| 单词 | condyle |
| 例句 | On either side of the foramen magnum is an oval-shaped occipital condyle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z So Mr. Engelman turned to the occipital condyle, the joint that helps connect an animal’s skull with its spine. Earth’s Largest Rodents Were Smaller Than We Once Thought 2022-06-14T04:00:00Z The Clippers said Mbah a Moute underwent a partial medial meniscectomy, with a medial femoral condyle chondroplasty procedure in New York that was performed by Dr. Riley Williams at the Hospital for Special Surgery. Clippers get reality check after Bucks snap their six-game win streak 2019-03-29T04:00:00Z The missing piece — a bulge called a condyle — was the price of discovery. When Calif. builders dig, paleontologists are there to bag the fossils — even whales 2017-03-10T05:00:00Z After preclinical testing in a caprine model, a pilot clinical study was initiated where the biomaterials system was combined with standard microfracture surgery in 15 patients with focal cartilage defects on the medial femoral condyle. [Research Articles] Human Cartilage Repair with a Photoreactive Adhesive-Hydrogel Composite 2013-01-09T19:55:10.827Z These condyles form joints with the first cervical vertebra and thus support the skull on top of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z He discovered that the occipital condyle width was an accurate predictor of their dimensions. Earth’s Largest Rodents Were Smaller Than We Once Thought 2022-06-14T04:00:00Z Of 12 specimens studied, the tympanic bullae of six touch the surface of the table when the skull rests on the tips of the incisors and the occipital condyles. The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico 2012-04-06T02:00:23.953Z The condyle is greatly elevated above the alveolar border; its articular surface is very wide transversely, and narrow and convex from before backwards. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 6 "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" 2012-03-15T02:00:32.250Z The inferior extremity, transversely enlarged, presents an undulating articular surface, which reminds us of the trochlea and the condyle of the human humerus; on which, however, the condyle is more sharply defined from the trochlea. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z With the mouth closed, the mandibular condyle and articular disc are located within the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Ossification follows in the regions of the semicircular canals and occipital condyles. Neotropical Hylid Frogs, Genus Smilisca 2011-10-24T02:00:14.853Z The rest of the condyle, on each side, is formed by the exoccipitals. A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America) 2011-09-25T02:00:14.967Z The exoccipitals form the two condyles but there are no foramina for the 11th and 12th nerves, since these are not separate in modern Amphibia. The Ancestry of Modern Amphibia: A Review of the Evidence 2011-09-10T02:00:27.077Z In the human skeleton, the internal lip of the trochlea descends lower than the external; and also lower than the condyle. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The net result is a forward and downward motion of the condyle and mandibular depression. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bone is always a little curved, has always a rounded, articular head, and rounded distal condyles. Dragons of the Air An Account of Extinct Flying Reptiles 2011-02-20T03:00:13.067Z Posteriorly, this bone forms the ventral part of the occipital condyle. A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America) 2011-09-25T02:00:14.967Z Lower jaw with a high ascending branch, broad transversely placed condyle, and high slender coronoid process. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z At the inferior extremity the condyle, although not large, is recognisable; for it is separated from the trochlea by a depression in form of a groove. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The rotation results because the lateral condyle of the femur is slightly smaller than the medial condyle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The inner condyle, the intercondylar sulcus, and a portion only of its outer condyle, articulate with corresponding facets of the tibia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The skull generally lacks a sagittal crest; and the condyle of the lower jaw is transversely elongated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" The supraorbital ridges are not very massive, although prominent to such a degree that, when the skull rests on the occipital condyles and on the teeth, the plane of the orbits is almost vertical. A Bilateral Division of the Parietal Bone in a Chimpanzee; with a Special Reference to the Oblique Sutures in the Parietal In contrast to the condition found in man, the condyle descends to a level a little below that of the internal lip of the trochlea. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z Thus, the lateral condyle finishes its rolling motion first, followed by the medial condyle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The outer condyle articulates mainly with the fibula. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z Odontoid process of second vertebra semi-cylindrical; skull with a sagittal crest; and the condyle of the lower jaw rounded. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" A second character of this group consists in the presence of two occipital 'condyles', or processes by means of which the skull articulates with the spine or vertebral column; Reptiles possessing one condyle only. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli At the inferior extremity, the trochlea is large; the portion corresponding to the condyle of the humerus in man is, in proportion to the latter, of small extent. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z They are attached to their tibial condyles, but do not attach to the femur. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Its proximal end forms a shallow cup for articulation with the outer condyle of the humerus; the distal end bears a knob which fits into the radial carpal. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The biceps loop is tendinous and the distal end attaches to a protuberance on the posterolateral edge of the femur at the proximal edge of the external condyle. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study The remaining causes are occupation, especially that of a jockey, and traumatism, the condition being very likely to supervene after accidents involving the condyles of the femur. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Its superior aspect, concavo-convex, moulded on the inferior articular surface of the humerus, presents internally two cavities, which receive the lips of the trochlea, and, externally, another, smaller, cavity, which receives the condyle. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The menisci provide padding between the bones and help to fill the gap between the round femoral condyles and flattened tibial condyles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The condyles of the tibia are in reality not parts of this bone, but are the three proximal tarsalia which fuse together and with the distal end of the tibia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The insertion is fleshy along the posterior surface of the femur from the level of the insertion of the m. piriformis distally to the medial surface of the internal condyle. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study If the condition be not attended to, the outer condyle becomes gradually atrophied, owing to the increased weight transmitted through it, and the inner condyle becomes lengthened. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The radius articulates with the trochlea and the condyle, having appropriated a portion of the ulna, as is proved by the presence of the coronoid process, which belongs to the former. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z Each ligament runs diagonally upward to attach to the inner aspect of a femoral condyle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This runs down the anterior and outer side of the upper arm, and is attached to the proximal tendon of the extensor metacarpi radialis longus, a little below the outer condyle of the humerus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The insertion is at the point of origin of the pars media of the m. gastrocnemius on the posteromedial surface of the proximal end of the internal condyle of the femur. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study The postglenoid process of the skull so strongly developed, and the glenoid fossa so deep, that the condyle of the lower jaw is firmly held in place after the soft parts are removed. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The inferior extremity is formed by two condyles, an internal and an external; between which is found a median crest. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The medial and lateral menisci provide padding and support between the femoral condyles and tibial condyles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The foramen magnum, occipital condyles, and exoccipitals show no unusual features. Systematic Status of a South American Frog, Allophryne ruthveni Gaige The posterior head arises by a short, strong tendon from a small pit on the anterodistal edge of the external condyle of the femur. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study The condyle of the lower jaw is a transversely placed half-cylinder working in a deep glenoid fossa of corresponding form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" We have just said that the trochlea is continuous without interruption with the condyles; this is accurate. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z A combination of gliding and hinge motions of the mandibular condyle allows for elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, and side-to- side motions of the lower jaw. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When the upper end of the tibia is absent, the fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The anterior branch passes over the lateral surface of the external condyle to the posterior surface of the tarsometatarsus and there unites with the tendon of the m. flexor perforatus digiti III. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study The condyle is broken away, but the coronoid process and the angle are preserved. On The Affinities of Leptarctus primus of Leidy American Museum of Natural History, Vol. VI, Article VIII, pp. 229-331. The trochlea, narrow as a whole, is clearly separate from the condyles by a very marked constriction. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The posterior projection is the condylar process of the mandible, which is topped by the oval-shaped condyle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Congenital Dislocations at the Elbow.—The head of the radius may be dislocated forwards, backwards, or laterally—usually in association with imperfect development of the radius and of the lateral condyle of the humerus. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Near the distal end of the tibia the muscle gives rise to the tendon of insertion that passes through a groove on the anterolateral edge of the tibia just above the external condyle. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study The condyle is not preserved, and the angle is somewhat damaged, but it was apparently not so strongly inflected as in the Raccoon. On The Affinities of Leptarctus primus of Leidy American Museum of Natural History, Vol. VI, Article VIII, pp. 229-331. On the inferior surface of the human occipital bone are found, at the level of, and external to, the condyles two bony elevations which bear the name of jugular eminences. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z These emerge on the inferior aspect of the skull at the base of the occipital condyle and provide passage for an important nerve to the tongue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Sometimes the condyle of the lower jaw is driven through the base of the skull by a blow or fall on the chin, and fissures radiate into the base from the glenoid cavity. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The origin is by a long, strong tendon from a small tubercle just medial to, and at the proximal end of, the external condyle of the femur. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study Thus the condyle of the human jaw would become larger than the body of the jaw, because as the fulcrum of the lever it receives more pressure. Are the Effects of Use and Disuse Inherited? An Examination of the View Held by Spencer and Darwin In the carnivora, a rather strong process, which is directed backwards, occupies the angle of the inferior maxilla; it is, accordingly, situated below the region of the condyle. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The superior articular processes face upward and are deeply curved for articulation with the occipital condyles on the base of the skull. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This deformity may be acquired as a result of rickets, but more commonly it is due to fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus, in which the separated fragment has been displaced upwards. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Immediately above the external condyle of the tibiotarsus this tendon divides. Myology and Serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae A Taxonomic Study Again, in order to enable the jaw to seize with facility, a certain form of condyle is necessary, and the zygomatic arch must be well developed to give attachment to the masseter muscle. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 15 — Science In the ox and the sheep, the condyle is lower than the trochlea, but only very little lower. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The atlanto-occipital joint is formed by the articulations between the superior articular processes of the atlas and the occipital condyles on the base of the skull. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In a few cases the condyle has been driven through the floor of the glenoid cavity, causing fracture of the base of the skull. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Operation.—A line drawn from the centre of the space between the tuberosity of the ischium or the great trochanter to a corresponding point between the condyles of the femur will give the direction. A Manual of the Operations of Surgery For the Use of Senior Students, House Surgeons, and Junior Practitioners Robert Hill, aged 16, received a blow yesterday from a bone which was thrown at him, upon the outer condyle of the humerus. An Essay on the Application of the Lunar Caustic in the Cure of Certain Wounds and Ulcers The humerus is long and twisted in the shape of an S. The inferior articular surface has the form of a simple pulley, for the condyle is very slightly marked. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z This disc serves to smooth the movements between the temporal bone and mandibular condyle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To inject iodoform or other anti-tuberculous agent, the needle of the syringe is easily introduced between the lateral condyle and the head of the radius. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The ulnar nerve to be carefully turned over the inner condyle. A Manual of the Operations of Surgery For the Use of Senior Students, House Surgeons, and Junior Practitioners In another of which I took notes, the bullet entered over the outer aspect of the head of the radius, to emerge just above the internal condyle anteriorly. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre This surface is narrower in its middle portion than at its extremities, where it bifurcates to go upwards to the two trochanters, and downwards to the two condyles. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z Figure 9.15 Temporomandibular Joint The temporomandibular joint is the articulation between the temporal bone of the skull and the condyle of the mandible, with an articular disc located between these bones. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When the joint is distended with fluid, this upper pouch bulges above and on either side of the patella, and this bone is “floated” off the condyles of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. "In a word, the form of the tooth implies the form of the condyle; that of the shoulder blade that of the claws, just as the equation of a curve implies all its properties." Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The bullet passed onwards through the base of the skull, crossing the external auditory meatus, fracturing the zygoma and probably the condyle of the mandible, and eventually lodged beneath the masseter muscle. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre The trochlea is still more independent of the condyles than in the human femur; it is separated from these latter by a slight constriction. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The medial tibiofemoral joint and lateral tibiofemoral joint are located between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The upper end of the bone shows the condition of coxa vara; the lower end shows enlargement of the medial condyle and alteration in the axis of the articular surface. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The condyle of the lower jaw is so broad, and fits so accurately into its socket, the glenoid cavity, that there can be no departure from the up and down scissor-like action. Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon In the case of the mandible, a remark has already been made as to the advisability of removing fragments when the neck of the condyle has suffered comminution. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre At the inferior and external part of this surface is situated a cavity which surmounts the corresponding condyle, and is known as the supracondyloid fossa. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints are the articulations between the rounded condyles of the femur and the relatively flat condyles of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Multiple small foci may be found beneath the articular cartilage of the tibia, or along the margins of the femoral condyles—especially the medial. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The ball-like condyle for articulation of the neck lies far underneath, at the base of the frill, almost in the middle of the skull. Dinosaurs With Special Reference to the American Museum Collections Entry, at the outer side of the thigh, 5 inches above the lower extremity of the external condyle; exit, at the inner margin of the adductors, at a level 4 inches higher in the thigh. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre On the internal part of the same region there are a series of tubercles, which, because of their position in relation to the corresponding condyle, constitute the supracondyloid crest. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z During flexion and extension motions, the condyles of the femur both roll and glide over the surfaces of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The articular cartilage of the lateral condyle and the lateral meniscus are usually thickened. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The nerve slips forward, and may be felt lying on the medial aspect of the condyle. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In one case a Martini-Henry was found impacted between the femoral condyles, having slipped in beneath the margin of the patella. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre On the inferior extremity of the femur are two condyles and a trochlea; the condyles are clearly separated from this latter by a marked constriction. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The rolling action produces flexion or extension, while the gliding action serves to maintain the femoral condyles centered over the tibial condyles, thus ensuring maximal bony, weight-bearing support for the femur in all knee positions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The condyles may be felt to move upon one another, and coarse crepitus, which has been likened to the feeling of a bag of beans, may be elicited if the fragments are comminuted. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The roughness due to fibrillation of the articular cartilages causes coarse friction on moving the joint, or, in the knee, on moving the patella on the condyles of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The pathognomonic symptom here is recognition of crepitation, but this may be very difficult to recognize in fracture of condyles, and in such instances, a careful examination is necessary. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 In the horse it is inserted into the internal surface of the internal condyle of the femur. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z These ligaments are anchored inferiorly to the tibia at the intercondylar eminence, the roughened area between the tibial condyles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If the periosteum is not torn, there is little or no displacement, but as a rule the clinical features closely resemble those of transverse fracture above the condyles, or of dislocation of the elbow. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In recent cases the arm may be placed in the extended position with a pad over the condyle, care being taken to avoid pressure on the nerve. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. They arise from the lateral aspects of the femur, just above the condyles and are inserted to the corresponding surfaces of the patella. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 The popliteus arises from the external surface of the external condyle of the femur. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The roughened area on the outer, lateral side of the condyle is the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Fracture of either Condyle alone.—The lateral condyle or trochlea is more frequently separated from the rest of the bone than is the medial or capitellum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Failing relief, it is better to make a bed for the nerve by dividing the deep fascia behind the medial condyle and to stitch the edges of the fascia over the nerve. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. If the immediate region of the head of the bone is involved as well as in case of fracture of the condyles, an incurable arthritis ensues. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 In the horse, this origin takes place in a depression situated above the external condyle, in the supracondyloid fossa. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z Similarly, the smooth region of the distal and posterior medial femur is the medial condyle of the femur, and the irregular outer, medial side of this is the medial epicondyle of the femur. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z T- or Y-shaped fractures and fractures of the condyles, inasmuch as they implicate the articular surfaces, present greater difficulties in treatment, but they are treated on the same lines as the supra-condylar. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Dislocations of the lower jaw are recognized by the failure of the teeth to fit their fellows of the upper jaw, and by the detection of the condyles of the jaw beneath the ears. Gilbertus Anglicus Medicine of the Thirteenth Century In addition to the usual provision for articulation of bones there are situated cartilaginous menisci between the condyles of the femur and the head of the tibia. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 The skull is almost balanced on the condyles by which it articulates with the neck, and has but slight tendency to tip forward. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia to form the knee joint. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The radius and ulna pass backward, the coronoid process coming to rest opposite the olecranon fossa behind the humerus, and the head of the radius behind the lateral condyle. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. As we bend our heads, the occipital condyles revolve or glide on the sockets of the atlas. A Book of Exposition Anatomy.—The condyles of the humerus articulate with the glenoid cavities of the radius and a portion of the ulna. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 In this operation a portion of the median nerve is excised on the inside of the elbow-joint just below the internal condyle of the humerus. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The two sides of this expansion form the medial condyle of the tibia and the lateral condyle of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Medial and Lateral Dislocations.—Dislocation towards the ulnar side is always incomplete, some portion of the articular surface of the bones of the forearm remaining in contact with the condyles. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Merely two parts of the brim of the cup have been preserved to provide a socket for the condyles or ball. A Book of Exposition Boullard reports a deformity of the visage, resulting in a deficiency of the condyles of the lower jaw. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine The pair of condyles articulates with the superior extremity of the leg bone. Common Diseases of Farm Animals The top surface of each condyle is smooth and flattened. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Dislocation of the ulna alone is a rare injury, and is usually associated with fracture of one or other of its processes or of the inner condyle. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The two occipital condyles represent part of the ball which fits into the cup formed by the atlas. A Book of Exposition The leg had been seized obliquely, and the teeth had gone across the joints, wounding the condyles of the femur. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine The inner border of the patella is thicker and more prominent than the outer, which slopes down toward its condyle. A Practical Physiology These areas articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The forearm is lengthened, the elbow slightly flexed, the posterior aspect of the joint flattened, and the condyles, in their abnormal relationship, can be palpated from behind. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. We have seen among the Carnivora, whose jaws have so much work to do, that the condyles of the jawbone are sunk deeply into the fossa of the temporal bone. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals The right humerus was fractured at the external condyle; there was a fracture of the coronoid process of the ulna, and a backward dislocation at the elbow. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine A, palate process of upper jawbone; B, zygoma, forming zygomatic arch; C, condyle for forming articulation with atlas; D, foramen magnum; E, occipital bone. A Practical Physiology Between the articulating surfaces of the tibial condyles is the intercondylar eminence, an irregular, elevated area that serves as the inferior attachment point for two supporting ligaments of the knee. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is produced by severe force acting from behind on the flexed elbow, the ulna being driven forward, tearing the ligaments of the joint and the muscles attached to the condyles. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The extremity of the jaw bends, and forms a kind of little knob, called condyle, which fits into a cavity of the temporal bone. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals I darted my eye to the elbow, and saw the outer condyle visibly affecting the shape, as in nature. Little Memoirs of the Nineteenth Century Its lower end is broad and irregularly shaped, having two prominences called condyles, separated by a groove, the whole fitted for forming a hinge joint with the bones of the lower leg and the knee-cap. A Practical Physiology Ossification of the distal end of the femur, to form the condyles and epicondyles, begins shortly before birth. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If there is difficulty in replacing the broken condyle and maintaining it in position, it may be fixed by means of a steel nail inserted through the skin. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The foramen and the shape of the condyle ought to have suggested it at once. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 The temporomandibular joint is the articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the skull temporal bone. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The working of the condyle of the lower jaw vertically and from side to side can be distinctly felt and seen in front of the ear. A Practical Physiology The femoral head fuses between the ages of 14–17 years, whereas the distal condyles of the femur are the last to fuse, between the ages of 16–19 years. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The head of the tibia projects on the medial side, and the medial condyle is in a depression. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints, between the condyles of the femur and condyles of the tibia, are modified hinge joints that allow for knee extension and flexion. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During these movements, the condyles of the femur both roll and glide over the surface of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When the mouth is opened wide, the condyle advances out of the glenoid cavity, and returns to its socket when the mouth is shut. A Practical Physiology The expanded distal end consists of three articulating surfaces: the medial and lateral condyles, and the patellar surface. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The condyles of the femur are palpable posteriorly, and the skin is tightly stretched over them, or may even be torn, rendering the dislocation compound. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Two intracapsular ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament, span between the tibia and the inner aspects of the femoral condyles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The medial and lateral menisci, located between the femoral and tibial condyles, are articular discs that provide padding and improve the fit between the bones. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In extension of the knee, the patella is nearly all above the condyles. A Practical Physiology The outside margins of the condyles are the medial and lateral epicondyles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Towards the posterior aspect of the medial condyle there is a wedge-shaped sequestrum, of which the surface exposed to the joint is polished like porcelain. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The knee joint is formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When the tibia passes medially, the lateral condyle of the femur forms a prominence, and there is a depression below it. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The olecranon and the triceps tendon form a marked prominence on the back of the elbow, the tip of the olecranon lying above and behind the condyles. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The proximal tibia consists of the expanded medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The semilunar menisci are two crescentic plates of white fibro-cartilage, which lie upon the upper end of the tibia, and serve to deepen the articular surface for the condyles of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Ring pads are applied to take pressure off the condyles, the head of the fibula, the malleoli, and the prominence of the heel, and a large supporting pad is placed behind the tendo calcaneus. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The knee is broadened, and pain and crepitus are readily elicited on moving the condyles upon one another or on pressing them together. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The condyles of the humerus bear their normal relations to one another. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The head of the fibula forms the proximal end and articulates with the underside of the lateral condyle of the tibia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It may even slip past the condyle and into the intercondyloid notch, and come to lie against the cruciate ligaments. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In the earlier stages the condyle is usually hypertrophied and distorted, and the glenoid cavity is correspondingly broadened and flattened, and in time may be filled up by new bone. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The enlarged condyle may be felt in front of the ear, and there is pain and cracking on movement; the pain is worst at night and in wet weather. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Replacement is effected by keeping up firm pressure at the back of the condyle with the mouth open, and slowly closing the jaw. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. On the lateral side, the smooth portion that covers the distal and posterior aspects of the lateral expansion is the lateral condyle of the femur. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Sometimes the meniscus is split from end to end, the outer crescent remaining in position, while the inner crescent passes in between the condyles and lies curled up against the cruciate ligaments. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Excision of the condyle may be advisable when non-operative measures have failed to give relief. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Just in front of the auditory meatus a deep hollow can be felt, and in front of this the condyle forms an undue projection. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In some cases it is necessary to excise the condyle to restore movement. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Posteriorly, the medial and lateral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the intercondylar fossa. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The separated condyle may not be displaced, or it may be pushed upwards or rotated on its transverse axis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The hollow behind the condyle and the projection of the chin persist. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The condyle slips into position, sometimes with a distinct snap. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Treatment.—When the cause of the fixation is in the joint itself, the best treatment is to resect one or both condyles. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Anteriorly, the smooth surfaces of the condyles join together to form a wide groove called the patellar surface, which provides for articulation with the patella bone. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z One or other of the condyles may be chipped off by forcible adduction or abduction at the knee. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In flexion the tendon rises on to the lateral condyle of the femur. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. When difficulty is experienced in levering the condyle from its abnormal position, a cork may be placed between the molar teeth on each side to act as a fulcrum. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It is treated by incision and scraping, or by excision of the condyle. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It articulates with the inferior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If allowed to unite with the condyle displaced, the articular surface is oblique and bow- or knock-knee results. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In the later stages, the condyle, together with the meniscus, may be worn away and completely disappear. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The external carotid artery passes through the substance of the parotid, and bifurcates opposite the neck of the condyle into the temporal and internal maxillary arteries. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. |
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