| 单词 | conductivity |
| 例句 | What makes this phenomenon less remarkable is the relatively little- known fact that dehydrated wood has an extremely low heat content and very poor heat conductivity. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z It can’t be controlled voluntarily, as can skin conductivity, respiration, and cardiac rate.” Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? 1968-01-02T00:00:00Z Of course, quasi-religious talk about mind control is more appealing than a discussion of heat content and conductivity. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z His experiments with electrical conductivity were a century ahead of their time, but unfortunately remained undiscovered until that century had passed. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z “They have more sweat glands, which interferes with conductivity.” An Anthropologist Investigates How We Think About How We Think 2018-12-29T05:00:00Z “Electromagnetic mapping and the conductivity of the soil don’t necessarily correlate to anything,” said Baker. Before the vines go in, it’s busy down on Old Westminster’s farm 2017-06-16T04:00:00Z The fats may act as a mild blood thinner, and may even reduce the risk of sudden cardiac arrest by improving the electrical conductivity of heart cells. What You Need To Know About Fish Oil 2010-03-09T21:30:00Z In March, Beasley will do electromagnetic mapping to measure the soil’s electrical conductivity. How does a top-rated winery in Maryland get even better? Buy a farm. 2017-01-13T05:00:00Z Not only does plastic taste different, but it also has a lower thermal conductivity, a property that makes it feel warmer than glass, reducing the satisfaction of drinking an ice-cold beer. Mark Miodownik: an obsession with materials 2013-05-24T15:53:00Z These electrically charged atoms in the air vastly improve conductivity. What goes on when lightning strikes? 2013-05-25T23:07:12Z Under normal operational circumstances, this coating maintains electrical conductivity. Preventing hydrogen vehicle aging during sudden stops 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z By carefully engineering the laser light's properties, researchers have been able to drastically modify the electrical conductivity and optical properties of different materials. Vacuum in optical cavity can change material's magnetic state without laser excitation 2023-11-03T04:00:00Z It is believed that their new findings will enable the creation of batteries based on a novel chloride-based solid electrolyte that exhibits exceptional ionic conductivity. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z While there have been efforts in tuning thermal conductivity, their performances have suffered due to reliance on moving parts, ionic motions, or liquid solution components. Researchers develop solid-state thermal transistor for better heat management 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Known as 'resistive memory switching', this function is created when electrical inputs encounter changes in conductivity, similar to what happens with synapses in our brain. Nanowire 'brain' network learns and remembers 'on the fly' 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z The research included considerations of how the performance of dry electrode sensors is affected by the contact area, conductivity, and stability of the electrical contact. Wearing your heart (monitor) on your sleeve 2023-10-31T04:00:00Z To do this, researchers placed the sample of magnetic material in a liquid with ionic conductivity and applied the voltage to the liquid via two platinum plates, without connecting any wires directly to the sample. Wireless device makes magnetism appear in non-magnetic materials 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z To make solid-state batteries practical for everyday use, it is crucial to develop materials with high ionic conductivity, robust chemical and electrochemical stability, and mechanical flexibility. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z "An n value higher than four means materials have a narrower band gap and higher electrical conductivity ⎯ a crucial factor for application in electronic devices." Breakthrough synthesis method improves solar cell stability 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z In simple terms, it takes a lot of energy for electrons to reach the level required for conduction in these materials, so they maintain their normal conductivity even when hot. What It Takes to Grow Crystals in Space 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z The 'wonder material' graphene is well-known for its high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. Researchers demonstrate a high-speed electrical readout method for graphene nanodevices 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z However, these methods often resulted in a considerable decrease in ion conductivity, compromising the overall performance of the electrolyte. Researchers unveil fire-inhibiting nonflammable gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z While previous research successfully led to sulfide and oxide-based solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, none of these materials fully met all these essential requirements. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z To confirm that their result was more than a laboratory artifact, they turned to a technique that measures electrical conductivity, simulating how nerves conduct a signal. And then there were 6 -- kinds of taste, that is 2023-10-05T04:00:00Z This imbalance can lead to aerogels with less uniform conductivity, creating hotspots and failures. What It Takes to Grow Crystals in Space 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z Associate Professor Kosov said understanding the relationship between molecular shape and conductivity will allow basic properties of junctions between molecules and attached metallic conductors to be determined. Electronic sensor the size of a single molecule a potential game-changer 2023-10-03T04:00:00Z This novel approach dramatically increased the lithium ion conductivity by 33% compared to existing liquid electrolytes. Researchers unveil fire-inhibiting nonflammable gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z In the past, scientists have also explored chloride-based solid electrolytes, known for their superior ionic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and stability at high voltages. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z To date, conventional approaches for inhibiting fuel-molecule migration involved an increase of the membrane thickness or sandwiching two-dimensional materials, which in turn reduced the proton conductivity. Efficient fuel-molecule sieving using graphene 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z The process, called the fracture conductivity tuning technique, involves adding materials that could change properties with the temperature, hindering cold water and allowing hot water to flow through the fractures. No shortcuts: New approach may help extract more heat from geothermal reservoirs 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z The thermal conductivity of silver is the highest of common metals. How To Check Silver Authenticity 2018-02-05T05:00:00Z The combination of extremely high electrical conductivity and simultaneously a high Seebeck coefficient leads to record thermoelectric power factor values in nickel-gold alloys, which exceed those of conventional semiconductors by far. Golden future for thermoelectrics 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z They believed the reason trigonal chloride electrolytes can achieve low ionic conductivity is based on the variation of metal ion arrangements within the structure. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z A study published last year led by engineer Yuanwen Jiang, now at the University of Pennsylvania, described a bandage that monitored temperature and conductivity, using the collected data to control delivery of electrotherapy. Electric Bandages Heal Wounds That Won’t Close, Animal Study Shows 2023-07-31T04:00:00Z They include semiconductors in which conductivity increases with temperature, as well as dielectrics, which are insulators that change their charge properties, or “polarize,” in electric fields. Shape-Shifting, Self-Healing Machines Are Among Us 2023-07-26T04:00:00Z A heater just above the probe’s tip will warm up the soil to help determine its thermal conductivity, as well as its density and other physical properties—something critical for future advanced lunar exploration. India Aims for the Moon with Launch of Chandrayaan-3 2023-07-13T04:00:00Z On the one hand, metals such as copper, silver or gold have extremely high electrical conductivity; on the other hand, their Seebeck coefficient is vanishingly small in most cases. Golden future for thermoelectrics 2023-09-18T04:00:00Z This was the first instance where the significance of the metal ions arrangement on a material's ionic conductivity was demonstrated. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z The team’s array of seafloor electrodes, sensitive to the conductivity of water, captured a subducting seamount that appeared to have a conductive interior covered by a thin resistive crust. Undersea mountains help lubricate ‘slow slip’ earthquakes 2023-06-21T04:00:00Z In the continental shelf, electrical conductivity is controlled by the amount of seawater in pores and cracks, as well as the salinity and temperature of that seawater. Found: Giant Freshwater Deposits Hiding under the Sea 2023-06-17T04:00:00Z Because glass is atomically disordered and always changing, any two points on a piece of glass are likely to have slightly different properties – whether it is strength, color, conductivity or something else. Neither a solid nor a liquid, glass is a complicated material still surprising scientists 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z He said graphene - regarded as a super material because of properties including great strength, flexibility and thermal conductivity - is a safe, inert substance that could be added to tyres at a "very, very low price." US startup Carbon Rivers says graphene is the answer to toxic tyre chemical 2023-06-15T04:00:00Z Building on these insights, the research team introduced strategies to design electrolytes in a way that mitigates these conflicting factors, ultimately leading to the successful development of a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity. New designs for solid-state electrolytes may soon revolutionize the battery industry 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z As the conductivity changes in the first sample, it acts like the classic two-plate setup, and the number of possible virtual particles within it varies. How Much Does ‘Nothing’ Weigh? 2023-04-29T04:00:00Z The sodium and chloride ions in salt are charge carriers that enhance conductivity, so salt water conducts better than fresh water. Found: Giant Freshwater Deposits Hiding under the Sea 2023-06-17T04:00:00Z A basic tenet of college physics is that as pressure increases, thermal conductivity—a material's ability to conduct heat—increases, too, because atoms that are squeezed together interact more. Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z This was possible because the white stylet had no copper and therefore no electrical conductivity to be impeded by paring down the receiver in the first place. Medical company’s former CEO indicted for wire and health care fraud over fake implanted device 2023-03-10T05:00:00Z The films had three times the conductivity of Huang’s versions of PBDF, Mei and colleagues report this month in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. Carbon-based conductor could herald cheap, bendable electronics 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z “At the moment,” she says, “you cannot reach the conductivity of gold or platinum or palladium with organic or carbon-based conductors.” E-Waste Could Become a ‘Gold Mine’ for Rare-Earth Elements 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z Not only is fiberglass a more sustainable option, it also has poor thermal conductivity. Enjoy outdoor living year-round with these simple home additions 2022-12-08T05:00:00Z But engineers have now found an exception: when they applied intense pressure to boron arsenide, a recently discovered semiconductor material, thermal conductivity decreased. Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z Water is often sprayed on the suit to boost conductivity. Can electrical stimulation improve your gym workout? 2022-10-02T04:00:00Z However, given the huge leaps in conductivity between different films, he questions the measurements and believes there may have been a flaw in the setup. Carbon-based conductor could herald cheap, bendable electronics 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z Ceramic has the same thermal conductivity as glass and brick. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The loosely held electrons in the resonating π bonds can move throughout the solid and are responsible for the electrical conductivity of graphite. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If other substances show this property, “the established understanding of thermal conductivity might not be correct.” Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z State the question: We need to determine if, at a 0.05 significance level, the average conductivity of the selected glass is greater than one. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z This blend of transparency and conductivity also makes ITO essential in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and smart windows, which change color under electrical fields. Carbon-based conductor could herald cheap, bendable electronics 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z What is the thickness of the lava between the 450ºC surface and the 1200ºC interior, assuming that the lava’s conductivity is the same as that of brick? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z All exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The scientists also calculated that conventional thermal conductivity rules might not apply to it in certain circumstances. Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z It is reasonable to state that the data support the claim that the average conductivity level is greater than one. High School Statistics 2020-03-27T00:00:00Z The National Institute of Standards and Technology provides exact data on conductivity properties of materials. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z The rate of heat transfer by conduction is directly proportional to the surface area A , the temperature difference T2 − T1 , and the substance’s conductivity k . College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Solutions may also conduct electricity if they contain dissolved ions, with conductivity increasing as ion concentration increases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The researchers used ultrafast optics, spectroscopy and x-rays to document how boron arsenide's thermal conductivity begins to decrease as heat propagates across the sample and it is subjected to intense pressure. Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z "Ashes have a low thermal conductivity, consequently, it's not rare for individuals to believe ashes are dead while in reality hot or smouldering embers are still contained within," he added. Cameron House: Men tried to smash window to escape fire 2022-08-16T04:00:00Z It is reasonable to state that the data supports the claim that the average conductivity level is greater than one. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Macroscopic properties, such as heat capacity, latent heat, and thermal conductivity, depend on the arrangements and interactions of the atoms or molecules in a substance. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The conductivity of an electrolyte solution is related to the strength of the electrolyte. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In prior studies, Hu and other researchers identified boron arsenide as having exceptionally high thermal conductivity. Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z K is the heat conductivity—for molten rock, in this case. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z Following are conductivity measurements for 11 randomly selected pieces of a particular type of glass. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z Fur, fiber, and fiberglass also take advantage of the low conductivity of air by trapping it in spaces too small to support convection, as shown in the figure. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Metallic character results from an element’s ability to lose its outer valence electrons and results in high thermal and electrical conductivity, among other physical and chemical properties. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The finding, he adds, “opens up the possibility” of advanced technologies that save energy and cool electronics by controlling thermal conductivity. Strange Material Breaks a Classic Rule of Physics 2023-04-28T04:00:00Z Inserting values for the conductivity K and β = π/RE for time approaching merely thousands of years, only the first few terms make a significant contribution. Calculus, Volume 3 2016-03-30T00:00:00Z State the Question: We need to determine if, at a 0.05 significance level, the average conductivity of the selected glass is greater than one. Introductory Statistics 2013-09-19T00:00:00Z The low conductivity of air makes fur a very good lightweight insulator. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Resonance stabilizes the system and leads to its conductivity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The symbol used for hydraulic conductivity is K. Although hydraulic conductivity can be expressed in a range of different units, in this book, we will always use m/s. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Sliding stones of Racetrack Playa, Death Valley, USA: The roles of rock thermal conductivity and fluctuating water levels. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Both the coals and skin have vastly lower thermal conductivity than, for instance, metal, he said. Walking on Hot Coals: A Company Event Goes Wrong 2022-06-17T04:00:00Z The thermal conductivities of the pavements are the same. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z However, its unusual properties, such as high electron mobility and thermal conductivity, should make it suitable for the manufacture of many advanced electronic devices and for thermal management applications. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The characteristic of permeability of a geological material is quantified by geoscientists and engineers using a number of different units, but the most common is the hydraulic conductivity. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Hydraulic conductivity is another common measure of the connectedness of pore spaces and is a function of both permeability and fluid properties. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z “They look at subsurface conditions such as thermal conductivity to design the geothermal heat pump system,” she said. Geothermal heat pumps are among the most earth-friendly home energy sources, experts say 2022-03-29T04:00:00Z Use Table 14.3 to obtain thermal conductivity values for different substances. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z When smoke enters the chamber, the movement of the ions is impeded, reducing the conductivity of the air. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The researchers mixed the ash with carbon black to improve electrical conductivity, and then placed the mixture in clear quartz tubes 1 to 2 centimeters wide and 5 to 8 centimeters long. An electric jolt salvages valuable metals from waste 2022-02-08T05:00:00Z Because it considers fluid properties, hydraulic conductivity is used by both petroleum geologists and hydrogeologists to describe the production capability of oil reservoirs and aquifers. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z That held true across almost all of the brands that ATK has tested in its review of this workhorse, focusing on those made exclusively or mostly with aluminum, ideal for heat conductivity and lightweight maneuverability. How to clean and care for your sheet pans — and worry less about how they look 2021-09-27T04:00:00Z A combination of material and thickness is often manipulated to develop good insulators—the smaller the conductivity k and the larger the thickness d , the better. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Familiar examples of physical properties include density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The other tool announced on Wednesday helps introduce a small amount of chemical impurity to wafers, which is a key step for all semiconductors to improve electricity conductivity. Applied Materials aims to improve chip production for electric vehicles 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z Unconsolidated gravels, highly fractured and dissolved rocks, and well-sorted sandstones have high hydraulic conductivities. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z But when his team tested the polycrystalline materials, the thermal conductivity shot up, dropping their ZT scores as low as 1.2. Cheap material converts heat to electricity 2021-08-02T04:00:00Z Similarly, the gap between the two panes of a double-paned window is about 1 cm, which prevents convection and takes advantage of air’s low conductivity to prevent greater loss. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Molten salts are used because they possess a number of beneficial properties, including high heat capacities and thermal conductivities. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Because you’re getting higher conductivity and higher energy density, so for the same power and range and energy, you would use less. Ford is betting that solid-state batteries will cut EV costs 2021-05-05T04:00:00Z Darcy’s Law provides a quantitative measure of hydraulic conductivity and discharge. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The heat conductivity identified in the new work can explain smaller heat spikes of a couple of degrees F, though not the massive heat surge in mitochondria, Suzuki says. Mysterious Heat Spikes inside Cells Are Probed with Tiny Diamonds 2021-01-15T05:00:00Z Lastly, the heat transfer rate depends on the material properties described by the coefficient of thermal conductivity. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z What is the expected electrical conductivity of the following solutions? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But once the researchers learned how to pick out a single filament and quickly attach a customized electrode, “We saw really high conductivity,” Meysman says. ‘Electric mud’ teems with new, mysterious bacteria 2020-08-19T04:00:00Z A high hydraulic conductivity indicates a rapid transmission of fluid through an aquifer. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z For the first time, researchers have measured the thermal conductivity—the rate at which heat is conducted—inside human cells. Mysterious Heat Spikes inside Cells Are Probed with Tiny Diamonds 2021-01-15T05:00:00Z Why is ceramic, with a conductivity less than that of a metal but greater than that of a good insulator, an ideal choice for the stove top? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z For reactions involving aqueous electrolytes, rates may be measured via changes in a solution’s conductivity. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Only 21, and already a promising physicist, he continued his studies in Bristol, publishing a key paper on the conductivity of thin metallic films. Why did the atomic spy do it? 2020-08-02T04:00:00Z Instead of the adhesive tape normally used for ECG leads, a hydrogel, which is mostly water, provides both electrical conductivity and sufficient adhesion to the skin. Sibel Health: designing vital-sign sensors for delicate skin 2020-06-29T04:00:00Z The process involves changing the electrical conductivities of semiconductors such as silicon by adding impurities. Versatile strategy for making 2D materials 2020-01-21T05:00:00Z What is the average thickness of its blubber, which has the conductivity of fatty tissues without blood? College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z To improve electrical conductivity without introducing a different redox species, the hydrogen ion concentration of the water is typically increased by addition of a strong acid. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Dubbed Ada, the robot mixed different solutions, cast them in films, performed heat treatments and other processing steps, tested the films' conductivity, evaluated their microstructure, and logged the results. AI-driven robots are making new materials, improving solar cells and other technologies 2019-12-11T05:00:00Z In the early stages of the collaboration on stretchables, Samsung set performance targets for the electrical conductivity of the material that would be required to design viable products. Tomorrow’s industries: from OLEDs to nanomaterials 2019-12-10T05:00:00Z They will be embedded with fibers that turn them translucent and strategically endowed with electrical conductivity that replaces wiring. A 3D printout you could call home 2019-11-23T05:00:00Z Some newer aircraft are constructed using lighter materials that have lower electrical conductivity, such as carbon fibre, which need to be protected - often using wire mesh or foil. Russia crash jet 'struck by lightning' 2019-05-06T04:00:00Z High conductivity indicates a high concentration of total dissolved solids, such as salts, in the water. Underground wastewater pipelines a big, unregulated business 2019-04-27T04:00:00Z He had asked her to refine a key material in solar cells to boost its electrical conductivity. AI-driven robots are making new materials, improving solar cells and other technologies 2019-12-11T05:00:00Z Properties of materials — such as colour, hardness, conductivity, stability, topology or magnetism — exist in certain substances and not others. Beware of plausible predictions of fantasy materials 2019-02-26T05:00:00Z The basic physics is that body parts lose more heat when they’re submerged because the thermal conductivity of water is 25% greater than that of air. Scientists, surfers, and our own reporter team up to design a better wetsuit 2018-11-30T05:00:00Z Liu says he and his colleagues plan to test other electrolyte additives, among other fixes, to boost conductivity. New generation of ‘flow batteries’ could eventually sustain a grid powered by the sun and wind 2018-10-31T04:00:00Z DEP inspectors found a dead frog and a dead salamander in the stream, which had conductivity readings more than 10 times higher than a measurement upstream of the release. Underground wastewater pipelines a big, unregulated business 2019-04-27T04:00:00Z Her own research, for example, relies on temperature and skin conductivity as well as calls and the amount of time spent on a phone to predict mood changes. Can a Mood-Predicting Smartphone App Work? 2018-10-04T04:00:00Z Sahar Sharifzadeh employs computational modelling to find intuitive ways of describing these molecular interactions, which could facilitate the development of organic materials whose electrical conductivity can be controlled with exquisite precision — a characteristic of semiconductors. The world at their feet 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z Frequently, defects induce a large internal conductivity, even if the material is nominally a topological insulator. Topological states engineered in narrow strips of graphene 2018-08-07T04:00:00Z New architectures need to be explored that contain the swelling and shrinkage of electrodes while maintaining their conductivity. Ten years left to redesign lithium-ion batteries 2018-07-24T04:00:00Z This idea is formalized by the Wiedemann–Franz law, which states that electrical conductivity is directly proportional to thermal conductivity divided by temperature. The heat is on for Majorana fermions 2018-07-10T04:00:00Z This much hyped material, which consists of a one-atom-thick layer of carbon and is the basic unit of graphite, is known for its strength, conductivity and other useful properties. The Quirkier Uses of Graphene 2018-06-05T04:00:00Z Similar to atomic force microscopy, the method uses a probe to scan a surface, passing an electrical current through the sample to measure changes in conductivity rather than force. How atomic imaging is being pushed to its limit 2018-03-19T04:00:00Z Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation. Monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices 2018-03-06T05:00:00Z Printable elastic conductors with a high conductivity for electronic textile applications. Skin electronics from scalable fabrication of an intrinsically stretchable transistor array 2018-02-18T05:00:00Z Different applications require different properties, such as elemental composition, crystal structure and conductivity. Use machine learning to find energy materials The conductivity of stretchable polymer semiconductors and conductors must match that of rigid ones. Bring on the bodyNET 2017-09-19T04:00:00Z Another system keeps track of the pH level and electrical conductivity of the plants at all times. Clarksville supplier uses hydroponics to grow produce 2017-08-19T04:00:00Z Richie asks, referring to shoes that supposedly promote conductivity with the earth. Inside Gwyneth Paltrow's first wellness summit, In Goop Health 2017-06-23T04:00:00Z As the battery was charged and discharged repeatedly, lithium was progressively incorporated into the electrode, causing it to lose its crystalline structure and weakening its conductivity. Track batteries degrading in real time 2017-06-20T04:00:00Z This gain or loss in conductivity is translated into a diagnosis. One Day, a Machine Will Smell Whether You’re Sick 2017-05-01T04:00:00Z Lithium salt is usually added to enhance its conductivity. Make perovskite solar cells stable 2017-04-10T04:00:00Z They tested this in a sodium-metal battery and observed high conductivity at room temperature — a step towards increased power — and high stability over 56 cycles. Energy: Sodium battery packs a punch : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-21T04:00:00Z TPP dampens the electrolyte’s conductivity, so the researchers designed a capsule to keep the two components separate. Molecular fire extinguisher could prevent batteries from exploding 2017-01-13T05:00:00Z It is possible that the graphene flakes could move inside the liquid-like putty in such a way that they stick together, reducing their electrical conductivity. Mix of Graphene With ‘Silly Putty’ Yields Extremely Sensitive Sensor 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z For graphene, however, this reduces the conductivity that is one of its attractive features. Bugs in the system 2016-08-09T04:00:00Z If a low-voltage electrical jolt is applied, though, a small portion of the stuff will heat up and rearrange itself into an ordered crystal with much higher conductivity. You’ve got a nerve 2016-08-03T04:00:00Z Whether the resulting conductivity is consistent with a geodynamo driven by thermal convection requires further detailed calculations; the results will be reported elsewhere. Retraction: Effects of electron correlations on transport properties of iron at Earth’s core conditions : Nature : Nature Research 2016-04-12T04:00:00Z It tracks and analyzes five elements: heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductivity, ambient temperature and motion. The same fitness monitoring Olympic athletes use could be finding its way into golf - Golf Digest 2016-08-03T04:00:00Z As well, Liu wonders whether lithium peroxide will hamper the cathode’s conductivity over extended use, as it does with traditional lithium-air batteries. Flexible lithium-air batteries could power next-generation wearable electronics 2016-05-24T04:00:00Z For graphene, which is renowned for its electrical conductivity, transparency and strength, the right kind of businesses might include battery manufacturers or electronic-display companies — not Britain’s forte. UK graphene inquiry reveals commercial struggles 2016-05-02T04:00:00Z The electromagnetic survey will map 100-mile lines from north to south to measure the electrical conductivity of rocks. Federal researchers mapping rocks in upper Midwest 2016-04-07T04:00:00Z Sensors within the incubator monitor the soil's temperature, moisture, and electrical conductivity, and that information is then transmitted to a smartphone app. This connected pot will use your loved one’s ashes to grow a tree 2016-03-18T04:00:00Z Transmission lines are subject to conductivity and resistance factors that create inefficiencies. Energy Agenda for President Trump or President Clinton 2016-03-17T04:00:00Z Some sectors including shipbuilding, building construction and electric circuitry will still need copper's high conductivity, flexibility and durability. Auto, power firms save millions swapping copper for aluminum 2016-03-15T04:00:00Z Masters there wear robes embroidered with gold to represent “conductivity.” In London, PR Professionals Make Pitch for ‘Livery’ Status 2016-02-18T05:00:00Z When a photon strikes one of the sensors, the temperature of the sensor rises slightly, causing its electrical conductivity to increase. High stakes as Japanese space observatory prepares for launch 2016-02-08T05:00:00Z He said conductivity, the spacing of the electrodes and the size and thickness of the slab of concrete are all factors to consider. Special concrete can melt ice, snow _ just add electricity 2016-02-07T05:00:00Z Polygraph tests measure heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and skin conductivity to determine if a person is telling the truth. In an effort to fight corruption, Moscow says over 1,500 city employees will undergo polygraph tests 2016-02-01T05:00:00Z Metals, particularly gold and silver, are much better conductors, but not being transparent, they can interfere with the displayed image unless deposited in minute quantities—which reduces conductivity. The moving finger moves on 2016-01-28T05:00:00Z As the pressure gets ever more intense, the atoms in the hydrogen molecules pack closer and closer together, and the electrical conductivity in the crystalline material increases. Diamond squeeze hints at metallic hydrogen - BBC News 2016-01-07T05:00:00Z Graphene’s honeycomb arrangement of carbon atoms lends it strength, flexibility and superb electrical conductivity. Borophene joins 2D materials club 2015-12-16T05:00:00Z The third method relies on existing wearable technology that records heart rate, blood oxygen in the arteries and electrical conductivity in the skin. Wearable Devices Aim to Monitor Epileptic Seizures 2015-12-08T05:00:00Z “Solid glass and ceramic electrolytes have significantly higher conductivity than plastic polymer,” says Balsara, “and the conductivity is high enough that you might not have to sacrifice so much power.” Lithium batteries: To the limits of lithium : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z However, stretchy conductors are difficult to design; existing ones either do not stretch much or their conductivity plunges dramatically if they do, the researchers said. Accordion-Like Conductors Could Spawn Flexible Display Screens 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z This is hugely important for determining not only obvious properties like electrical conductivity but also magnetic properties. Making And Shaking New Materials With Ultracold Atoms 2015-06-11T04:00:00Z The conductivity of the scaffolds also appears to facilitate cell signaling and differentiation, she adds, but the long-term health effects of such implants still needs to be evaluated. 3-D Printer Turns Graphene into Electric Ink 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z One reason is that rigid wires tend to lose their conductivity after being bent, limiting the range of flexibility for wearables. This yarn conducts electricity 2015-04-03T04:00:00Z It is said to cut energy use by 10% and last longer owing to its conductivity. Graphene light bulb set for shops 2015-03-28T04:00:00Z However, when the conductors were stretched, their conductivity remained steady, said study co-author Sharon Glotzer, a computational scientist at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Accordion-Like Conductors Could Spawn Flexible Display Screens 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z It looks like a garage but provides headed space for researchers to stage gear, such as CTDs, devices that measure conductivity, temperature and depth. Arctic research vessel Sikuliaq prepares for final trials 2015-02-27T05:00:00Z For example, some existing inks sacrifice mechanical properties for high electrical conductivity. 3-D Printer Turns Graphene into Electric Ink 2015-05-06T04:00:00Z These stretchy strings were then dipped in silver nanoparticles to instill conductivity and then liquid silicone to encase everything. This yarn conducts electricity 2015-04-03T04:00:00Z Gottman's team came up with a way to measure, quantify and record everything that transpired - their blood pressure, their skin conductivity and their heart rate, as well as the sentiment of what was actually said. The mathematical formula for love 2015-02-08T05:00:00Z The first prototype of the kirigami-inspired stretchable conductor involved paper covered in carbon nanotubes—pipes of carbon that are only nanometers, or billionths of a meter, wide that possess remarkable electrical conductivity. Accordion-Like Conductors Could Spawn Flexible Display Screens 2015-06-23T04:00:00Z The final circuit we put together was a “conductivity tester” and for the next hour or so the girls ran around the house testing the electrical conductivity of various things. The Importance Of Exposing Children To Technology 2015-01-31T05:00:00Z It’s a very strong material that is also highly conductive, so people try to use it for composite material applications as a mechanical reinforcer or to enhance conductivity. A Graphene Discoverer Speculates on the Future of Computing 2015-01-23T05:00:00Z That’s 34 times the conductivity and five times the flexibility seen with prior attempts at nanowires made from graphene. The fibers kept high conductivity after being bent 1000 times or wrapped around fingers. This yarn conducts electricity 2015-04-03T04:00:00Z The cell design also relies on really thin copper wires to both increase conductivity and reduce losses. First Solar Moves Into Silicon: Why Efficiency Is Back 2015-01-19T05:00:00Z It works because the vibrations open and close cracks in a very thin layer of platinum, changing its conductivity. Spider-style sensor for vibrations 2014-12-11T05:00:00Z Different types of forces change how these layers interact, which in turn affects the conductivity. Touch Sensors Can Now Mimic Our Skin's Detection of Stretching and Twisting 2014-12-04T05:00:00Z And that’s exactly what we already see with graphene—some touch-power applications, thermal conductivity applications, mechanical reinforcement, conductive paints and so on—and the range of those products will increase year by year. A Graphene Discoverer Speculates on the Future of Computing 2015-01-23T05:00:00Z Now, researchers report the creation of an ultrathin, fabric circuit that keeps high conductivity even while bending and stretching as much as yoga pants. This yarn conducts electricity 2015-04-03T04:00:00Z Interfaces between different materials — such as magnet–superconductor or oxide–oxide junctions — might exhibit properties such as electrical conductivity, chemical reactivity, superconductivity and ferromagnetism that are not found in their separate constituents. Microscopy: Hasten high resolution 2014-11-25T05:00:00Z The machine evaluates food by measuring its conductivity at different voltages. You Call This Thai Food? The Robotic Taster Will Be the Judge 2014-09-28T04:00:00Z "Carbon is one of the promising materials considered for use in supercapacitors due to its low cost, high porosity, electronic conductivity and stability," the study added. Butt batteries: Scientists store energy in used cigarette filters 2014-08-06T04:00:00Z The answer is the fact that it is a semiconductor - a substance whose electrical conductivity can be manipulated. The next silicon revolution? 2014-08-01T04:00:00Z The low level of organic carbon in urine, combined with favourable acidity and electrical conductivity, made all the difference. Pee power 2014-07-31T04:00:00Z The device, called pd.id, relies on technology that has been used by the DEA for years, using a combination of electrical conductivity tests, temperature measurements and spectroscopic analysis to scan the molecular makeup of a liquid. New device tests drinks to see if they’ve been roofied 2014-07-22T04:00:00Z This material affords better thermal conductivity for the processor die in general so, theoretically, that sort of extreme tweaking and hacking won’t be required. Intel Announces Devil's Canyon Core i7 4GHz Quad-Core CPU For Enthusiasts And Overclockers 2014-06-03T04:00:00Z “But the only way the vines would shield the tree is if their conductivity was so much higher that almost all of the current flowed through the lianas.” Parasitic vines may serve as lightning rods 2014-06-01T04:00:00Z Graphene has so much potential because it has some very interesting electrical/optical properties including an electron mobility 10x greater than Silicon, optical transparency, a voltage-tunable Fermi level, and a high thermal conductivity. Why Does Graphene Have So Much Potential? 2014-05-29T04:00:00Z That structure is of interest to engineers, where its properties have uses in fields related to conductivity and magnetics. Scientists Just Got the Lead Out of Solar Cells — with Tin 2014-05-05T15:29:19Z The blender technique produces small flakes some four or five layers thick on average, but apparently without defects — meaning high electrical conductivity. How to Make Graphene in Your Kitchen Blender 2014-04-23T14:15:00Z Because it is made of gold, it is less likely than silver or copper conductors to lose conductivity to oxidization, the researchers said. Observatory: A Conductor to Flex and See Through 2014-02-03T22:42:43Z The higher the conductivity, the faster heat moves. Why your tongue gets stuck to an icicle 2014-02-03T22:20:08Z Regardless of a material's complexity, one thing is always true: its properties—density, hardness, shininess, electronic conductivity—are determined by the quantum characteristics of the atoms of which it is made. How Supercomputers Will Yield a Golden Age of Materials Science 2013-11-25T13:15:00.723Z Thus, approaches are required that prevent and dissipate static electricity through improved electrical conductivity, or that ensure complete discharge before a contact with a key piece of equipment. [Report] Control of Surface Charges by Radicals as a Principle of Antistatic Polymers Protecting Electronic Circuitry 2013-09-19T17:56:37.990Z Many of the flakes in store are full of defects or smothered with chemicals, affecting their conductivity and other properties, and are tens or hundreds of layers thick. How to Make Graphene in Your Kitchen Blender 2014-04-23T14:15:00Z After applying a field, the researchers measured discrete changes in the conductivity of the composite material — stepwise jumps that result from splits in the energy levels of its electrons. Physicists net fractal butterfly 2013-09-12T13:50:32.257Z First, they coated these with carbon nanotubes, to improve their conductivity. Battery technology: A pile of wood 2013-07-04T15:04:16Z Just as blue eyes can be correlated to a certain gene, the electronic conductivity of a material, for example, can be traced back to the properties and arrangements of the elements it is composed of. How Supercomputers Will Yield a Golden Age of Materials Science 2013-11-25T13:15:00.723Z In some blends, tiny amounts of carbon improve copper's conductivity. Scientists make wire of carbon, may sometime rival copper 2013-06-26T23:09:04Z In another application altogether, a small amount added to rubber produces a band whose conductivity changes as it stretches — in other words, a sensitive strain sensor. How to Make Graphene in Your Kitchen Blender 2014-04-23T14:15:00Z He started his graduate career by loudly proclaiming to his thesis advisor that he had a brand new theory of electrical conductivity. We have the global warming answer 2013-01-20T17:00:00Z All the stuff piling up at the horizon forms a ghostly membrane, which obeys the usual laws of physics and has conventional properties such as viscosity and electrical conductivity. When You Fall Into a Black Hole, How Long Have You Got? 2012-12-14T17:45:04.043Z Others have contented themselves with compounds that approximate topological insulators but still have a degree of internal conductivity. Exotic Quantum Effects Could Follow from Compound Now Confirmed to Conduct Only at Surface 2012-12-11T23:15:00.247Z However, the Stanford team led by chemical engineer Zhenan Bao increased the conductivity by incorporating nickel atoms, allowing electrons to “jump” between the metal atoms — thus improving the synthetic skin’s sensitivity. Stanford scientists create self-healing, touch-sensitive skin 2012-11-12T16:50:00Z However, all the self-healing polymers demonstrated to date had had very low bulk electrical conductivities and would have been little use in electrical sensors. Self-Healing Plastic 'Skin' Points Way to New Prosthetics 2012-11-11T18:00:00Z To find this zone, we simply use an electrical conductivity meter. Following the Ice: Camp Life Not For the Faint of Heart 2012-07-26T03:15:05.230Z Then obviously on the conductivity side, the Atheros guys were leaders, too. Q&A: Qualcomm Chief Executive Paul Jacobs 2012-07-18T17:46:18Z Andraka’s key insight is that there are noticeable changes in the electrical conductivity of the nanotubes when the distances between them changes. Wait, Did This 15-Year-Old From Maryland Just Change Cancer Treatment? 2012-06-18T13:08:39Z The wartime research sharpened his already considerable mathematical skills, preparing him for his later success in devising the equations that explained the electrical conductivity of nerves. Andrew Huxley, Nobel-Winning Physiologist, Dies at 94 2012-06-04T18:47:19Z Writing in Nature Nanotechnology, the researchers detail how they increased the conductivity of a self-healing polymer by incorporating nickel atoms, allowing electrons to "jump" between the metal atoms. Self-Healing Plastic 'Skin' Points Way to New Prosthetics 2012-11-11T18:00:00Z Within the confines of business, “women’s work” offers guys a path to emotion, particularity, and something we might call conductivity. Is 'Women's Work' Rehumanizing Men? 2012-05-21T16:16:12Z Materials already exist whose conductivity depends on temperature; if such materials were used in the researchers' inverter, the device would switch around the heat current only if the surroundings were warm enough. Heat Trickery Paves Way for Thermal Computers 2012-05-10T21:00:00Z It is also a semiconductor whose electrical conductivity is 1,000 times better than silicon’s. Optoelectronics: Graphene shows its colours 2012-05-10T15:06:15Z Professor Huxley’s later research explored electrical conductivity in muscles. Andrew Huxley, Nobel-Winning Physiologist, Dies at 94 2012-06-04T18:47:19Z After pressing the cut edges together gently for 15 seconds, the researchers found the sample went on to regain 98% of its original conductivity. Self-Healing Plastic 'Skin' Points Way to New Prosthetics 2012-11-11T18:00:00Z It would appear, however, that liquids, such as water and glycerin, differ remarkably little in conductivity in spite of enormous differences of viscosity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z This time, however, Brassen measured her volunteers' heart rates as well as their skin's electrical conductivity, which increases the more someone sweats. The Rue Age: Older Adults Disengage from Regrets, Young People Fixate on Them 2012-04-19T18:15:00.340Z They were also tested for anxiety: their breathing and skin electrical conductivity were measured, as in a lie detector. Anxiety Boosts Threat Odor Perception 2012-04-12T23:45:00.203Z Her analysis of the water’s conductivity – a way of assessing salinity – suggests the Rio Nuevo contains roughly five times the amount recommended by the World Health Organization for human consumption. A river rams through it: Argentina s Rio Nuevo portends problems to come in South America 2012-04-10T17:45:11.433Z Thomson's view prevailed, and the result was the establishment, first by Thomas Bolton & Sons, Stoke-on-Trent, of mills for the manufacture of high conductivity copper, which is now a great industry. Lord Kelvin An account of his scientific life and work 2012-04-06T02:00:32.097Z The wax was observed to melt first on the bismuth, although its conductivity is less than that of iron. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The higher the incandescence of the photosphere, the more it approaches in conductivity to that of the electrode, and the more, therefore, the solid and the gas form one conducting body. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z His later researches included observations on the conductivity of various substances for heat, and on the effect of pressure on the temperature of fusion of different bodies. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 6 "Home, Daniel" to "Hortensius, Quintus" 2012-03-15T02:00:32.250Z These imperfections impair conductivity and other electronic properties. Production: Beyond sticky tape 2012-03-14T22:50:43.050Z The conductor should have the highest conductivity obtainable, and should therefore be of pure copper; the insulating covering should, while forming a nearly absolutely non-conducting sheath, have as low a specific inductive capacity as possible. Lord Kelvin An account of his scientific life and work 2012-04-06T02:00:32.097Z This is quite incorrect, because the conductivity of iron is about six times that of bismuth, and the rate of propagation of a temperature wave is therefore twice as great in iron as in bismuth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z The technology identifies bases in real time by measuring electrical conductivity as a DNA strand is fed through a biological nanopore. Seven days: 17?23 February 2012 2012-02-22T18:20:20.217Z Skin conductivity solved the problem of detecting whether the earbuds were being shared. New headphones find the right ear 2012-02-06T18:27:43Z Copper is at least 65 percent more effective than aluminum in three key properties: electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and ductility, according to Deutsche Bank. Aluminum Over Copper for Cables Helps Rusal, Alcoa: Commodities 2012-02-07T23:01:26Z The electrical conductivity of crystals also varies with the direction, and bears the same relation to the symmetry as the thermal conductivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z A bar of lead similarly treated will show a faster rate of propagation than iron, because, although its conductivity is only half that of iron, its specific heat per unit volume is 2.5 times smaller. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z A decided change occurs in the conductivity of the mass of metallic filings when treated in this manner at voltages lower than the critical voltage obtained by previous methods. Hertzian Wave Wireless Telegraphy 2012-01-09T03:00:20.570Z By packing the phosphorus atoms close together and encasing the nanowires in silicon, the researchers were able to scale down without sacrificing conductivity, at least at low temperatures. Ohm Run: One-Atom-Tall Wires Could Extend Life of Moore's Law 2012-01-05T20:45:02.433Z The specific resistance of a substance is the reverse of its relative conductivity. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z The chemistry of QD surfaces has other important effects beyond improved conductivity. [Report] Peak External Photocurrent Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 100% via MEG in a Quantum Dot Solar Cell 2011-12-15T18:55:58.470Z According to the kinetic theory of gases, the conductivity of a gas depends on molecular diffusion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z Earth conductivity is far more dependent upon the presence or absence of moisture than upon the particular nature of the material which composes it other than water. Hertzian Wave Wireless Telegraphy 2012-01-09T03:00:20.570Z Interestingly, those who were more emotionally aroused during the simulation — based on measurements of electrical conductivity along the skin — were less likely to kill the one. Would You Kill 1 Person to Save 5? New Research on a Classic Debate 2011-12-05T12:06:40Z In fact, the joint conductivity will be the sum of the two separate conductivities. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z Those who hesitated to use aluminum on account of this defect lost sight of the great heat conductivity of that metal, which is considerably more than that of cast iron. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z It was for some time doubted whether a gas possessed any true conductivity for heat. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z Branly, however, noticed that in some cases of conductors in powder, such as the peroxide of lead or antimony, the effect of the spark was to cause a decrease of conductivity. Hertzian Wave Wireless Telegraphy 2012-01-09T03:00:20.570Z Under those conditions the conductivity is normally good, but the influence of the incoming waves causes it to become bad. Marvels of Scientific Invention An Interesting Account in Non-technical Language of the Invention of Guns, Torpedoes, Submarine Mines, Up-to-date Smelting, Freezing, Colour Photography, and many other recent Discoveries of Science 2011-11-19T03:00:24.517Z If the symbol Y represent the conductivity of a substance, and I the current then: I/Y = its resistance; and if R represent the resistance of a substance, then I/R = its conductivity. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z These brushes are often of copper, or some of its alloys, because copper has a greater electrical conductivity than any other metal. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z The same listeners then rated the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the sounds while the researchers measured physical indicators of distress: the listeners’ heart rate, blood pressure, and the electrical conductivity of their skin. Cover Your Ears! 2011-10-28T17:35:45Z The effect of an electric spark at a distance, in causing increase of conductivity, was shown, and the return of the tube to its non-conducting state when tapped was also noticed. Hertzian Wave Wireless Telegraphy 2012-01-09T03:00:20.570Z That point of poor conductivity is the ends of the two bars to be joined. Marvels of Scientific Invention An Interesting Account in Non-technical Language of the Invention of Guns, Torpedoes, Submarine Mines, Up-to-date Smelting, Freezing, Colour Photography, and many other recent Discoveries of Science 2011-11-19T03:00:24.517Z The relative strength of current in the two branches will be proportional to their conductivities. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z These brushes are nearly always of carbon, which is sometimes electroplated with copper to increase its electrical conductivity, though cylinders of copper wire gauze impregnated with graphite are utilized at times. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z But their skin conductivity changed consistently even when they thought the chalkboard sound was from music and rated it as less unpleasant. Cover Your Ears! 2011-10-28T17:35:45Z He proposes to use the electrical conductivity of the sodium and chloride ions in seawater to create a novel type of Faraday cage. Electromagnetic weapons: Frying tonight 2011-10-12T18:18:14Z Its greatest value is in states of abnormal conductivity, such as various grades of heart block, extrasystoles, whether originating in auricles or in either ventricle, abnormalities of rhythm, as flutter and fibrillation. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z I should have inserted it under the heading of remedies that interrupt the conductivity of nerves, and thus give the centres temporary rest. Neuralgia and the Diseases that Resemble it 2011-10-03T02:00:31.460Z The form of box generally favored is a brass sand casting rich in copper to secure good heat conductivity which forms a backing for a thin layer of white brass, babbitt or similar anti-friction metal. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z The rate of this increase varies, being influenced, among other causes, by the varying conductivity of the rocks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 6 "Geodesy" to "Geometry" 2011-09-19T02:00:10.473Z If the corrosion of pipes is considered according to the electrolytic theory, a slight increase, due to an increased electrical conductivity, might be anticipated. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z The majority of fibers from the left vagus are distributed to the A-V node so that its most evident action is upon the conductivity of the impulse. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z Too many atoms of the wrong sort, though, can be equally bad, interfering with a transistor’s conductivity. Transistors: Plugging the leaks 2011-08-17T19:17:49Z It might be thought that the conductivity of a substance could 104 be estimated by touch, but a little reflection will show that this cannot be the case. Household Administration Its Place in the Higher Education of Women 2011-07-20T02:00:13.547Z A corrected version of , using a surface temperature of 220 K and a conductivity of 3.5 W m K, is shown below. Thermal history of Mars inferred from orbital geochemistry of volcanic provinces 2011-07-13T17:22:05.190Z The effect of the addition of hypochlorite upon the electrical conductivity of distilled water and the Ottawa River water is shown in Diagram VI. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z It would measure temperature, electrical conductivity and chemical composition, transmitting its findings back to the surface using high-frequency sound waves. Too Hard For Science?--Journey to the Core of the Earth 2011-05-23T12:45:02.090Z The second desideratum, of low thermal and high electrical conductivity, was achieved by dividing the bismuth telluride into pellets a few nanometres across. Solar power: The third way 2011-05-12T11:01:28Z Pure silver has the highest conductivity; other useful materials take the following order: copper, zinc, lead, iron, steel, marble, glass, brick, slate, wood, fur, cotton, flannel, water, air. Household Administration Its Place in the Higher Education of Women 2011-07-20T02:00:13.547Z To increase ZT, researchers typically try to increase a material's electrical conductivity as much as possible while holding down its thermal conductivity. Turning Waste Heat Into Electricity 2011-05-04T22:09:37Z Liquid chlorine does not increase the conductivity to the same extent as an equivalent quantity of hypochlorite but it increases the carbonic acid content in proportion to the dosage used. Chlorination of Water 2011-09-13T02:00:32.243Z In 1846 he began experiments on the temperature of the earth at different depths and in different soils near Edinburgh, which yielded determinations of the thermal conductivity of trap-tufa, sandstone and pure loose sand. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z That does not affect their electrical conductivity, but nanoscale particles like this are known to scatter and obstruct the passage of heat through imperfectly understood quantum-mechanical processes. Solar power: The third way 2011-05-12T11:01:28Z The maximum conductivity of flow of heat for any given material is secured by so designing the boiler as to secure rapid, steady, and complete circulation of the water within it. A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine 2011-04-21T02:00:53.240Z The selenium not only further improves the electrical conductivity, it also reduces the thermal conductivity, Snyder explains. Turning Waste Heat Into Electricity 2011-05-04T22:09:37Z The authors of the latest work used variations in the electrical conductivity of rocks to produce a new picture of the plume. Supervolcano fed by bigger plume 2011-04-13T13:25:30Z It's not like heart rate or the level of electrical conductivity of the skin, which you have outside evidence of. Too Hard For Science? The Sense of Meaning in Dreams 2011-04-11T16:15:00.537Z An equipment package containing conductivity, temperature and depth sensors, also called a CTD, is attached to the rosette. Scientist at Work: Collecting Seawater From the Depths 2011-04-04T18:37:13Z In other words, they flipped a switch, which allowed them to change the electrical conductivity of the silicon without making or breaking a single chemical bond within the surface. Flipping the World's Smallest Light Switch 2011-03-25T16:05:32Z The group later determined that the thallium altered the electronic structure of the crystal, improving its electrical conductivity. Turning Waste Heat Into Electricity 2011-05-04T22:09:37Z The salts tabulated are those of which the 221 equivalent conductivity reaches a limiting value indicating that complete ionization is reached as dilution is increased. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The woodpeckers very quickly discover the superior conductivity of metals. The Woodpeckers 2011-01-26T03:00:25.210Z This discovery, coupled with the previous one of the electric conductivity of metals, formed the indispensable basis of all our electric telegraphs. The Scientific Basis of National Progress Including that of Morality 2010-12-30T03:00:25.567Z The electrical conductivity of the silicon atom differs slightly if the dimer tilts one way instead of another way. Flipping the World's Smallest Light Switch 2011-03-25T16:05:32Z Moreover, copper's conductivity, as well as a lack of developed technologies using alternative materials, mean that substitution's effects on the copper market will be limited. Analysis: Copper market braces for more substitution 2010-12-23T12:15:50Z An interesting relation appears when the electrolytic conductivity of solutions is compared with their chemical activity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Though silver is a good conductor, carbon is cheaper, and the nanotubes provide the extra electrical conductivity needed. Clean water: Silver threads of life 2010-10-21T11:18:00Z The CTD, shorthand for conductivity, temperature and depth, measures — you guessed it — conductivity, temperature and depth, as well as chlorophyll and oxygen levels. Meet Alvin, the Deep-Sea Submersible 2010-08-04T16:49:00Z So I'm counting three major properties of the Nanocomp material--amorphous conductivity, electromagnetic shielding and physical shielding. Making Paper That Can Stop Bullets 2010-08-02T10:00:00Z Another truck followed, filling the airspace around the piping with grout to stabilize the pipes and maximize the conductivity. With tax breaks, geothermal system promises deep cuts in heating, cooling costs 2010-03-02T05:00:00Z Finally, in column IV. the electrical conductivities of normal solutions of the acids have been tabulated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Laundering does not seem to affect its conductivity much either. 2010-02-11T10:38:00Z More than half of the paper describes results obtained by using the condenser to compare conductivities and cell polarities under conditions where no effect had previously been detectable. The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments At 80� C. selenium is a non-conductor, but up to 210� C. the conductivity gradually increases, after which it again diminishes. Wireless Transmission of Photographs Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged 1919 The thermal conductivity is also higher, a lump of anthracite feeling perceptibly colder when held in the warm hand than a similar lump of bituminous coal at the same temperature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The rise of conductivity with temperature, therefore, shows that the fluidity becomes greater when the solution is heated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Also, perhaps in consequence of its lower conductivity for heat, it very often breaks under sudden changes of temperature during work. The Methods of Glass Blowing and of Working Silica in the Oxy-Gas Flame For the use of chemical and physical students Electrolytic Conductivity.—The conductivity of an electrolyte is the inverse of its resistance. The Mechanism of Life Aluminium, owing to its high conductivity, removes the heat from the solder rapidly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" Its thermal conductivity is the lowest of all metals, being 18 as compared with silver as 1000; its coefficient of expansion between 0� and 100� is 0.001341. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" The concentration is known, and the conductivity can be measured experimentally; thus the average velocity with which the ions move past each other under the existent electromotive force can be estimated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Sufficient conductivity may be provided by placing several such pairs in multiple. Cyclopedia of Telephony and Telegraphy, Vol. 2 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. The molecular conductivity of an electrolyte is the conductivity of a solution containing one gramme-molecule of the substance placed between two parallel conducting plates, one centimetre apart. The Mechanism of Life Determinations of the electrical conductivity of the diazonium chloride and nitrate also show that the diazonium radical is strictly comparable with other quaternary ammonium ions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" Its electrical conductivity is approximately 1.2, silver at 0� being taken as 100; it is the most diamagnetic substance known, and its thermoelectric properties render it especially valuable for the construction of thermopiles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" He made many measurements of the electric conductivity of different solids and liquids, by comparing the intensity of the electric shock taken through his body and various conductors. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z To-day, by reason of other uses to which electricity is applied, electrically deposited copper of high conductivity is in ever-increasing demand, and commands a higher price than copper refined by fusion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 3 "Convention" to "Copyright" The molecular conductivity U is equal to the product of V, the volume of the molecule, by Δ, its specific conductivity. The Mechanism of Life Further evidence, pointing in the same direction, is furnished by the fact that since the conductivity is proportional to the concentration at great dilution, the equivalent-conductivity, and therefore the ionic velocity, is independent of it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" When present in other metals, even in very small quantity, bismuth renders them brittle and impairs their electrical conductivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" A third great use of the electroscope is therefore to detect electric conductivity either in the air or in any other body. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z In general, therefore, the order of conductivities is identical with that in which the acids exert their specific powers. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The conductivity of an electrolyte is proportional to the number of ions in a volume of the solution containing one gramme-molecule. The Mechanism of Life Another method which has been employed by Rutherford and McClelland is based on the action of an electric field in destroying the conductivity of gas streaming through it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The questions investigated have to do with the physical properties, such as electrical conductivity, magnetic condition, light-absorption, cohesion, and chemical affinities of matter at excessively low temperatures. A History of Science, Volume 5(of 5) Aspects Of Recent Science Other physical properties of these solutions, such as density, colour, optical rotatory power, &c., like the conductivities, are additive, i.e. can be calculated by adding together the corresponding properties of the parts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Hittorf, who carefully investigated the effects produced by heat; crystalline selenium possesses a very striking property, viz. when exposed to the action of light its electric conductivity increases. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The difference of conductivity between an iodide and a bromide, for example, is the same whether potassium, sodium, or ammonium salts are compared. The Mechanism of Life The conductivity produced by the passage of cathode rays through a gas diminishes rapidly with the pressure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The vertical ribs of the grids extend through the plate, providing mechanical strength and conductivity, while the small horizontal ribs are at the surface and in staggered relation on opposite faces. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair From these numbers we can, by help of the equation, calculate the conductivity of the acids for any dilution. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z When he increased the electric tension four- to six-fold, the black-lead particles at once compacted themselves so as to form a bridge of excellent conductivity. Little Masterpieces of Science: Invention and Discovery Hence we may conclude that the conductivity of any salt is an ionic property. The Mechanism of Life The electric conductivity of a substance is that property in virtue of which all its parts come spontaneously to the same electric potential if the substance is kept free from the operation of electric force. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" They can be taken round as many corners as you wish without losing any of their conductivity, and be placed wherever is most convenient for examination. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use We may investigate, first, the simple case of one source and one sink in an infinite plane sheet of thickness δ and conductivity k. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z He enhanced the value of his device by the vital discovery that the conductivity bestowed upon filings by electric discharges could be destroyed by simply shaking or tapping them apart. Little Masterpieces of Science: Invention and Discovery The various chemical reactions of an electrolyte are all ionic reactions, the chemical activity of an electrolytic solution being proportional to its electric conductivity, i.e. the degree of dissociation of its ions. The Mechanism of Life All material substances possess in some degree, large or small, electric conductivity, and may for the sake of convenience be broadly divided into five classes in this respect. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" When the key of the transmitter is pressed down, the waves follow one another very quickly, and the acquired conductivity of the coherer is only momentarily destroyed by the tap of the hammer. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use The conductivity gives us the amount of electricity conveyed per second under a definite electromotive force. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z "Well, you are a lot of weak-kneed ... conductivities," said Fenwick, feeling for the word. Somehow Good Let M∞ be the conductivity for complete dissociation and Mv the molecular conductivity at the volume V. Then Mv / M∞ = n″k / nk = n″ / n = a, the degree of dissociation. The Mechanism of Life These substances differ greatly in insulating power, and according as the conductivity is more or less marked, they are spoken of as bad or good insulators. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" In addition to magnetism, rocks and ores have other properties susceptible to observations made at a distance, such as electrical conductivity, transparency to X-rays, specific induction, elasticity, and density. The Economic Aspect of Geology He supposed that when two pieces of metal are pressed together the molecules diffuse across the surface, modifying the surface layers and increasing their conductivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Great divergence is shown in the results of experiments in the conductivity of wood. Seasoning of Wood The electrical conductivity of a solution is therefore proved to be dependent on its molecular dissociation. The Mechanism of Life The conditions under which this class of substance becomes possessed of electric conductivity are considered in section III., on conduction in gases. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The only one of these properties that has thus far seemed to promise practical results is electrical conductivity. The Economic Aspect of Geology The temperature coefficient of conductivity has approximately the same value for most aqueous salt solutions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Copper tacks should be avoided on account of their superior conductivity. The Electric Bath The specific conductivity Δ of an electrolyte is the conductivity of a cube of the solution, each face of which is one square centimetre in area. The Mechanism of Life The reciprocal of the ohm is called the mho, which is the unit of conductivity, and is defined as the conductivity of a substance whose resistance is one ohm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" It is also in general doubtful whether sufficient care has been taken to distinguish the body from the surface conductivity, and consequently numerical estimates are to be regarded with suspicion. On Laboratory Arts But the temperature coefficient of conductivity is now generally less than before; thus the effect of temperature on ionization must be of opposite sign to its effect on fluidity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z It has poor conductivity, and for arc lamps is coated with copper to increase its conductivity. Electricity for Boys The molecular conductivity is independent of the volume occupied by the gramme-molecule of the solute, depending only on the degree of dissociation. The Mechanism of Life The absolute unit of conductivity is the conductivity of a substance whose resistivity is one absolute C.G.S. unit, or one-thousandth-millionth part of an ohm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" In all cases the conductivity appears to increase with the electric intensity, or at all events with an increase in voltage, the thickness of the layer of sulphur remaining the same. On Laboratory Arts The conductors themselves for the most part consist of copper having Conductors. a conductivity of not less than 98% according to Matthiessen’s standard. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The following is a partial list of metals, showing their relative conductivity: Silver 1. Electricity for Boys Hence the degree of dissociation may also be determined by comparing the electrical conductivities of two solutions of different degrees of concentration. The Mechanism of Life Resistivity of Copper.—In connexion with electro-technical work the determination of the conductivity or resistivity values of annealed and hard-drawn copper wire at standard temperatures is a very important matter. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" This is, to be sure, only that blindness of the common mind which Socrates and Plato observed in their day, but it is now aggravated through the greater massiveness and conductivity of modern society. The Moral Economy Nevertheless, the remarkable general agreement of the numbers in the four columns is quite enough to show the intimate connexion between chemical activity and electrical conductivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z This avoids the annoying increase in conductivity of the solution which happens when the salt itself is added and is gradually dissolved. Scientific American Supplement, No. 1157, March 5, 1898 However, we tested the protection, and it works—far more efficiently than we calculated, due to the amazing conductivity of the layer. Invaders from the Infinite The conductivity of fused salts, and of solutions of salts and acids, although less than that of metals, is very great compared with the traces of conductivity found in so-called non-conductors. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The conductivity towards the tip of the root is not exactly the same as that in the ascending direction. Response in the Living and Non-Living If we eliminate the polarization at the electrodes, it can be shown that an electrolyte possesses a definite electric resistance and therefore a definite conductivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Knowing the resistance of a wire of given conductivity, length, and diameter, will the resistance of any other wire be in proportion inversely? Scientific American, Volume 40, No. 13, March 29, 1879 A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures Properties of Neurons.—The work of the neurons seems to depend mainly upon two properties—the property of irritability and the property of conductivity. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Ohm’s law states that the current C is proportional to the electromotive force E, or C = kR, where k is a constant called the conductivity of the circuit. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" In studying the changes of conductivity produced in metallic particles by the stimulus of Hertzian radiation, I have often noticed that whereas feeble radiation produces one effect, strong radiation produces the opposite. Response in the Living and Non-Living The ionization of a solution, then, is usually diminished by raising the temperature, the rise in conductivity being due to the greater increase in fluidity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Very pure copper can be obtained in commerce, owing to the demand for metal of "high conductivity" for electrical purposes, which practically means for metal free from impurities. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. By its length, structure, and property of conductivity it is especially adapted to this purpose. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The reciprocal of this, or the conductivity, is a more generally useful constant; it is conveniently expressed in terms of a unit equal to the reciprocal of an ohm. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" In co-operation with the physical laboratory, these tests include a study of the relative rates of conductivity of cement mortars and concretes. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXX, Dec. 1910 Federal Investigations of Mine Accidents, Structural Materials and Fuels. Paper No. 1171 He discovered that they had the power of affecting the electric conductivity of materials when in a state of powder, the majority of metallic filings increasing in conductivity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z The famous physicist Rumford was responsible for a very pretty experiment designed to demonstrate the low conductivity of air where heat other than radiant heat is concerned. Social Life in the Insect World The proportion of the elements depends upon the conductivity of the materials employed, and it alone determines the microphonic value of the compound, the nature of the elements apparently having scarcely any influence. Scientific American Supplement, No. 312, December 24, 1881 As the temperature variation of conductivity is large, usually about 2% per degree, it is necessary to place the resistance cell in a paraffin or water bath, and to observe its temperature with some accuracy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The contact rail itself is of special soft steel, to secure high conductivity. The New York Subway Its Construction and Equipment On account of its superior strength and high conductivity for electrical currents, silicon bronze is the best material known for telegraph and telephone wire. Scientific American Supplement, No. 508, September 26, 1885 For there has been no absolute rise of the geotherms, the thermal conductivities of both classes of materials differing but little. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays In proportion as the water contained in the acid is thus decomposed, it is seen by the amperemeter that the conductivity of the liquid rapidly decreases. Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886 He finds that, as the concentration diminishes, the value of k/m approaches a limit, and eventually becomes constant, that is to say, at great dilution the conductivity is proportional to the concentration. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" This great constancy is chiefly due to the progressive reduction of the depolarizing electrode to the state of very conductive metal, which augments its conductivity and its depolarizing power. Scientific American Supplement, No. 421, January 26, 1884 A small percentage in copper increases its strength to 50,000 or 60,000 pounds per square inch without diminishing to any large extent its conductivity. Scientific American Supplement, No. 508, September 26, 1885 By examining the conductivity of the gas at different points along the path of the ray, the ionisation at these points may be determined. The Birth-Time of the World and Other Scientific Essays Among the metallic substances, the one best adapted by its low conductivity to such resistance and transformation of force, is platinum. Notable Events of the Nineteenth Century Great Deeds of Men and Nations and the Progress of the World It has usually been considered that this destruction of conductivity is due to chemical action between the acid and the residual impurities in the water. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" In the new world, instead of stability, we have the idea of persistence, and power lies not so much in solid brittle foundation quality as in conductivity. Crowds A Moving-Picture of Democracy A few drops of sulphuric acid or even vinegar will increase the conductivity of the water so as to produce a marked deflection of the galvanometer needle. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 Alloys of lead have lower conductivity than copper. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. All the properties of a body are modified when taken in small mass; M. Meslin proves this in a very ingenious way as regards optical properties, and Mr Vincent in respect of electric conductivity. The New Physics and Its Evolution The decrease in equivalent conductivity at great dilution is, however, so constant that this explanation seems insufficient. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Another important feature of the apparatus is a compound anode which consists of carbon plates, with a metal core to increase the conductivity. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 These are the proportions that give the maximum of conductivity. Scientific American Supplement No. 819, September 12, 1891 In another cord that has found much favor the two conductors are formed mainly by two concentric spiral wrappings of steel wire, the conductivity being reinforced by adjacent braidings of tinsel. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. The order which metals assume in point of conductivity is no longer the same as at ordinary temperatures. The New Physics and Its Evolution The values of the molecular conductivities of all neutral salts are, at great dilution, of the same order of magnitude, while those of acids at their maxima are about three times as large. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Breath-Holding and Laryngismus Stridulus In some children, in the first two years of life, we find a definite and measurable increase in the irritability and conductivity of the peripheral nerves. The Nervous Child The lower electric conductivity of iron, as compared with copper, makes such a construction wasteful of exciting power. Scientific American Supplement, No. 787, January 31, 1891 Resistance is the reciprocal of conductivity and the properties, conductivity and resistance, are more often expressed in terms of resistance. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. It is not devoid of interest to note that Erman, a German scholar, once very celebrated and now generally forgotten, drew attention as early as 1815 to the unipolar conductivity of a flame. The New Physics and Its Evolution Thus by measuring the value of k/m, which is known as the equivalent conductivity of the solution, we can find u + v, the velocity of the ions relative to each other. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" I need a metal of greater conductivity than any attainable to get real results. The Boy Inventors' Radio Telephone The higher the incandescence of the photosphere the more it approaches in conductivity to that of the electrode, and the more, therefore, the solid and the gas form one conducting body. Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency It is not commercially practicable to use absolutely pure copper, and the ordinary magnet wire has a conductivity equal to about 98 per cent of that of pure copper. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. It is to a German physicist, Giese, that we owe the first notions on the mechanism of the conductivity of gases, as we now conceive it. The New Physics and Its Evolution By combining the results thus obtained with the sum of the velocities, as determined from the conductivities, Kohlrausch calculated the absolute velocities of different ions under stated conditions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" When the electrical waves strike the needle, the conductivity of the filings is established and a click is heard in the receiver. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do What is the nature of electrical conductivity or resistance, and how is it so greatly and so suddenly changed? Scientific American Supplement, No. 492, June 6, 1885 Its high conductivity, great ductility, and low cost are the factors which make it superior to all other metals. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. Besides, certain peculiarities in the conductivity of metals cannot be explained without a supposition of this kind. The New Physics and Its Evolution Thus acetic acid and ammonia give solutions of much lower conductivity than is indicated by the sum of the specific ionic velocities of their ions as determined from other compounds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Professor Trowbridge also revived the idea of telegraphing across the Atlantic by utilizing the conductivity of the sea-water to carry the currents. Masters of Space Morse, Thompson, Bell, Marconi, Carty Transverse and shearing tests; also observations on heat conductivity of sticks over wood fires and a stick exposed to low temperature. The Mechanical Properties of Wood Including a Discussion of the Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties, and Methods of Timber Testing In the case of the electric circuit, the resistance is the reciprocal of the conductivity; in the case of the magnetic circuit, the reluctance is the reciprocal of the permeability. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. M. Arrhenius was led to adopt this hypothesis by the examination of experimental results relating to the conductivity of electrolytes. The New Physics and Its Evolution From this, as from the measurements on alcohol solutions, it is clear that where the equivalent conductivities are very low the effective velocities of the ions are reduced in the same proportion. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" Either they increase the central energy without affecting the nerves, or they simply increase the available energy by lowering the nervous conductivity; and all of them are unequal and local in their operation. The Country of the Blind, and Other Stories The conductivity of the air, that is, the relative movement of ions in the air; by movement of air past charged surface. Scott's Last Expedition Volume I Page 49 Lines whose lengths are limited to a few miles do not require a conductivity as great as that of copper wire of .08-inch diameter. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. The gas in a short while loses the conductivity which it had acquired; or this is, at least, the phenomenon at ordinary temperatures. The New Physics and Its Evolution Thus, taking the specific ionic velocity of hydrogen as 0.00032 cm. per second, we can find, by determining the conductivity of dilute solutions of any acid, the specific velocity of the acid radicle involved. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" The varying conductivity of the different strata in relation to heat and electricity may have been an important factor. Scientific American Supplement, No. 446, July 19, 1884 In conductivity this metal is only exceeded by copper, having many times that of iron. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 The conductivity of a wire depends upon its material, its cross-section, its length, and its temperature. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. The conductivity produced is not governed by Ohm's law. The New Physics and Its Evolution Or again, since we know the specific velocity of silver, we can find the velocities of a series of acid radicles at great dilution by measuring the conductivity of their silver salts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" I guess that question of conductivity of the positive pocket brought lots of gray hairs to his head. Edison, His Life and Inventions I believe that the primary influence of the quap upon us was to increase the conductivity of our nerves, but that is a mere unjustifiable speculation on my part. Tono Bungay Conductivity of a copper wire, for example, increases in direct ratio to its weight, in inverse ratio to its length, and its conductivity Page 50 falls as the temperature rises. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. Calorific conductivity is due, in fact, to an exchange of electrons between the hot and the cold regions, the heated electrons having the greater velocity, and consequently the more considerable energy. The New Physics and Its Evolution It exhibits under the action of light a remarkable variation in electric conductivity, and is used in certain electric apparatus. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section S For instance, at the time when he was making strenuous endeavors to obtain copper wire of high conductivity, strict laboratory tests were made of samples sent by manufacturers. Edison, His Life and Inventions It bears an inverse relation to the conductivity, — good conductors having a small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a very high resistance. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section R A conductor having a resistance of 100 ohms has a conductivity of .01 mho. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. Moreover, for the solution to remain in equilibrium, the vanished ions must be immediately replaced by others, and thus the state of ionisation of the electrolyte remains constant and its conductivity persists. The New Physics and Its Evolution They found that the absorbing powers of the metals, and therefore, by the principle of exchanges, their radiating powers also, are proportional to the square roots of their electric conductivities. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Among the complex and numerous problems that presented themselves in the evolution of the battery was the one concerning the internal conductivity of the positive unit. Edison, His Life and Inventions Like two faces looking at one another through a sheet of glass they were close together, almost touching, but they could not hear or feel each other: the conductivity between them was broken. The Greater Inclination The exact correlative terms are resistance and conductance, resistivity and conductivity. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. The verifications of it can even be quantitative, and we can foresee numerical relations between conductivity and other phenomena. The New Physics and Its Evolution Copper and zinc produce in this manner an induced current of greater length than metals of lower conductivity, with the exception of iron, which gives an induced current of extremely short duration. Scientific American Supplement, No. 417, December 29, 1883 The nickel flake, which is Edison's ingenious solution of the conductivity problem, is of itself a most interesting product, intensely practical in its application and fascinating in its manufacture. Edison, His Life and Inventions This to some extent impairs the conductivity of the circuit. Scientific American Supplement, No. 433, April 19, 1884 As the conductivity or resistance of a line is the property of controlling importance in telegraphy, a similar relation was expected in early telephony. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. The measurements of conductivity, joined to certain considerations relating to the differences of concentration which appear round the electrode in electrolysis, allow the speed of the ions to be calculated. The New Physics and Its Evolution This phenomenon, which he attributed to the conductivity and radiating power of the metal, he soon utilized in the construction of a lamp for miners. Scientific American Supplement, No. 360, November 25, 1882 This insures complete and perfect contact and consequent electrical conductivity throughout the entire unit. Edison, His Life and Inventions The interruption of conductivity at the surface contact of the two metals makes the process of heating and cooling a little slower, but not noticeably so. Scientific American Supplement, No. 358, November 11, 1882 The nature of carbon and certain earths being that their conductivity rises with the temperature and that of metals being that their conductivity falls with the temperature, has enabled the Nernst lamp to be successful. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. Solidified electrolytes which, at temperatures far below their fusion point, still retain a very appreciable conductivity, become, on the contrary, perfect insulators at low temperatures. The New Physics and Its Evolution Knowing the cross section in millimeters, Q, of the bar, and observing the temperature, t, in degrees Centigrade, its conductivity, x, as compared with mercury can be determined. Scientific American Supplement, No. 430, March 29, 1884 In like manner a heavy rain-storm cleaned the tracks from the accumulations due chiefly to the droppings of the horses, which otherwise served largely to increase the conductivity. Edison, His Life and Inventions The return motion of the flame the author explains thus: The point of the flame loses more electricity by influence than it receives by conductivity. Scientific American Supplement, No. 299, September 24, 1881 Carbon, while increasing the strength and hardness, decreases the ease of forging and bending and decreases the magnetism and electrical conductivity. Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting Electric, Forge and Thermit Welding together with related methods and materials used in metal working and the oxygen process for removal of carbon For a long time we have used for transmissions to a distance the elastic properties of the air, and more recently the electric conductivity of the soil and of water, particularly that of the sea. The New Physics and Its Evolution The second property of nerve-cells which is important in study is conductivity. How to Use Your Mind A Psychology of Study: Being a Manual for the Use of Students and Teachers in the Administration of Supervised Study This is believed to have been the first "compound" wire made for telegraphic or other signalling purposes, the object being to secure greater lightness with textile strength and high conductivity. Edison, His Life and Inventions The electric conductivity of his skin is greater, sometimes a hundred times greater, than the average. The Glands Regulating Personality A less desirable way is to heat the outside higher than this temperature and allow the conductivity of the metal to distribute the excess to the inside. Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting Electric, Forge and Thermit Welding together with related methods and materials used in metal working and the oxygen process for removal of carbon For a long time it has been noticed that a relation exists between the calorific and the electric conductivity; the relation of these two conductivities is sensibly the same for all metals. The New Physics and Its Evolution As might be expected, the two functions of impressibility and conductivity are aided by such an arrangement of the nerve-cells that the nervous current may pass over definitely laid pathways. How to Use Your Mind A Psychology of Study: Being a Manual for the Use of Students and Teachers in the Administration of Supervised Study Copper for the circuits was more highly refined than ever before to secure the best conductivity, and purity was insisted on in every kind of insulation. Edison, His Life and Inventions Iodine has been shown to increase the electric conductivity of the brain that is, the rate at which electrons will fly through it. The Glands Regulating Personality From the point of view of the field-concept, conductivity consists in the property of a body not to allow any change of potential along its surface. Man or Matter Its action is based on the peculiar property of selenium, which, you probably know, changes its electrical conductivity under the influence of light. Guy Garrick Such a vaporous sphere would condense to a liquid, fiery globe, whose surface would become cold and solid, while the interior would long remain intensely hot because of the slow conductivity of the crust. The Elements of Geology In the last few years it has been discovered that the auriculoventricular handle, or "bundle of His," has a necessary function of conductivity of auricular impulse to ventricular contraction. Disturbances of the Heart Adrenalin increases the electric conductivity of the brain. The Glands Regulating Personality In the language of alchemy, conductivity is a mercurial property. Man or Matter Does the feeble electric conductivity always observed in the air contained within the walls of an electroscope depend on ionizing radiations from the material of the walls themselves? Darwin and Modern Science Either they increase the central energy without affecting the nerves or they simply increase the available energy by lowering the nervous conductivity; and all of them are unequal and local in their operation. Twelve Stories and a Dream It is also said to control the salt content of the blood upon which its electrical conductivity and other properties depend. The Glands Regulating Personality Iodine and thyroid increase the electric conductivity of the brain, so that the memory trace must be deposited more easily in those who have an excess of thyroid. The Glands Regulating Personality |
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