| 单词 | Crustacea |
| 例句 | Polynesian subsistence depended on varying mixes of fishing, gathering wild plants and marine shellfish and Crustacea, hunting terrestrial birds and breeding seabirds, and food production. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies 1997-03-01T00:00:00Z V., on the auditory function of the filaments of Crustacea, 29, 302.Herbart, Popular scientific lectures 2012-04-24T02:00:17.273Z When I say the best, I mean that trout fed upon Crustacea seem to thrive better than trout fed on anything else. Old Flies in New Dresses How to Dress Dry Flies with the Wings in the Natural Position and Some New Wet Flies 2012-04-02T02:00:23.697Z A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The basal joint of the legs of Crustacea. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The Sepia feeds principally on Crustacea, and in aquaria has been observed to pursue and capture prawns. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z In most Crustacea, however, this primitive scheme is more or less modified. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Fortunately, I can bring forward a case to show how trout thrive when fed upon Crustacea. Old Flies in New Dresses How to Dress Dry Flies with the Wings in the Natural Position and Some New Wet Flies 2012-04-02T02:00:23.697Z A numerous group of fourteen Ð footed Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The prawn, although resembling the shrimp and the crayfish, is larger than either of the other Crustacea. Tempting Curry Dishes 2012-01-03T03:00:10.097Z All these and some others with rather hard names are in that division of the Crustacea called Entomostraca, meaning shelled creatures whose shells are cut and do not cover them all round. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z The application of the morphological method to the Crustacea may perhaps be dated from the work of J. C. Fabricius towards the end of the 18th century. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Whether any particular stream is inhabited by these Crustacea may be easily discovered. Old Flies in New Dresses How to Dress Dry Flies with the Wings in the Natural Position and Some New Wet Flies 2012-04-02T02:00:23.697Z A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The great majority of the higher Crustacea go through well-marked metamorphoses. On the Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects 2011-12-05T03:00:46.667Z The Crustacea, Arachnides Insecta, by Latreille, translated from the latest French edition, with additional notes and illustrations, by nearly five hundred additional plates, to be completed in thirty-six monthly numbers, at 37-1/2 cents each. A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, of the State of Tennessee. 2011-11-07T02:00:17.560Z In more recent years the long and constantly increasing list of writers on Crustacea contains no name more honoured than that of the veteran G. O. Sars of Christiania. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Of all the forms of food partaken of by the trout the Crustacea are the best. Old Flies in New Dresses How to Dress Dry Flies with the Wings in the Natural Position and Some New Wet Flies 2012-04-02T02:00:23.697Z They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z Among the Crustacea the total segmentation of the yolk occurs among the Copepoda, Rhizocephala, and Cirripedia. On the Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects 2011-12-05T03:00:46.667Z Under the heading Crustacea the Entomostraca have already been distinguished not only from the Thyrostraca or Cirripedes, but also from the Malacostraca, and an intermediate group of which the true position is still disputed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Internal Structure: Alimentary System.—In almost all Crustacea the food-canal runs straight through the body, except at its anterior end, where it curves downwards to the ventrally-placed mouth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The habitat of the parasites is sufficiently varied; Rotifers, Crustacea, Annelids and fishes furnishing most of the hosts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z I have already made use of this term for the corresponding parts in the embryos of Crustacea. On the Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects 2011-12-05T03:00:46.667Z Ray’s “Insects” comprised the Arachnids, Crustacea, Myriapoda and Annelida, in addition to the Hexapods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Circulatory System.—As in the other Arthropoda, the circulatory system in Crustacea is largely lacunar, the blood flowing in spaces or channels without definite walls. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Zoology was divided into 11 chief articles, “Mammalia,” “Ornithology,” “Reptilia,” “Ichthyology,” “Mollusca,” “Crustacea,” “Arachnides,” “Entomology,” “Helminthology,” “Zoophytes,” and “Animalcule”—all by James Wilson. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z Very similar larvæ occur in various other groups of Crustacea. On the Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects 2011-12-05T03:00:46.667Z These characters absent in the lowest classes—Brilliant colours—Mollusca—Annelids—Crustacea, secondary sexual characters strongly developed; dimorphism; colour; characters not acquired before maturity—Spiders, sexual colours of; stridulation by the males—Myriapoda. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Vol. I 2011-01-17T03:00:49.523Z Excretory System.—The most important excretory or renal organs of the Crustacea are two pairs of glands lying at the base of the antennae and of the second maxillae respectively. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z In Thelohania, eight spores are formed; the different species are parasitic in Crustacea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Crustacea exhibit a longer and more complete series of forms than any other class of Arthropoda, and may be regarded as preserving the most completely represented line of descent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" They are inoffensive, and their flesh is esteemed good food.—There is a genus of isopodous Crustacea called Armadillo, consisting of animals allied to the wood-lice, capable of rolling themselves into a ball. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli The mental powers of the Crustacea are probably higher than might have been expected. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Vol. I 2011-01-17T03:00:49.523Z Eyes.—The eyes of Crustacea are of two kinds, the unpaired, median or “nauplius” eye, and the paired compound eyes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z In some Insecta and Crustacea exceptional parthenogenesis occurs: a certain proportion of the eggs laid are capable of undergoing either the whole or a part of development parthenogenetically, e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In Crustacea and Hexapoda of all grades we find compound eyes with the more complicated ommatidia described above. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The coxal glands of the Arachnida are structures of the same nature as the green glands of the higher Crustacea and the so-called “shell glands” of the Entomostraca. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Cuvier's second section of Crustacea; so called from their relationship to insects. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology Mention should also be made of the partial or complete atrophy of the eyes in many Crustacea which live in darkness, either in the deep sea or in subterranean habitats. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The inhabitants of the waters of this geographical phase include mollusca, which are supposed to have lived in brackish or fresh water, such as Anthracomya, Naiadites, Carbonicola, and many forms of Crustacea, e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" The absence of such renal caeca in Limulus and their presence in the terrestrial Arachnida is precisely on a parallel with their absence in aquatic Crustacea and their presence in the feebly branchiate Amphipoda. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The Crustacea never have more than one pair. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Of course there will be other phosphorescent creatures, Jelly-Fishes, etc., among them, but the predominant color is given by these little Crustacea. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 16, No. 98, December, 1865 The majority of the Crustacea are hatched from the egg in a form differing more or less from that of the adult, and pass through a series of free-swimming larval stages. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Molluscs.—Among the Mollusca, Crustacea and Insecta yolk-stored eggs of very remarkable forms are commonly produced. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" The buccal somite, with its mandibles, is in Hexapoda, as in Crustacea, the fourth: they are tetartognathous. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The Crustacea are—with the exception of the Cirrhipedia—remarkable for having stiff, motionless spermatozoids. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" They keep near the sea bottom, feeding chiefly on the smaller fishes and Crustacea, and causing great annoyance to the fishermen by the readiness with which they take bait. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 6 "Dodwell" to "Drama" In most of the Crustacea which hatch at a later stage there is, as already mentioned, more or less clear evidence of an embryonic nauplius stage. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Crustaceans.—Among the higher Crustacea, as a rule, the eggs are carried by the female, attached to special appendages on the under side of the body. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 1 "Edwardes" to "Ehrenbreitstein" The movement of the legs in Diplopoda is like that of those of Peripatus, of the Phyllopod Crustacea, and of the parapodia of Chaetopoda, symmetrical and identical on the two sides of the body. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" Limulus agrees with the majority of the Crustacea in being destitute of renal excretory caeca or tubes opening into the hinder part of the gut. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Now, while I have seen many builders with tools who were dubbed "spineless," "poor fish," etc., it was not because they remotely resembled the piscatorial or Crustacea families. Astounding Stories, June, 1931 Perhaps the most complete degeneration is found in the Rhizocephala, which are parasitic on other Crustacea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Certain animals, especially the Crustacea, make use of the special defence and warning colours of other animals. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" The lateral eyes of Crustacea are polymeniscous, with highly specialized retinulae like those of Hexapoda, and unlike the simpler compound lateral eyes of lower Arachnida. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" They differ from the Crustacea in that they have only a single pair of prae-oral appendages, the second pair being definitely developed as mandibles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Again, a most distinguished author has stated that the Cirripedia differ from the Crustacea:—1st. A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia With Figures of all the Species. Many of the larger species of Crustacea are used as food by man, the most valuable being the lobster, which is caught in large quantities on both sides of the North Atlantic. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Analogous powers exist in certain Crustacea and Cephalopoda. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" But in higher Crustacea the cephalic “tagma” is extended, and more somites are added to the fusion, and their appendages adapted as jaws of a kind. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The Crustacea have, in fact, three prosthomeres in the head and the Arachnida only two, and Limulus agrees with the Arachnida in this respect and differs from the Crustacea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Dr., on the acoustic organs in Crustacea, 54.Female organs of generation in the Lepadid�, 56.Filaments, A Monograph on the Sub-class Cirripedia With Figures of all the Species. The Phyllopoda are the only Crustacea in which distinct and functional gnathobasic processes are found on appendages far removed from the mouth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The curious dipping of the bill just alluded to is mentioned as characteristic of the Phalaropes, though I did not observe it, and is thought to be a snapping-up of minute Crustacea. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 15, No. 88, February, 1865 The lateral eyes of Hexapoda, like those of Crustacea, belong to the most specialized type of “compound eye,” found only in these two classes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The existing Arachnida, like the higher Crustacea, are “nomomeristic,” that is to say, have a fixed typical number of somites to the body. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" The numerous and long extinct group of Trilobites also belongs to the class Crustacea. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, September 1879 Special Morphology of Appendages.—In many Crustacea the eyes are borne on stalks which are movably articulated with the head and which may be divided into two or three segments. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z But in the highest types, as in the large Crustacea, many of the segments are completely fused together; and the internal organs are no longer uniformly repeated in all the segments. Essays: Scientific, Political, & Speculative, Vol. I Such chelate rami or limb-branches are independently developed in Crustacea and in Arachnida, and are carried by somites of the body which do not correspond in position in the two groups. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" This fact renders their association with the Crustacea impossible, if classification is to be the expression of genetic affinity inferred from structural coincidence. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" It treats of curious animals which the author considers as more nearly allied to the Insecta than to the Crustacea or Arachnid�. Anecdotes & Incidents of the Deaf and Dumb In point of size also the Crustacea vary within very wide limits. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z In many Crustacea and Insects there are flattened hairs each connected with a nerve fibre, and so constituted as to vibrate in response to particular notes. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In And it seems probable that in the case of the Hexapoda, at any rate, the point of departure was subsequent to the attainment of the nomomeristic character presented by the higher grade of Crustacea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" This body occurs also in the blood of Crustacea and of Molluscs, but its abundance in both Limulus and Scorpio is very marked, and gives to the freshly-shed blood a strong indigo-blue tint. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" It seems to have been for many ages together a creation of molluscs, corals, and Crustacea. The Testimony of the Rocks or, Geology in Its Bearings on the Two Theologies, Natural and Revealed The habits of the Crustacea are no less diversified than their structure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Many small marine animals, Medusæ, Crustacea, Worms, etc., are also brilliantly luminous at night. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In BARNACLE, a name applied to Crustacea of the division Cirripedia or Thyrostraca. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" Limulus thus agrees with Scorpio and differs from the Crustacea, in which there are three prosthomeres—one ocular and two carrying palpiform appendages. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Tenthly, a Eucharis N. In addition to these, no less than eight Crustacea were taken in the net. A New Voyage Round the World, in the years 1823, 24, 25, and 26, Vol. 2 It is quite probable, however, that in the primitive ancestors of existing Crustacea a still smaller number of somites formed the head. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The stripes on the young Lion, the spots on the young Blackbird, are well-known cases; and we find the same law prevalent among the lower animals, as, for instance, among Insects and Crustacea. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In Innumerable Crustacea frequent every part of the plant. The Land of Fire A Tale of Adventure It will eat fish and small Crustacea, and almost any living thing it finds in the water, which is not too large for it. The Forest Exiles The Perils of a Peruvian Family in the Wilds of the Amazon Of Crustacea we saw twenty different kinds; among them a Gonoplax of the middling size, and as white as the coral-sand, among which it lives, on the shore. A New Voyage Round the World, in the years 1823, 24, 25, and 26, Vol. 2 In nearly all Crustacea the antennules and often also the antennae bear groups of hair-like filaments in which the chitinous cuticle is extremely delicate and which do not taper to a point but end bluntly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The variety and kinds of Crustacea are almost numberless, from the largest lobster to the smallest crab. The Western World Picturesque Sketches of Nature and Natural History in North and South America The accurate knowledge which Aristotle exhibits of the anatomy and habits of marine animals, such as the Cephalopoda and the larger Crustacea, leaves no doubt that he derived it from actual observation. Fathers of Biology This, like the kingfisher, sat solitarily upon a projecting stump, now and then dashing into the shallow water, and scooping up the small fishes, frogs, and Crustacea with its huge mandibles. The Forest Exiles The Perils of a Peruvian Family in the Wilds of the Amazon The great differences between the Crustacea and insects are noticeable at an early period in the egg. Our Common Insects A Popular Account of the Insects of Our Fields, Forests, Gardens and Houses Glands.—In addition to the digestive and excretory glands already mentioned, various glandular structures occur in the different groups of Crustacea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z It feeds on the Crustacea which it picks up on the shore, as well as on fish—on which it pounces, as they swim by, from some branch overhanging the water. The Western World Picturesque Sketches of Nature and Natural History in North and South America And so in reality he was, working his way up by means of his pectoral fins, David supposed in search of some of the minute Crustacea which clung to the roots. In the Wilds of Africa The minnows, frogs, miscellaneous Crustacea, and other foodstuffs in the lake then began to institute a standing veto against such a degree of pleasure. Lines in Pleasant Places Being the Aftermath of an Old Angler The Nauplius form of the embryo or larva of nearly all Crustacea, also points back to the worms as their ancestors, the divergence having perhaps originated, as we have suggested, in the Rotatoria. Our Common Insects A Popular Account of the Insects of Our Fields, Forests, Gardens and Houses They are of interest, however, rather from the point of view of general embryology than from that of 559 the special student of the Crustacea, and cannot be fully dealt with here. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z When one examines the little Crustacea which have inhabited for centuries the lakes of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, one is at first astonished to find these animals apparently endowed with perfect eyes. Natural Law in the Spiritual World The roots of the trees were also covered with mussels, oysters, and other Crustacea. In the Wilds of Africa Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family Pinnotheridæ; in which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an almost imperceptible rudiment 27 Darwin, Charles, Esq., Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology Lamarck regarded them as more nearly allied to the Crustacea than Insecta. Our Common Insects A Popular Account of the Insects of Our Fields, Forests, Gardens and Houses The larval metamorphoses of the Crustacea have attracted much attention, and have been the subject of much discussion in view of their bearing on the phylogenetic history of the group. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The Crustacea of the Mammoth Cave have chosen to abide in darkness. Natural Law in the Spiritual World We owe to him the foundation and definition of the classes of Infusoria, Annelida, Arachnida, and Crustacea, the two latter groups being separated from the insects. Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution His Life and Work Description of a new Genus of Crustacea, of the Family Pinnotheridæ; in which the fifth pair of legs are reduced to an almost imperceptible rudiment. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology The gills of aquatic insects only differ from those of worms in possessing tracheæ, though the gills of the Crustacea may be directly compared with those of insects. Our Common Insects A Popular Account of the Insects of Our Fields, Forests, Gardens and Houses In those Crustacea in which the series of larval stages is most complete, the starting-point is the form already mentioned under the name of nauplius. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z For Crustacea he established the homologies now accepted, of the mandibles with the mandibles of insects, of the first and second pairs of maxillæ with the parts so named in insects, and so on. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology Even the little one-eyed Crustacea, the size of a needle-point, that discredit the name of Cyclops. Certain Personal Matters On the Importance of an Examination of the Structure of the Integument of Crustacea in the determination of doubtful Species.—Application to the genus Galathea, with the Description of a New Species of that Genus. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology It is indeed highly probable that insects had a common origin with aquatic Crustacea, but all the evidence points to the ancestors of insects having become breathers of atmospheric air before they acquired wings. The Life-Story of Insects The first attempts to reconstruct the genealogical history of the Crustacea started from the assumption that the “theory of recapitulation” could be applied to their larval history. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The heart consists at first of one chamber only, recalling the one-chambered heart of Crustacea. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The most conspicuous type of Articulates continues as before to be that of Crustacea; but Trilobites have finished their career, and the Lobster-like Crustacea make their appearance for the first time. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 70, August, 1863 In the three species recognized in Professor Bell's work on the British Crustacea, it will be found that each species retains the same characters in greater or less degree. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology The larvæ of barnacles and other more degraded parasitic crustacea are almost exactly like those of Crustacea in general. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The probable course of evolution of the different groups of Crustacea from this hypothetical ancestral form can only be touched on here. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z His comparison of the Arachnid appendages with those of insects and Crustacea is very curious. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology When, however, it has become useful, as in the case of the single enlarged claw of many Crustacea, it has been preserved by natural selection. Darwinism (1889) Of the various genera of Decapod Crustacea none are more interesting, or more difficult of description, than those which constitute the family Galatheadæ. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society - Vol. 3 Zoology A tribe of Decapod Crustacea, of which the Hermit-crab is the type. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the great majority of Crustacea the antennules are purely sensory in function and carry numerous “olfactory” hairs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z It was probably suggested to him by his studies on the Crustacea, among which the principle is so beautifully exemplified in the concentration and specialisation of the appendages and the ganglionic chain. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology He places, for instance, Fishes and Reptiles among the Intelligent animals, as distinguished from Crustacea and Insects, which he refers to the second division. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 51, January, 1862 The first tables to which he should direct his attention here, are those in which a series of Crustacea or hard-coated animals are deposited. How to See the British Museum in Four Visits Applied to the smaller pair of antennæ in the Crustacea. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Although fossil remains of Crustacea are abundant, from the most ancient fossiliferous rocks down to the most recent, their study has hitherto contributed little to a precise knowledge of the phylogenetic history of the class. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The species feed on Crustacea and marine worms, which shelter under rocks, mosses and sunken objects at the sea-bottom. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 11, No. 23, February, 1873 Any collection of Insects or Crustacea is an evidence of this; being always instinctively arranged in such a manner as to show the predominant features, they uniformly exhibit the back of the animal. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 51, January, 1862 Then come the Crustacea, so called from their crustlike shell. A Series of Lessons in Gnani Yoga Composed of two plates or valves; applied to the shell of the Lamellibranchiata and Brachiopoda, and to the carapace of certain Crustacea. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The resemblances between the Crustacea and the Annelid worms, in such characters as the structure of the nervous system and the mode of growth of the somites, can hardly be ignored. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z The same may be said of the Arachnida and Crustacea. Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon There are still Trilobites, but they are very few in number, and other groups of Crustacea have been added. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 67, May, 1863 In the stomachs of some we found small flying squid, little shrimps, and other Crustacea. By Rock and Pool on an Austral Shore, and Other Stories The division of Crustacea which have ten feet; also the family of Cuttle-fishes, in which there are ten arms or cephalic processes. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science The modern classification of Crustacea may be said to have been founded by P. A. Latreille, who, in the beginning of the 19th century, divided the class into Entomostraca and Malacostraca. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z A fine species of the class Crustacea, discovered by him, has been described and figured in the Illustrated Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, Commanded By the Late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S. Etc. During the Years 1846-1850. Including Discoveries and Surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, Etc. to Which Is Added the Account of Mr. E.B. Kennedy's Expedition for the Exploration of the Cape York Peninsula. By John Macgillivray, F.R.G.S. Naturalist to the Expedition. — Volume 2 He assumes that the primary stock of the whole group was a crustacean, having that Nauplius form in which Fritz Müller has shown that so many Crustacea commence their lives. Critiques and Addresses Among Crustacea, the Genera of Shrimps vary in the form of the claws, in the structure of the parts of the mouth, in the articulations of their feelers, etc. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 54, April, 1862 The upper pair of jaws in Insects; also applied to one of the pairs of jaws in Crustacea and Spiders, to the beak of Cephalopods, the lower jaw of Vertebrates, &c. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science In the third division of the Animal Kingdom, the Articulates, we have again three classes: Worms, Crustacea, and Insects. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 52, February, 1862 Of Articulates we find only two classes, Worms and Crustacea. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 The Copepoda, the Ostracoda, and the Branchiopoda are the Crustacea which have departed least from the embryonic or Nauplius-forms; and, of these, I imagine that the Copepoda represent the hypothetical Archicarida most closely. Critiques and Addresses Latreille has done the same for the Crustacea and Insects; and Milne Edwards, with the coöperation of Haime, has recently proceeded upon the same principle in characterizing a great number of Genera among the Corals. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 54, April, 1862 By far the larger number of the Cambrian Crustacea belong, however, to the remarkable and wholly extinct group of the Trilobites. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science What is true of the Lobsters is true also, so far as class-characters are concerned, of all the Crustacea. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 52, February, 1862 I should add, however, that many impressions described as produced by Worms are more likely to have been the tracks of Crustacea. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 These may be placed temporarily in jars; though plants, mollusks, Crustacea and Actiniae may be kept and transmitted long distances packed in layers of moist sea-weed. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 08, No. 47, September, 1861 Dr. Oswald Heer, professor at Zurich, an accomplished botanist and entomologist, did perhaps nine tenths of the work, describing plants, insects, arachnids and part of the Crustacea. Popular Science Monthly Oct, Nov, Dec, 1915 — Volume 86 An order of Crustacea in which the feet are like one another and equal. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Formerly, it was sometimes applied to Crustacea in general. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section C Such trails and furrows, made by small Shells or Crustacea, are also found in plenty on the oldest deposits. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 Albinism is restricted to no particular class of the animal kingdom; for partial albinism at least is known to occur in Coelentera, worms, Crustacea, Myriapoda, Coleoptera,Arachnida and fishes. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 These fishes, like the tortoise, the armadillo, the sea-hedgehog, and the Crustacea, are protected by a breastplate which is neither chalky nor stony, but real bone. Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea The last joint in the abdomen of Crustacea; variously regarded as a segment without appendages, or as an azygous appendage. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Abdominal appendages are enlarged in female Crustacea for the attachment of the eggs, the abdomen also being larger and broader. Hormones and Heredity The Trilobites stand in the same relation to the modern Crustacea as the Crinoids do to the modern Echinoderms. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 11, No. 66, April, 1863 It belongs to the class known as the Crustacea; but, for some reason or other, it has chosen to live its grown-up life fixed to a rock. On the Seashore Some acquaintance with the marine Crustacea, observations on Planariæ and on the ubiquitous Sagitta, seem to have been the chief results of a great amount of labour in this direction. Darwiniana : Essays — Volume 02 But even independently of this circumstance the selection of the Crustacea could hardly have been doubtful. Facts and Arguments for Darwin In Crustacea certain appendages are used for this function. Hormones and Heredity Upon the organs of hearing and circulation in some of the transparent Crustacea, and upon the structure of certain of the lower forms of Crustacea. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 Thank you for your "Conspectus Crust.," but I am sorry to say I am not worthy of it, though I have always thought the Crustacea a beautiful subject. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 There are only two orders extinct among the Crustacea. Darwiniana : Essays — Volume 02 The attempt has often been made to divide the body of the higher Crustacea into small sections composed of equal numbers of segments, these sections consisting of 3, 5 or 7 segments. Facts and Arguments for Darwin These classes are the Crustacea, Cirripedia, and Annelida. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea I am sorry to say that a mere fragment of what I originally intended to have published has appeared, the series having been concluded when I reached the end of the Crustacea. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 The mental powers of the Crustacea are probably higher than at first sight appears probable. The Descent of Man And his untiring industry in the dissection of marine animals, especially of Crustacea, must have been of value to him as training for his Cirripede work. Life and Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 And this, as is well known, applies to nearly all Crustacea. Facts and Arguments for Darwin ENTOMOSTRACA.—A division of the class Crustacea, having all the segments of the body usually distinct, gills attached to the feet or organs of the mouth, and the feet fringed with fine hairs. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition Dana, who, taking principally the Crustacea as a basis, and as leading factors the mean temperatures of the coldest and of the warmest months, established five latitudinal zones. Darwin and Modern Science These characters absent in the lowest classes—Brilliant colours—Mollusca —Annelids—Crustacea, secondary sexual characters strongly developed; dimorphism; colour; characters not acquired before maturity—Spiders, sexual colours of; stridulation by the males—Myriapoda. The Descent of Man With it, swimming in the water, are smaller members of the same family, which come nearer to our familiar small Crustacea. The Story of Evolution I will conclude this general view with a few words upon the earliest processes in the development of the Crustacea. Facts and Arguments for Darwin ANTENNAE.—Jointed organs appended to the head in Insects, Crustacea and Centipedes, and not belonging to the mouth. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition It would be easy to weave together the separate threads furnished by the young forms of the various Crustacea, into a general picture of the primitive history of this class. Facts and Arguments for Darwin These characters are absent in the lowest classes—Brilliant colours— Mollusca—Annelids—Crustacea, secondary sexual characters strongly developed; dimorphism; colour; characters not acquired before maturity— Spiders, sexual colours of; stridulation by the males—Myriapoda. The Descent of Man Possibly he began with Crustacea; in any case the practice of crunching shellfish led to a stronger and stronger development of the hard plate which lined his mouth. The Story of Evolution And, to return to our Class of the Crustacea, has any particular attention been paid in their classification to the distinctions prevailing in the "most essential organs"? Facts and Arguments for Darwin There has been still less within some whole classes, for instance the Crustacea, for here the most wonderfully diverse forms are still linked together by a long and only partially broken chain of affinities. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition Less varied than that of the Stalk-eyed Crustacea is the mode of development of the Isopoda and Amphipoda, which Leach united in the section Edriophthalma, or Crustacea with sessile eyes. Facts and Arguments for Darwin All the feet are essentially constructed in the same manner and resemble the maxillae of the higher Crustacea.* Facts and Arguments for Darwin Again, take the case of the introduction of a giant Cephalopod or fish amongst a population of Molluscs and Crustacea. The Story of Evolution In the Copepoda this formation of new segments and limbs, gradually advancing from before backwards, is more perfectly preserved than in any of the higher Crustacea.* Facts and Arguments for Darwin NAUPLIUS-FORM.—The earliest stage in the development of many Crustacea, especially belonging to the lower groups. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition A final and very peculiar section of the Crustacea is formed by the two orders of the Cirripedia and Rhizocephala.* Facts and Arguments for Darwin But how do these propositions agree with our observations on the developmental history of the Crustacea? Facts and Arguments for Darwin Returning to the water, the primitive insects would develop gills, like the Crustacea. The Story of Evolution The original development of the Malacostraca starting from the Nauplius, or the lowest free-living grade with which we are acquainted in the class of Crustacea, is now-a-days nearly effaced in the majority of them. Facts and Arguments for Darwin PALPI.—Jointed appendages to some of the organs of the mouth in insects and Crustacea. The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 6th Edition It will be sufficient to indicate an essential difference in the process of development in the higher and lower Crustacea. Facts and Arguments for Darwin In the Crustacea the Trilobites and Eurypterids have entirely disappeared; prawns and lobsters abound, and the earliest crab makes its appearance in the English Jurassic rocks. The Story of Evolution More evident still is the effect of the new conditions upon the Crustacea. The Story of Evolution As we have already seen, Mysis and the Isopoda depart from all other Crustacea very remarkably by the fact that their embryos are curved upwards, instead of, as elsewhere, downwards. Facts and Arguments for Darwin Some regard them as a connecting link between the Crustacea and the fishes, but the general feeling is that they were an abortive development in the direction of the fish. The Story of Evolution They were solid plates of enamel, an inch or an inch and a half in width, with which the monster ground its enormous meals of Molluscs, Crustacea, sea-weed, etc. The Story of Evolution Some of these remained in the water, breathing by means of gills, and became the Crustacea. The Story of Evolution Others announce the coming of the long-tailed Crustacea, of the lobster and shrimp type. The Story of Evolution So much for the development of the higher Crustacea. Facts and Arguments for Darwin Apart from the appearance of the great fishes and Crustacea, the Carboniferous period was one of great stimulation to aquatic life. The Story of Evolution The stress favours the development of new and more highly organised Crustacea. The Story of Evolution |
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