in turn contain a variety of vasoactive mediators such as histamine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In fact, textbook depictions of the cell’s innards have changed little since 1896, when cytologist Edmund Beecher Wilson drew the cell with organelles neatly tucked into their own distinct cytoplasmic compartments. How secret conversations inside cells are transforming biology 2019-03-10T05:00:00Z It is already possible to encapsulate cytoplasmic components from living cells in membrane compartments6,7. Which biological systems should be engineered? 2018-11-05T05:00:00Z This enables actin to engage in cellular events requiring motion, such as cell division in eukaryotic cells and cytoplasmic streaming, which is the circular movement of the cell cytoplasm in plant cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “I truly believe that these cytoplasmic protrusions are key in the health and disease states of humans.” Cells Talk and Help One Another via Tiny Tube Networks 2018-05-07T04:00:00Z The molecular era of discovery in ALS began with the identification of dominant mutations in the gene SOD1, which encodes an abundant, ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic enzyme called Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase2. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z When daughter viruses assemble themselves in the cytoplasmic soup of genes and proteins, the overall virus that results is often a mash-up of these mutated copies. How Mutant Viral Swarms Spread Disease 2015-09-14T04:00:00Z Yet one of the physicians who led the cytoplasmic transfer effort nearly 20 years ago contends it’s impossible to draw such a clean conclusion. Controversial fertility treatments focus on eggs’ power plants 2015-03-30T04:00:00Z The presence of a cytoplasmic membrane in every organism does not point to a common ancestry. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Seventeen babies were born at Cohen's clinic, as a result of cytoplasmic transfer, who could have had DNA from three people. The girl with three biological parents 2014-08-31T04:00:00Z Indeed, reduction in retrograde transport through mutations in dynactin52, which is an activator of the retrograde motor cytoplasmic dynein53, provokes motor neuron disease in humans. Decoding ALS: from genes to mechanism : Nature : Nature Research 2016-11-08T05:00:00Z We favour this last possibility because it agrees with the known importance of cytoplasmic polyadenylation for activating genes in maturing oocytes and early embryos of Xenopus and in certain other vertebrate contexts. Poly(A)-tail profiling reveals an embryonic switch in translational control 2014-04-04T22:51:04.645Z The experimental technique making this possible — a cytoplasmic transfer, in Alana’s case — was halted by the Food and Drug Administration in 2001. Well: Three Biological Parents and a Baby 2013-12-16T20:51:54Z This process uses a coating protein, called caveolin, on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, which performs a similar function to clathrin. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Due to a lack of funding, Cohen says, it hasn't been possible to find out about how any of the children like Alana who were born from cytoplasmic transfer are doing. The girl with three biological parents 2014-08-31T04:00:00Z Together, our data reveal a new pathway for detecting cytoplasmic LPS. [Report] Cytoplasmic LPS Activates Caspase-11: Implications in TLR4-Independent Endotoxic Shock 2013-09-12T17:57:19.350Z Finally, the red marks the microtubules, both cytoplasmic and those integrated in the spindle apparatus. Theileria gets naked and rides the spindle 2013-07-27T11:45:00.660Z Imagine the force the cytoplasmic ring must exert to pinch the ciliate apart! Gluttonous ciliate postscript: even large predators fall prey to amoebae 2013-04-14T11:45:00.360Z Other membrane receptors interact with a G-protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, which causes a series of reactions inside the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This ultimately leads to larger structural rearrangements in the cytoplasmic side of the transmembrane–intracellular interface, facilitating the binding of intracellular effectors to the intracellular region. Molecular signatures of G-protein-coupled receptors 2013-02-13T18:21:29.900Z We can now consider what is perhaps the most interesting question of all: What is the mechanism by which cytoplasmic components bring about changes in gene activity? Transplanted Nuclei and Cell Differentiation, by Sir John B. Gurdon 2012-10-09T23:45:00.177Z Around the edges of the nuclear envelope might allow one portion of the MLA10 to maintain sneakily cytoplasmic while the rest is inside the nucleus. How Barley Protects Against Invasion 2012-07-16T14:15:12.883Z The pseudopods continue to extend, and form a cytoplasmic ring that constricts and begins to pinch the ciliate into two halves. Gluttonous ciliate postscript: even large predators fall prey to amoebae 2013-04-14T11:45:00.360Z Gram-negative bacteria have an inner cytoplasmic membrane separated by a peptidoglycan layer from a second outer membrane. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ensembles of cells, or feedback loops between tissues, or cytoplasmic factors like peroxiredoxin may still be working in the organism, it’s just that this cannot be detected with the techniques used in the study. Clocks, metabolism, evolution - toward an integrative chronobiology 2012-05-30T12:45:00.197Z It is easier to analyze than other changes, and it seems likely to exemplify certain general principles of cytoplasmic regulation in early embryonic development. Transplanted Nuclei and Cell Differentiation, by Sir John B. Gurdon 2012-10-09T23:45:00.177Z Not only that but cytoplasmic MLA10 alone was enough to cause cell death. How Barley Protects Against Invasion 2012-07-16T14:15:12.883Z The question, therefore, of the cytoplasmic or nuclear origin of the achromatic figure, at one time regarded as of considerable importance, is wholly immaterial. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The slightly granular material among the cells is a cytoplasmic fragment of a cell in the bone marrow. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Flagellum 1, sometimes with a tail-like posterior prominence passing into a temporary flagellum, but without other cytoplasmic processes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z The origin of the cytoplasmic condition that induces DNA synthesis has been investigated by injecting adult brain nuclei, together with a radioactive labeling substance, into growing and maturing oocytes. Transplanted Nuclei and Cell Differentiation, by Sir John B. Gurdon 2012-10-09T23:45:00.177Z Furthermore, the phase at which the DNA-centered clock starts its cycle is determined by the phase of the cytoplasmic clock, not the other way round, i.e., the cytoplasmic clock is dominant over the nuclear clock. Circadian clock without DNA--History and the power of metaphor 2011-02-11T16:15:02.303Z This indifferent nuclear or cytoplasmic position for the centrosome is paralleled by the attraction sphere or homologue of the centrosome in many Protozoa. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Rapid restoration of cytoplasmic pH does not occur in the presence of ATPase inhibitors. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When the Venter team inserted the synthetic version of the Mycoplasma mycoides genome into the cellular housing of the Mycoplasma capricolum bacterium, the newcomer took full advantage of the resident cytoplasmic wares. Basics: In Creating ?Synthetic Cell,? Scientists Are Indebted to the Real Thing 2010-05-31T20:30:00Z This means that the cytoplasmic factor in ducing DNA synthesis in eggs includes DNA polymerase or something that ac tivates this enzyme. Transplanted Nuclei and Cell Differentiation, by Sir John B. Gurdon 2012-10-09T23:45:00.177Z When in sync, the genetic feedback loops and cytoplasmic clocks work synergistically. Circadian clock without DNA--History and the power of metaphor 2011-02-11T16:15:02.303Z Furthermore, cytoplasmic sterility is likely to occur in a wide cross. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 43rd Annual Meeting Rockport, Indiana, August 25, 26 and 27, 1952 Ribosomes are either found in the cytoplasm or attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The segmentation-cells into which these cytoplasmic substances are thus segregated show a marked specificity of development, 333giving rise, even when isolated, to definite organs of the embryo. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The same type of experiment is now proving useful in attempts to determine the identity of the cytoplasmic components and their mode of action. Transplanted Nuclei and Cell Differentiation, by Sir John B. Gurdon 2012-10-09T23:45:00.177Z As clock genes come and go, they can always latch onto the ever-present cytoplasmic clock. Circadian clock without DNA--History and the power of metaphor 2011-02-11T16:15:02.303Z After the chromosomes have cleared the midpoint of the elongated cell, cytoplasmic separation begins. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Ribosomes are either found in the cytoplasm or attached to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He further showed that in the unsegmented but mature egg prelocalised cytoplasmic regions can be distinguished, which later become separated from one another through the segmentation of the egg. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The vesicle moves from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasmic area, remaining there. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z G-protein-linked receptors interact with a G-protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, promoting the exchange of bound GDP for GTP and interacting with other enzymes or ion channels to transmit a signal. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Corroborative evidence of the existence of cytoplasmic organ-forming stuffs has been supplied for several other species, e.g., Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology For signaling purposes, Ca2+ is stored in cytoplasmic vesicles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, or accessed from outside the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z |
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