英语词汇“copula”造句的方法、技巧、例句及翻译-英语例句辞典

Lady arachnids have a well-deserved reputation for polishing off their suitors, post copula, in a manner that Hannibal Lecter might have admired. Arachnology: Having a mate for dinner 2012-11-29T17:39:56Z

We may, indeed, say, ½a friendship has long existed between them,¸ instead of saying, ½there has long been a friendship between them;¸ but in this case, exist is not a mere copula. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z

We say ‘murder is death to the perpetrator’ where the copula is brings; ‘two and two are four,’ the copula being ‘have the value of,’ etc.” The philosophy of B*rtr*nd R*ss*ll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z

By means of this representation, and the peculiar nature of the attribute, the verb is distinguished from the mere logical copula, with which it is liable to be confounded if these ideas are not understood. The Philosophic Grammar of American Languages, as Set Forth by Wilhelm von Humboldt With the Translation of an Unpublished Memoir by Him on the American Verb 2011-07-08T02:00:18.037Z

But since the former can be conceived only after the manner of the latter, the appropriateness of using the verb which expresses existence or reality, as the logical copula, will be at once apparent. Ontology or the Theory of Being 2011-04-01T02:00:38.727Z

Nature and office of the copula 85 2. A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive 7th Edition, Vol. I 2011-03-01T03:00:43.470Z

Each of these eight copulae gives rise to a spore. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z

The errors of common opinion arise to a great extent from the ambiguous use of the verb “to be,” which may imply existence or be merely the copula which connects subject and predicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z

A brilliant crescent moon hung in the steel blue eastern sky, above the stables, the copulas of which cut sharply into the air. The Undying Past

It is not necessary in every proposition, but it is necessary in the arrangement of a syllogism, to extricate the terms of its propositions from the copula; e.g. mortal—man—Socrates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip"

The heaping up of substantives without a copula is not uncommon in Lucretius. Readings from Latin Verse With Notes

He had been known to continue one sentence for ten minutes, his oratorical method being to substitute copulas for full stops. Years of Plenty

He thinks his fate alien, because the copula is hidden. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse

The hair at the back of his head was cropped to the roots, and displayed the shape of the powerful skull, which was posed on the ruddy full neck like the copula of a dome. The Undying Past

A verb may be said to be Hypercategorematic, implying, as it does, not only a term, but also a copula. Logic, Inductive and Deductive

Unwilling to discard the strictly unitary views of these chemists, or to adopt the copulae theory of Berzelius, he revived the notion of radicals in a new form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago"

The first division of propositions is into Affirmative and Negative, the copula in the latter being is not. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic

Sometimes, to make his sense unmistakable, he will repeat a whole formula, with only a change in the copula. Hours in a Library New Edition, with Additions. Vol. II (of 3)

The theme in confirmation must always admit of being expressed in a logical ——, with subject, predicate, and copula. English Synonyms and Antonyms With Notes on the Correct Use of Prepositions

If it must not be left out altogether, and we cannot put it with the copula, we have a choice between the two terms. Logic, Inductive and Deductive

The doctrine of copulae was discarded, and in 1859 emphasis was given to the view that all organic compounds were derivatives of inorganic by simple substitution processes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago"

When, as in mathematics, important consequences seem to follow from them, such really follow from the tacit assumption, through the ambiguity of the copula, of the real existence of the object named. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic

From this it follows, that whenever there is a conjunction, there are two subjects, two copulas, and two predicates: i.e., two propositions in all their parts. A Handbook of the English Language

Some logicians, among whom may be mentioned Hobbes, state this distinction differently; they recognize only one form of copula, is, and attach the negative sign to the predicate. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive

But the two alternatives are propositions, and if "A is" represents a proposition, the "is" is not the Syllogistic copula. Logic, Inductive and Deductive

A promise of marriage, followed by copula, also constitutes a marriage. Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc

Dismissing, for the present, the copula, of which more will be said hereafter, every proposition, then, consists of at least two names; brings together two names, in a particular manner. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2)

When this takes place, and any question arises as to the construction, they must be exhibited in their fully expanded form, i.e., the second subject, the second predicate, and the second copula must be supplied. A Handbook of the English Language

The copula is the sign denoting that there is an affirmation or denial, and thereby enabling the hearer or reader to distinguish a proposition from any other kind of discourse. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive

Like the combining power of Life, the copula here resists for awhile the attempts to dissolve it, and then yields, to reappear in new phenomena. Hints towards the formation of a more comprehensive theory of life.

Relative.—In this system the formal relation is taken, that is, the copula may be any whatever. A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume I

The verb is never used, as the mere logical copula or connecting word, is, was, etc., is used with the Greeks, Latins, and ourselves. Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry

I on the fence, he down below, And thou the copula, my trouser, I thought he never would let go,— This gentle Towser. The Dog's Book of Verse

Dismissing, for the present, the copula, of which more will be said hereafter, every proposition, then, consists of at least two names—brings together two names, in a particular manner. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive

For this spirit of the whole is most expressed in that part which derives its importance as an End from its importance as a Mean, relatively to all the parts under the same copula. Hints towards the formation of a more comprehensive theory of life.

The logicians will not see that their formal proposition, "Every X is Y," is material in three points, the degree of assertion, the quantity of the proposition, and the copula. A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume I

In such a case as this, the verb expresses predication and nothing else, and is called a copula. Hume (English Men of Letters Series)

Again, adjectives are used as intransitive verbs, as in most Indian languages there is no verb to be used as a predicant or copula. On the Evolution of Language First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-80, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 1-16

It is apt to be supposed that the copula is something more than a mere sign of predication; that it also signifies existence. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive

The proposition is composed of two terms and the copula, one term constituting the subject of the proposition and the other the predicate. Ontario Normal School Manuals: Science of Education

We may, then, state the following rule for the conversion of propositions in which the whole relation explicitly stated is taken as the copula: Transpose the terms, and for the given relation substitute its reciprocal. Logic Deductive and Inductive

It may be remarked, not only from this example, but from general study, that the verb "to be" as a copula or predicant does not have any place in sign language. Sign Language Among North American Indians Compared With That Among Other Peoples And Deaf-Mutes First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-1880, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 263-552

The Canonists attributed a truly immense importance to the copula carnalis, as they technically termed it. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society

How to beget a male or female child; and of the Embryo and perfect Birth; and the fittest time for the copula. The Works of Aristotle the Famous Philosopher Containing his Complete Masterpiece and Family Physician; his Experienced Midwife, his Book of Problems and his Remarks on Physiognomy

To be, however, is not always a pure copula. Composition-Rhetoric

Some writers have classed adjectives with verbs; because, with a neuter verb for the copula, they often form logical predicates: as, "Vices are contagious." The Grammar of English Grammars

For each of these departments of nature an original force in universal nature is assumed—gravity, light, and their copula, universal life. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time

Is it enough to call it a copula, a bridge, a link, a word connecting sentences? The Spirit of the Age Contemporary Portraits

The sign used can never stand for the copula! An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic

Among the incomplete intransitive verbs the most conspicuous are the copula and the copulative verbs. Composition-Rhetoric

Is some would call the grammatical predicate, and "Such is," or is such, the logical; but the latter consists, as the majority teach, of "the copula" is, and "the attribute," or "predicate," such. The Grammar of English Grammars

The higher unity of gravity and light is the copula or life, the principle of the organic, of animated corporeality or the processes of growth and reproduction, irritability, and sensibility. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time

How admirable a symbol of the dependence of all 'copula' on the higher powers of the mind, with the single exception of the succession in time and the accidental relations of space. Literary Remains, Volume 1

To speak in the language of grammarians, the copula is that of symbolic relationship, not that of existence; or, to speak in the language of the street, 'is' here means, as it often does, 'represents.' Expositions of Holy Scripture : St. Matthew Chaps. IX to XXVIII

In logic, the asserting word is called the copula—it shows that the two ideas are coupled into a thought—and the word expressing the idea asserted is called the predicate. Higher Lessons in English A work on English grammar and composition

The copula then may always be regarded as pure, that is, as indicating mere agreement or disagreement between the two terms of the proposition. Deductive Logic

Galvanism forms the transition to living nature, in which through the operation of the "copula" these three dynamical categories are raised to organic categories. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time

Thus, in the line from 'Julius Caesar' "Then burst his mighty heart," priority is given to a word embodying both predicate and copula. The Philosophy of Style

It MAY be that some parts of the world are connected so loosely with some other parts as to be strung along by nothing but the copula AND. Pragmatism

Logically, it is merely the copula of a judgement. The Critique of Pure Reason

This division is excluded by the view which has just been taken of the copula, as being always simply affirmative or simply negative. Deductive Logic

To these two forces, however, still a third factor must be added as their copula, which determines the relation or measure of their connection. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time

It is true that the general habit of our language resists this arrangement of predicate, copula and subject; but we may readily find instances of the additional force gained by conforming to it. The Philosophy of Style

There was no visible copula of the tablet with cones; no antennae between it and the circled shields. The Metal Monster

In the first series of propositions the word 'is' is really the copula; in the second, the verb of existence. Parmenides

Instead of the mode being attached to the copula, it may be considered as itself constituting the predicate, so that the above propositions would be analysed thus— That A is B, is possible. Deductive Logic

In English the majority of sentences are independent and in apposition to one another; they are laid side by side or slightly connected by the copula. Cratylus

As a verb, it does duty as predicate and copula combined. The Soul of the Far East

There are two kinds of copula, one for affirmative and one for negative statements. Deductive Logic

Materially the copula is expressed by some part of the verb 'to be,' with or without the negative, or else is wrapped up in some inflexional form of a verb. Deductive Logic

We therefore recognise predication as being of two kinds—affirmation and negation—corresponding to which there are two forms of copula. Deductive Logic

In this use it is predicate as well as copula, as when we say 'God is,' which may be analysed, if we please, into 'God is existent.' Deductive Logic

For such an unnecessary part of speech as a real copula does not exist in Japanese. The Soul of the Far East

The material form of the copula is an accident of language, and a matter of indifference to logic. Deductive Logic

We have laid down above that there are two kinds of copula, affirmative and negative: but some logicians have maintained that the copula is always affirmative. Deductive Logic

It is precisely on a par with Hobbes's theory of the copula in a simple proposition being always affirmative. Deductive Logic

Another usual division of propositions is into Pure and Modal, the latter being those in which the copula is modified by some degree of probability. Deductive Logic

What looks at first, therefore, like a copula turns out to be merely an impersonal intransitive verb. The Soul of the Far East

We seem therefore driven to admit that there are as many different kinds of copula as there are different degrees of assurance with which a statement may be made. Deductive Logic

If degrees of probability can thus be eliminated from the copula, much more so can expressions of time, which may always be regarded as forming part of the predicate. Deductive Logic

Here we see that 'boils' is equivalent to the noun 'boiling' together with the copula 'is,' which declares its agreement with the noun 'kettle.' Deductive Logic

It is because all propositions are not affirmative that we require a copula at all. Deductive Logic

The want of a copula is another instance of the primitive character of the tongue. The Soul of the Far East

单词	copula
例句	copula Lady arachnids have a well-deserved reputation for polishing off their suitors, post copula, in a manner that Hannibal Lecter might have admired. Arachnology: Having a mate for dinner 2012-11-29T17:39:56Z We may, indeed, say, ½a friendship has long existed between them,¸ instead of saying, ½there has long been a friendship between them;¸ but in this case, exist is not a mere copula. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z We say ‘murder is death to the perpetrator’ where the copula is brings; ‘two and two are four,’ the copula being ‘have the value of,’ etc.” The philosophy of Brtrnd Rssll 2011-12-30T03:00:24.883Z By means of this representation, and the peculiar nature of the attribute, the verb is distinguished from the mere logical copula, with which it is liable to be confounded if these ideas are not understood. The Philosophic Grammar of American Languages, as Set Forth by Wilhelm von Humboldt With the Translation of an Unpublished Memoir by Him on the American Verb 2011-07-08T02:00:18.037Z But since the former can be conceived only after the manner of the latter, the appropriateness of using the verb which expresses existence or reality, as the logical copula, will be at once apparent. Ontology or the Theory of Being 2011-04-01T02:00:38.727Z Nature and office of the copula 85 2. A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive 7th Edition, Vol. I 2011-03-01T03:00:43.470Z Each of these eight copulae gives rise to a spore. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The errors of common opinion arise to a great extent from the ambiguous use of the verb “to be,” which may imply existence or be merely the copula which connects subject and predicate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z A brilliant crescent moon hung in the steel blue eastern sky, above the stables, the copulas of which cut sharply into the air. The Undying Past It is not necessary in every proposition, but it is necessary in the arrangement of a syllogism, to extricate the terms of its propositions from the copula; e.g. mortal—man—Socrates. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 5 "Arculf" to "Armour, Philip" The heaping up of substantives without a copula is not uncommon in Lucretius. Readings from Latin Verse With Notes He had been known to continue one sentence for ten minutes, his oratorical method being to substitute copulas for full stops. Years of Plenty He thinks his fate alien, because the copula is hidden. The Voice of Science in Nineteenth-Century Literature Representative Prose and Verse The hair at the back of his head was cropped to the roots, and displayed the shape of the powerful skull, which was posed on the ruddy full neck like the copula of a dome. The Undying Past A verb may be said to be Hypercategorematic, implying, as it does, not only a term, but also a copula. Logic, Inductive and Deductive Unwilling to discard the strictly unitary views of these chemists, or to adopt the copulae theory of Berzelius, he revived the notion of radicals in a new form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The first division of propositions is into Affirmative and Negative, the copula in the latter being is not. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic Sometimes, to make his sense unmistakable, he will repeat a whole formula, with only a change in the copula. Hours in a Library New Edition, with Additions. Vol. II (of 3) The theme in confirmation must always admit of being expressed in a logical ——, with subject, predicate, and copula. English Synonyms and Antonyms With Notes on the Correct Use of Prepositions If it must not be left out altogether, and we cannot put it with the copula, we have a choice between the two terms. Logic, Inductive and Deductive The doctrine of copulae was discarded, and in 1859 emphasis was given to the view that all organic compounds were derivatives of inorganic by simple substitution processes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" When, as in mathematics, important consequences seem to follow from them, such really follow from the tacit assumption, through the ambiguity of the copula, of the real existence of the object named. Analysis of Mr. Mill's System of Logic From this it follows, that whenever there is a conjunction, there are two subjects, two copulas, and two predicates: i.e., two propositions in all their parts. A Handbook of the English Language Some logicians, among whom may be mentioned Hobbes, state this distinction differently; they recognize only one form of copula, is, and attach the negative sign to the predicate. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive But the two alternatives are propositions, and if "A is" represents a proposition, the "is" is not the Syllogistic copula. Logic, Inductive and Deductive A promise of marriage, followed by copula, also constitutes a marriage. Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc Dismissing, for the present, the copula, of which more will be said hereafter, every proposition, then, consists of at least two names; brings together two names, in a particular manner. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive (Vol. 1 of 2) When this takes place, and any question arises as to the construction, they must be exhibited in their fully expanded form, i.e., the second subject, the second predicate, and the second copula must be supplied. A Handbook of the English Language The copula is the sign denoting that there is an affirmation or denial, and thereby enabling the hearer or reader to distinguish a proposition from any other kind of discourse. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive Like the combining power of Life, the copula here resists for awhile the attempts to dissolve it, and then yields, to reappear in new phenomena. Hints towards the formation of a more comprehensive theory of life. Relative.—In this system the formal relation is taken, that is, the copula may be any whatever. A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume I The verb is never used, as the mere logical copula or connecting word, is, was, etc., is used with the Greeks, Latins, and ourselves. Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry I on the fence, he down below, And thou the copula, my trouser, I thought he never would let go,— This gentle Towser. The Dog's Book of Verse Dismissing, for the present, the copula, of which more will be said hereafter, every proposition, then, consists of at least two names—brings together two names, in a particular manner. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive For this spirit of the whole is most expressed in that part which derives its importance as an End from its importance as a Mean, relatively to all the parts under the same copula. Hints towards the formation of a more comprehensive theory of life. The logicians will not see that their formal proposition, "Every X is Y," is material in three points, the degree of assertion, the quantity of the proposition, and the copula. A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume I In such a case as this, the verb expresses predication and nothing else, and is called a copula. Hume (English Men of Letters Series) Again, adjectives are used as intransitive verbs, as in most Indian languages there is no verb to be used as a predicant or copula. On the Evolution of Language First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-80, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 1-16 It is apt to be supposed that the copula is something more than a mere sign of predication; that it also signifies existence. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive The proposition is composed of two terms and the copula, one term constituting the subject of the proposition and the other the predicate. Ontario Normal School Manuals: Science of Education We may, then, state the following rule for the conversion of propositions in which the whole relation explicitly stated is taken as the copula: Transpose the terms, and for the given relation substitute its reciprocal. Logic Deductive and Inductive It may be remarked, not only from this example, but from general study, that the verb "to be" as a copula or predicant does not have any place in sign language. Sign Language Among North American Indians Compared With That Among Other Peoples And Deaf-Mutes First Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1879-1880, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1881, pages 263-552 The Canonists attributed a truly immense importance to the copula carnalis, as they technically termed it. Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6 Sex in Relation to Society How to beget a male or female child; and of the Embryo and perfect Birth; and the fittest time for the copula. The Works of Aristotle the Famous Philosopher Containing his Complete Masterpiece and Family Physician; his Experienced Midwife, his Book of Problems and his Remarks on Physiognomy To be, however, is not always a pure copula. Composition-Rhetoric Some writers have classed adjectives with verbs; because, with a neuter verb for the copula, they often form logical predicates: as, "Vices are contagious." The Grammar of English Grammars For each of these departments of nature an original force in universal nature is assumed—gravity, light, and their copula, universal life. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time Is it enough to call it a copula, a bridge, a link, a word connecting sentences? The Spirit of the Age Contemporary Portraits The sign used can never stand for the copula! An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic Among the incomplete intransitive verbs the most conspicuous are the copula and the copulative verbs. Composition-Rhetoric Is some would call the grammatical predicate, and "Such is," or is such, the logical; but the latter consists, as the majority teach, of "the copula" is, and "the attribute," or "predicate," such. The Grammar of English Grammars The higher unity of gravity and light is the copula or life, the principle of the organic, of animated corporeality or the processes of growth and reproduction, irritability, and sensibility. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time How admirable a symbol of the dependence of all 'copula' on the higher powers of the mind, with the single exception of the succession in time and the accidental relations of space. Literary Remains, Volume 1 To speak in the language of grammarians, the copula is that of symbolic relationship, not that of existence; or, to speak in the language of the street, 'is' here means, as it often does, 'represents.' Expositions of Holy Scripture : St. Matthew Chaps. IX to XXVIII In logic, the asserting word is called the copula—it shows that the two ideas are coupled into a thought—and the word expressing the idea asserted is called the predicate. Higher Lessons in English A work on English grammar and composition The copula then may always be regarded as pure, that is, as indicating mere agreement or disagreement between the two terms of the proposition. Deductive Logic Galvanism forms the transition to living nature, in which through the operation of the "copula" these three dynamical categories are raised to organic categories. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time Thus, in the line from 'Julius Caesar' "Then burst his mighty heart," priority is given to a word embodying both predicate and copula. The Philosophy of Style It MAY be that some parts of the world are connected so loosely with some other parts as to be strung along by nothing but the copula AND. Pragmatism Logically, it is merely the copula of a judgement. The Critique of Pure Reason This division is excluded by the view which has just been taken of the copula, as being always simply affirmative or simply negative. Deductive Logic To these two forces, however, still a third factor must be added as their copula, which determines the relation or measure of their connection. History of Modern Philosophy From Nicolas of Cusa to the Present Time It is true that the general habit of our language resists this arrangement of predicate, copula and subject; but we may readily find instances of the additional force gained by conforming to it. The Philosophy of Style There was no visible copula of the tablet with cones; no antennae between it and the circled shields. The Metal Monster In the first series of propositions the word 'is' is really the copula; in the second, the verb of existence. Parmenides Instead of the mode being attached to the copula, it may be considered as itself constituting the predicate, so that the above propositions would be analysed thus— That A is B, is possible. Deductive Logic In English the majority of sentences are independent and in apposition to one another; they are laid side by side or slightly connected by the copula. Cratylus As a verb, it does duty as predicate and copula combined. The Soul of the Far East There are two kinds of copula, one for affirmative and one for negative statements. Deductive Logic Materially the copula is expressed by some part of the verb 'to be,' with or without the negative, or else is wrapped up in some inflexional form of a verb. Deductive Logic We therefore recognise predication as being of two kinds—affirmation and negation—corresponding to which there are two forms of copula. Deductive Logic In this use it is predicate as well as copula, as when we say 'God is,' which may be analysed, if we please, into 'God is existent.' Deductive Logic For such an unnecessary part of speech as a real copula does not exist in Japanese. The Soul of the Far East The material form of the copula is an accident of language, and a matter of indifference to logic. Deductive Logic We have laid down above that there are two kinds of copula, affirmative and negative: but some logicians have maintained that the copula is always affirmative. Deductive Logic It is precisely on a par with Hobbes's theory of the copula in a simple proposition being always affirmative. Deductive Logic Another usual division of propositions is into Pure and Modal, the latter being those in which the copula is modified by some degree of probability. Deductive Logic What looks at first, therefore, like a copula turns out to be merely an impersonal intransitive verb. The Soul of the Far East We seem therefore driven to admit that there are as many different kinds of copula as there are different degrees of assurance with which a statement may be made. Deductive Logic If degrees of probability can thus be eliminated from the copula, much more so can expressions of time, which may always be regarded as forming part of the predicate. Deductive Logic Here we see that 'boils' is equivalent to the noun 'boiling' together with the copula 'is,' which declares its agreement with the noun 'kettle.' Deductive Logic It is because all propositions are not affirmative that we require a copula at all. Deductive Logic The want of a copula is another instance of the primitive character of the tongue. The Soul of the Far East
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