| 单词 | cycad |
| 例句 | Techniques were developed in eastern Australia for rendering abundant and starchy, but extremely poisonous, cycad seeds edible, by leaching out or fermenting the poison. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z One such nod is an ecstatic musical tribute to cycads. An Oliver Sacks Book Becomes an Opera, With Help From Friends 2022-05-25T04:00:00Z “These are all cycads,” the composer Tobias Picker said, gesturing at a low canopy of fanned-out, pinnate leaves near the entrance of the conservatory at the New York Botanical Garden. An Oliver Sacks Book Becomes an Opera, With Help From Friends 2022-05-25T04:00:00Z These include ferns, tree ferns, cycads and mosses. Perspective | Meet the Wollemi pine, the ‘dinosaur tree’ brought back from the dead and threatened once again 2020-01-21T05:00:00Z “It’s appropriate,” Picker said, “that Oliver Sacks would have an aria about a cycad — the only aria ever written about a cycad.” An Oliver Sacks Book Becomes an Opera, With Help From Friends 2022-05-25T04:00:00Z Mr. Mabey meditates on ancient plants — notably cycads, those odd quasi-conifer leftovers from the coal forests that “survived the ecological catastrophe that put paid to the dinosaurs.” Review: In ‘The Cabaret of Plants,’ Richard Mabey Demonstrates Their Richness 2016-01-03T05:00:00Z Just like modern legumes and other plants that use nitrogen fixation, these cycads trade their sugars with bacteria in their roots in exchange for nitrogen plucked from the atmosphere. Plants that survived dinosaur extinction pulled nitrogen from air 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Photo shows a cycad with leaves resembling those of a fern, with thin leaves branching from a thick stem. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Customs officials stop suspected smugglers, who claim that the plants in their possession are palm trees and not cycads. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The cycad genome contains similar networks, showing they were active in the earliest seed plants, notes Shouzhou Zhang, the botanist at the Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzan, who led its sequencing. Genes for seeds arose early in plant evolution, ferns reveal 2022-09-22T04:00:00Z The Global Biodiversity Outlook report confirms that known species are on an accelerated path to extinction, with cycad and coral species among the groups most at risk. China’s researchers have valuable experiences that the world needs to hear about 2020-09-21T04:00:00Z Most of the old cycads revealed that they weren't nitrogen-fixers, but these also turned out to be the extinct lineages. Plants that survived dinosaur extinction pulled nitrogen from air 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Los Angeles County Arboretum & Botanic Garden The tropical rain forest is a shady paradise filled with tall cypress trees, cycads, a grove of bamboo and tropical trees from around the world. The 15 best places in L.A. to find shade on hot summer days 2020-06-24T04:00:00Z Only a hundred or so cycad species persisted to modern times. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z However, the genomes of the ferns and cycad contain a surprising number of genes from bacteria and fungi. Genes for seeds arose early in plant evolution, ferns reveal 2022-09-22T04:00:00Z Its stomach contents were comprised mostly of leaves of a particular type of fern, with very few leaves of conifers and cycads - a type of evergreen. Fossilized stomach contents show armored dinosaur's leafy last meal 2020-06-03T04:00:00Z However, unlike the dinosaurs, somehow a few groups of cycads survived to the present. Plants that survived dinosaur extinction pulled nitrogen from air 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Equisetum is rich in protein, they say, and far more nutritious than the ferns, cycads, and conifers common in the dinosaur era. Sauropods grew big by munching ‘superfoods’ with sturdy beaks 2019-10-17T04:00:00Z All cycads are native to warmer parts of the world, but are naturally absent from Europe and Antarctica. Global heating: ancient plants set to reproduce in UK after 60m years 2019-08-22T04:00:00Z The index of extinction risk for five major groups — birds, mammals, amphibians, corals and an ancient family of plants called cycads — shows an accelerating slide towards oblivion. Earth enters extinction event in half-a-billion years 2018-10-31T04:00:00Z Researchers knew from studying modern cycads that they were pollinated by beetles. Trapped in 99-Million-Year-Old Amber, a Beetle With Pilfered Pollen 2018-08-16T04:00:00Z A new study appearing Nov. 16 in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution has concluded that the cycad species that survived relied on symbiotic bacteria in their roots, which provide them with nitrogen to grow. Plants that survived dinosaur extinction pulled nitrogen from air 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Indeed, one of the first national monuments created was the Petrified Forest in Arizona; where Triassic tree ferns, ginkgoes and cycads scatter the landscape. Why are Palaeontologists suing Trump? | Elsa Panciroli 2017-12-13T05:00:00Z South Africa’s cycads, most of which are found nowhere else in the world, are especially threatened, despite laws regulating the trade in them. The loneliest plant on earth 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z I brought in a cycad plant and a fern. My life with Oliver Sacks: ‘He was the most unusual person I had ever known’ 2017-03-26T04:00:00Z By observing the long grooves on the oval-shaped grains, Dr. Li identified the pollen as belonging to an ancient cycad. Trapped in 99-Million-Year-Old Amber, a Beetle With Pilfered Pollen 2018-08-16T04:00:00Z But in the older and extinct cycad fossils, that nitrogen signature was absent. Plants that survived dinosaur extinction pulled nitrogen from air 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z The rest are conifers, cycads, ferns and so on, whose heydays were back in times like the Carboniferous or the Jurassic, before flowering plants began taking over everything during the Cretaceous. Botany at bay 2016-05-12T04:00:00Z But of South Africa’s 38 cycad species, 25 are threatened with extinction. The loneliest plant on earth 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z Fruit bats, known as flying foxes, a local delicacy, which feast on the cycad seeds, also harboured the toxin. Desert island toxic algae may hint to a treatment for dementia - BBC News 2016-01-20T05:00:00Z The authors of the new paper also found that the ancient beetle’s closest living relative is one in Australia that also pollinates cycads. Trapped in 99-Million-Year-Old Amber, a Beetle With Pilfered Pollen 2018-08-16T04:00:00Z What is less clear is how nitrogen fixation helped the surviving cycads. Plants that survived dinosaur extinction pulled nitrogen from air 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Like cycads — their gymnosperm relatives — and ferns, the ginkgo produces motile sperm. The Female Ginkgo Tree’s Acrid Smell of Success 2015-10-29T04:00:00Z Thieves broke into the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden in Cape Town twice within a month in 2014; two dozen rare cycads were ripped from the ground. The loneliest plant on earth 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z Standing among the workaday cycads and orchids, the 5-foot-high Indonesian plant is a freakish, if alluring, anomaly. Corpse flower mania is in full bloom in Denver 2015-08-21T04:00:00Z Then while visiting dozens of other cycads, it may happen upon a female cycad and deliver that pollen. Trapped in 99-Million-Year-Old Amber, a Beetle With Pilfered Pollen 2018-08-16T04:00:00Z There are gardens devoted to cycads, ferns, cactuses, lotuses, topiary and many exotic plants. AP PHOTOS: Lotusland gardens mix whimsy, conservation 2015-03-17T04:00:00Z Cyanobacteria that grow on the roots and seeds of cycad trees produce the toxin. Are Algae Blooms Linked to Lou Gehrig's Disease? 2014-12-11T05:00:00Z Mr Xaba says it is probably too late to save some cycad species. The loneliest plant on earth 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z The University of Kent is working on other methods to help detect plant crimes and improve conviction rates - such as an alarm system for use on cycads. The high-stakes world of rare-plant theft 2014-10-27T04:00:00Z In August, 24 of the park's cycads were stolen, probably to be sold on the black market as landscaping ornaments. Forensic chemistry could stop African plant thieves 2014-09-25T04:00:00Z Sixty-six million years ago, forests were made up largely of slow-growing, evergreen plants, such as oak, holly and cycads. The Meteor That Wiped Out the Dinosaurs Changed Earth’s Plant Life, Too Worldwide, 52 percent of cycads, 32 percent of amphibians, 25 percent of conifers, 23 percent of mammals and 12 percent of bird species are threatened with extinction, according to the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. As People Live Longer, Threats to Wildlife Increase 2013-10-31T17:45:02.143Z Rare cycads are now sprayed with microdot paint that leaves invisible, individualised markers of a plant’s provenance. The loneliest plant on earth 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z But if this is the case, how are cycads and their similarly bereft compatriots surviving without their long-lost partners? Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z South Africa’s endemic cycads — which look like a cross between a palm and a pineapple tree — rank among the most endangered plants in the world. Forensic chemistry could stop African plant thieves 2014-09-25T04:00:00Z Gymnosperms are a group of land plants comprising the extant taxa, cycads, Ginkgo, gnetophytes and conifers. The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution 2013-05-29T17:21:22.577Z To this day, cycad nuts are familiar food in Kerala, in southern India. Prehistoric migration: An Antipodean Raj 2013-01-17T16:04:38Z Part of the difficulty in stopping the illegal trade is telling which cycad is which. The loneliest plant on earth 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z But even if mega-disperers with such capabilites — be they dinosaurs, mammals, marsupials, or birds — are absent or rare today, that doesn’t preclude the success of the other part of cycad reproductive strategy: strength in numbers. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Of the country’s 38 cycad species, three are already extinct in the wild, and 12 others are critically endangered. Forensic chemistry could stop African plant thieves 2014-09-25T04:00:00Z Inside were many native animals and birds, including possums, tree kangaroos and cuscus, plus ancient cycad species and highland flowers and grasses. First photo of rare, wild New Guinea singing dog in 23 years 2012-12-11T04:45:00.207Z The cycads constitute a homogeneous group of a few living members confined to tropical and sub-tropical regions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The cycads, for instance, are one of the types most often used as evidence of a warm climate. Climatic Changes Their Nature and Causes 2011-10-28T02:00:24.840Z So as long as existing colonies extend or maintain their borders, cycads will persist, even if the seeds don’t fall far from the tree. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z The next step is to create a library of wild cycad plants, he adds. Forensic chemistry could stop African plant thieves 2014-09-25T04:00:00Z Research suggests that today’s cycads are not the same ones that existed over 200 million years ago. Green Blog: On Our Radar: 'Living Fossil' Is Younger Than Thought 2011-10-21T14:57:39Z The male flower of Cycas conforms to the type of structure characteristic of the cycads, and consists of a long cone of numerous sporophylls bearing many oval pollen-sacs on their lower faces. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The cycads in the Everglades of Florida are some of their surviving representatives. Trees Worth Knowing 2011-10-13T02:00:48.357Z If you’re a cycad, growing in groves is great for several reasons. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z But this vegetation consisted principally of cryptogams and those lowest phænogams, of the pine and cycad groups, which have naked seeds. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z Dinosaurs were shaded by flowerless plants like cycads and ferns. First Rainforests Arose When Plants Solved Plumbing Problem 2011-05-05T15:53:00Z Similar spermatozoids were observed in some species of Zamia by H. J. Webber, and more recent work enables us to assume that all cycads produce ciliated male gametes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z There were now palmlike cycads and many tropical conifers, though as yet there were no flowering plants and no grasses. A Short History of the World 2011-03-04T03:01:03.147Z So in cycads, large societies help favor what biologists like to call “reproductive success”. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Imagine this strange world,—its forests with pines and monkey puzzles and cycads,—ferns also, of which many fragments are found,—its great reptiles and little reptiles, on land, in the water and the air. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Ferns and giant club mosses and cycads grew in swampy ground. Earth and Sky Every Child Should Know Easy studies of the earth and the stars for any time and place The leaf-traces of cycads are remarkable both on account of their course and their anatomy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Sixty-five species of plants have been identified, of which there are fifteen ferns, two cycads, eleven conifer�, three monocotyledons, and thirty-four dicotyledons. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras So if you’re a cycad, it pays to grow in a location that your pollinators are likely to be and likely to find you — and that would be where all the other cycads are. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z But these flowering cycads must have formed a marked addition to the landscape,—if indeed they did not already exist in the Wealden times. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight In the forest, Kirby gained a hazy impression of bronzy, immense cycads and what appeared to be tree chrysophilums with gorgeous blossoms. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, December 1930 Surrounding the pitted wall of the ovum there is a definite layer of large cells, no doubt representing a tapetum, which, as in cycads and conifers, plays an important part in nourishing the growing egg-cell. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z To this section, thus composed of conifers and cycads, the name Gymnosperms is given, from the naked mode of development of their young seeds. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, September 1879 Finally, cycads often engage in synchronized seed production — a phenomenon botanists call “mast seeding”. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z The cones of present day cycads are very splendidly coloured,—orange and crimson,—and it can hardly be doubted that the cycad flowers were of brilliant hues. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Up to the mouth of the cave grew huge tree-ferns, cattails, cycads, and such growths as existed in earlier ages in the warm, moist regions of the world. Astounding Stories of Super-Science, May, 1930 The structure of the seed, the presence of two neck-cells in the archegonia, the late development of the embryo, the partially-fused cotyledons and certain anatomical characters, are features common to Ginkgo and the cycads. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z He was just bestirring himself to carry out his purpose, when once more a swaying in the rank foliage of the cycads caught his vigilant eye. In the Morning of Time Botanists have long puzzled over a peculiarity of ancient plants called cycads: they have huge, bright, fleshy seeds displayed in enormous cones. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z There has been found at Luccombe a very remarkable fruit of a kind of cycad. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight On the Andes he had observed the agaves, the cycads, and cactaceae—all strange to the eye of a Russian. Bruin The Grand Bear Hunt The anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of recent cycads is of special interest as affording important evidence of relationship with extinct types, and with other groups of recent plants. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Australian cycad, the seeds of which contain a large amount of farina, or starchy matter, which formerly supplied a considerable amount of food for the natives of that country. Catalogue of Economic Plants in the Collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Are cycad seeds relicts that will ultimately doom their parents? Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z But these specimens found at Luccombe show that cycads at that time were developing into flowering plants. The Geological Story of the Isle of Wight Growing, as its leaves do, almost out of the earth, or with only a short trunk, it bears a very marked resemblance to the cycads; but for all this, it is a true palm. Bruin The Grand Bear Hunt Similarly in the sporophylls of some cycads the bundles are endarch near the base and mesarch near the distal end of the stamen or carpel. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z With this was associated a waning of the Carboniferous flora, and the appearance of a new one, consisting of ferns, conifers, ginkgos, and cycads, which persisted until near the end of the Mesozoic era. The Outline of Science, Vol. 1 (of 4) A Plain Story Simply Told Thus extinct large dispersers, Hall and Walter argue, were only a part of the cycad reproductive strategy, and losing them did not mean the end of cycads or their mighty seeds. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z The cycads are palm-like forms having a single trunk crowned by a circle of compound leaves. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Phanerogamic plants in their lowest groups of gymnosperm exogens then begin to appear in the Devonian conifers, gradually followed by cycads. Creation and Its Records The mesarch structure of the leaf-bundles is met with in a less pronounced form in the flower peduncles of some cycads. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z The fossil remains of cycads in the rocks of that period prove that they once flourished in the tropic swamps where now are the hills of Wyoming and Dakota. The Jewel City It’s a dynamic that cycads could have evolved in partnership with dinosaurs as far back as their heyday in the Mesozoic. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Its predominant life features are the culmination and the beginning of the decline of reptiles, amphibians, cephalopod mollusks, and cycads, and the advent of marsupial mammals, birds, teleost fishes, and angiospermous plants. The Elements of Geology Out of thirty species of ferns, cycads, conifers, and other plants, enumerated by M. Ad. The Student's Elements of Geology The spermatozoids constitute the most striking link with both cycads and ferns. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z For another two hours I limped forward with pain and grief—by now I was leaning on Hans' shoulder—up an endless, uncultivated rise clothed with euphorbias and fern-like cycads. The Ivory Child It also means that cycads and plants with “megafaunal dispersal syndrome” have always dwelt in isolated but crowded colonies. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Palms are so like cycads that we may regard them as the descendants of some cycad type. The Elements of Geology It was thickly covered with a fine cycad which grows amongst the rocks overhanging the sea. Wanderings among South Sea Savages and in Borneo and the Philippines The male flowers of cycads are constructed on a uniform plan, and in all cases consist of an axis bearing crowded, spirally disposed sporophylls. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 7 "Gyantse" to "Hallel" 2011-12-26T03:00:11.613Z Greenland and Spitzbergen are fragments of a continent that then bore a luxuriant growth of ferns and cycads, and housed large reptiles that could not now live thousands of miles south of it. The Story of Evolution As it turns out, interacting with other cycads is a crucial part of their lives. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Gymnosperms, akin to the cycads, were also present in the Carboniferous forests. The Elements of Geology Further, in spite of having no flowers, cycads depend on pollinators — insects that can ferry sperm-bearing pollen to the egg-bearing female cone. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Certain beetles have specialized in doing this work for cycads, and some species live nearly their entire lives in cycad cones. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z The trees are conifers, cycads, and trees akin to the ginkgo, or Maidenhair Tree, of modern Japan. The Story of Evolution That is, there are boy cycads and girl cycads. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z The somber forests of the earlier Carboniferous, with their gigantic club mosses, were now replaced by forests of cycads, tree ferns, and conifers. The Elements of Geology In the Australian cycad Macrozamia miquelii, the seeds exceed 5 grams, of which nearly half the weight is flesh. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Its fossil remains of that time include forty species of ferns, as well as cycads, ginkgoes, figs, bamboos, and magnolias. The Story of Evolution But the most frequent and characteristic tree of the Jurassic landscape is the cycad. The Story of Evolution Even living with a few may not do, because only a subset of any given male or female cycads actually make cones in a given year. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z Many of the fernlike forms, however, have distinct affinities with the cycads, of which they may be the ancestors, and some bear seeds and must be classed as gymnosperms. The Elements of Geology The vast ice-fields have gone, the scanty and scrubby vegetation is replaced by luscious forests of cycads, conifers, and ferns, and warmth-loving animals penetrate to what are now the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The Story of Evolution The vast majority of the plants are of the cycad type. The Story of Evolution On the other hand, they approached the ferns so much more closely than modern cycads do that it is often impossible to say whether Jurassic remains must be classed as ferns or cycads. The Story of Evolution The more cycads living together, the better the effect will work. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z In northern Greenland there were luxuriant forests of magnolias, figs, and cycads; and a similar flora has been disinterred from the Cretaceous rocks of Alaska and Spitzbergen. The Elements of Geology It thus prepares the way for the cycads and conifers and ginkgoes of the Mesozoic, which we may conceive as evolved from one or other branch of the mixed Carboniferous vegetation. The Story of Evolution We have seen many instances of this—the seed-bearing ferns and flower-bearing cycads, for example, found in the last decade—and will see others. The Story of Evolution It is not suggested that the seed-ferns we know evolved into the cycads we know, and these in turn into our flowering plants. The Story of Evolution Today many fewer cycads grow on Earth, and those that do tend to populate the tropics and sub-tropics. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z The cycads, and even the conifers, shrink before the higher type of tree. The Story of Evolution They oust the cycads in Europe and America, as the cycads and conifers had ousted the Cryptogams. The Story of Evolution There are, however, structural differences which forbid us to regard any of these flowering cycads, which we have yet found, as the ancestors of the Angiosperms. The Story of Evolution Like the birds and mammals they await the coming of a fresh period of cold to give them a decided superiority over the cycads. The Story of Evolution The key to this puzzle has to do with another characteristic of cycads: they love to live together. Are Cycads Social Plants? 2013-10-17T02:45:06.783Z As the cycads shrank in the Cretaceous period, the Angiosperms deployed with great rapidity, and, spreading at various levels and in different kinds of soils and climates, branched into hundreds of different types. The Story of Evolution There were large flowers, we saw, on some of the Mesozoic cycads, but their sober yellows and greens—to judge from their descendants—would do little to brighten the landscape. The Story of Evolution But with the fresh upheaval and climatic disturbance at the end of the Jurassic, and during the Cretaceous, they spread northward, and replaced the dying reptiles, as the Angiosperms replaced the dying cycads. The Story of Evolution |
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