| 单词 | commutator |
| 例句 | Brushes gather electricity from the commutator.” — eclipses the clarity and immediacy of the working model. Museum Review: New York Transit Museum 2011-12-15T23:03:45Z Wire coils connect to the commutator, which turns the rotor. Museum Review: New York Transit Museum 2011-12-15T23:03:45Z Figure 23.23 Split rings, called commutators, produce a pulsed DC emf output in this configuration. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Friction and electrical arcing at the commutator means the brushes must be replaced regularly. Do electric cars dream of software fixes? 2018-04-22T04:00:00Z In a motor using direct current, which comes from a battery, the switching is done with a commutator, a type of mechanical switch. As electric motors improve, more things are being electrified 2017-09-14T04:00:00Z Modern motors use electronic control systems rather than a commutator, but the principle is the same. Electric motors: Reluctant heroes 2012-11-15T16:05:22Z The winding also breaks down easily in consequence of the sparks which form between the sections of the armature or commutator when a vigorous oscillation takes place. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Why, Maria, that young fellow Vardon who wrote that astonishingly clever paper on commutators, you know, is tutor at Lady Surrey's, and she wants him to get this place at the Admiralty. Strange Stories 2012-01-16T03:00:05.067Z Hence the “brushless” DC motors, with their transistorised switching in place of mechanical brushes and a commutator. Do electric cars dream of software fixes? 2018-04-22T04:00:00Z The commutator is attached to one end of the rotor, and picks up power from stationary “brushes” as it turns. As electric motors improve, more things are being electrified 2017-09-14T04:00:00Z The commutator segments are drop forged in the smaller, and hard drawn in the larger sizes. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z In all the above cases the commutators are adapted for a single coil, and the device is particularly suited to such purposes. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Carbon is used because it is not so liable to cut the metal of the commutator as might be the case if the contact was of the metal to metal type. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z Hold the commutator down with narrow strips of tape. Electricity for the 4-H Scientist Idaho Agricultural Extension Service Bulletin 396, June, 1962 2011-11-18T03:00:30.487Z Gramme employed the commutator to make the current direct instead of alternating. Inventions in the Century 2011-07-20T02:00:14.643Z Hence, by rocking the brushes around the commutator the pressure at the terminals of the machine may be varied and regulated as required. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z It will be understood, of course, that the rotation and action of the commutator must be in synchronism or in proper accord with the periods of the alternations in order to secure the desired results. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z The exposed ends of the magnets are called pole pieces and the arrangement used to collect the current is either a commutator or a collector. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z Assemble As Shown Adjust the position of commutator and tension of brushes against it for best operation. Electricity for the 4-H Scientist Idaho Agricultural Extension Service Bulletin 396, June, 1962 2011-11-18T03:00:30.487Z Alternating-current Commutator Motors.—These motors are in general appearance similar to the induction motor, but the rotor is fitted with a commutator. The New Gresham Encyclopedia Volume 4, Part 2: Ebert to Estremadura 2011-04-14T02:00:56.200Z How are the inductors connected to the commutator? Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z The collector is made in the same form as the commutator. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z The stationary pieces which bear against the collector or commutator and act as terminals for the outside circuit are called brushes. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z Take the armature off the motor and connect the commutator wires to a dry cell battery. Electricity for the 4-H Scientist Idaho Agricultural Extension Service Bulletin 396, June, 1962 2011-11-18T03:00:30.487Z The port foremost motor was sparking like the devil, rings of cursed sparks shooting round the commutator, but this was no time for ceremony. The Diary of a U-boat Commander With an Introduction and Explanatory Notes by Etienne 2011-01-30T03:00:19.213Z The ends of each conducting loop or coil must be connected with the commutator segments in a certain order to correspond with the type of winding.173 Ques. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z Suppose, for instance, that there are twenty-four coils—that is, twelve in each part—and consequently twenty-four commutator plates. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Baxter, Jr. The business end of any dynamo or motor of the direct current type is the commutator. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z Switch the connections on the commutator and test again. Electricity for the 4-H Scientist Idaho Agricultural Extension Service Bulletin 396, June, 1962 2011-11-18T03:00:30.487Z The brushes of copper wire which collect the current of the exciter dynamo, and others of similar pattern, must be placed so that the ends press on the commutator as shown in Fig. Wrinkles in Electric Lighting 2011-01-22T03:00:17.277Z His method consists in winding a ring with a continuous coil of wire, connections being made at suitable intervals with the commutator. Hawkins Electrical Guide, Number One Questions, Answers, & Illustrations, A Progressive Course of Study for Engineers, Electricians, Students and Those Desiring to acquire a Working Knowledge of Electricity and its Applications 2011-12-24T03:07:54.823Z H represents the commutator, with the plates of ordinary construction. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z This book goes into the designing, building, and maintenance of commutators, shows how to locate troubles and how to remedy them; everyone who fusses with dynamos needs this. 4th Edition. Aviation Engines Design?Construction?Operation and Repair 2011-12-04T03:00:04.777Z When the arm is thrown back out of the way it opens the transmitter circuit by means of a commutator in its base. Cyclopedia of Telephony and Telegraphy, Vol. 2 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. If it is required to have a continuous current, use must be made of what is termed a commutator, and I shall endeavour to explain the manner in which it acts as simply as possible. Wrinkles in Electric Lighting 2011-01-22T03:00:17.277Z When the measured resistance is not altered by increasing the speed of the commutator or changing the ratio of the arms of the bridge, the disturbing effects may be considered to be eliminated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 8 "Conduction, Electric" C is the commutator; B and B', the brush-holders, B carrying the main brushes a a', and B' the auxiliary or shunt brushes b b. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Captain Smith now gave a glance at the commutator, a dial which shows to what extent the ship is off the perpendicular, and noticed that she carried a 5° list to starboard. Titanic Increasing the number of armature coils and commutator segments increases the smoothness of the charging current. Cyclopedia of Telephony and Telegraphy, Vol. 2 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. There are various forms of the magneto-electric machines, as well as of commutators, but the foregoing shows the general principle of them all. Wrinkles in Electric Lighting 2011-01-22T03:00:17.277Z Clean commutator with fine sandpaper.Wrong connections of field rheostat-check connections with diagram.Open circuit in field rheostat. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair When this is done, the currents are produced by dynamo-magnetic induction only, the same result being obtained as though the poles were shifted by a commutator with an infinite number of segments. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Benny himself, his red hair combed flat on his head and oiled like a missing commutator, wore a Japanese silk dressing-gown which would have fired a steam car. The Man Who Drove the Car Projecting from each tube is a spike, and rising from the baseboard are four upright brass strips not quite touching the commutator. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use I showed how, in the magneto-electric machine, the currents are collected by means of a commutator, and it is evident that in Figs. Wrinkles in Electric Lighting 2011-01-22T03:00:17.277Z This causes sparking, which soon will cause excessive heating.Rough commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair In this case each of the motor circuits is connected to two diametrically opposite bars of the commutator. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z The use of commutators on motors and dynamos should be understood. How Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus Containing Complete Directions for Making All Kinds of Simple Apparatus for the Study of Elementary Electricity But the momentum of revolution carries the coil on, and suddenly the commutator reverses its polarity, and a further half-revolution takes place. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use A commutator, B, permits of establishing or interrupting the current at will. Scientific American Supplement, No. 488, May 9, 1885 In case of generators using other kinds of regulation, loose connections, dirty commutator and brushes, etc., will cause low charging current. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair In this, as in the other cases, the ordinary commutator may be used on the generator, and the current taken from it utilized for exciting the generator field-magnets or for other purposes. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z The outside end of coil 16 is joined to the other commutator section, 18. How Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus Containing Complete Directions for Making All Kinds of Simple Apparatus for the Study of Elementary Electricity The wires W W are connected to the telegraph line and to the commutator, a device which, when the operator moves the handle H to right and left, keeps reversing the direction of the current. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use See that it does not lack good lubricating oil, and do not let its commutator get dirty. Electricity for the farm Light, heat and power by inexpensive methods from the water wheel or farm engine In turning down the commutators of high speed motor-generators, special fittings should be made by means of which the armature may be mounted in its own ball-bearings while the commutator is turned down. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair There is another well-known type of machine in which three or more coils, A' B' C', on the armature have a common joint, the free ends being connected to the segments of a commutator. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z If you have no thin metal for brushes, use copper wires, and arrange them so that they will press gently against the commutator. How Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus Containing Complete Directions for Making All Kinds of Simple Apparatus for the Study of Elementary Electricity Holmes continuous current dynamo: A, armature; C, commutator; M, field magnets. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use An armature partly wound, showing slots and commutator We have seen that a water wheel is 85 per cent efficient under ideal conditions. Electricity for the farm Light, heat and power by inexpensive methods from the water wheel or farm engine The third brush generator, for instance, will have an excessive output if the brushes are dirty, loose, or not well seated on the commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair Despite his instructor's perfect demonstration of the fact that it was impossible to operate a dynamo without commutator or brushes, Mr. Tesla could not be convinced that such accessories were necessary or desirable. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z The exact position of the commutator will depend upon the way you arrange the brush. How Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus Containing Complete Directions for Making All Kinds of Simple Apparatus for the Study of Elementary Electricity High-pressure direct current is not easily generated, since the sparking at the collecting brushes as they pass over the commutator segments gives trouble. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use This ring of many segments, is called a commutator, because it commutates, or changes, the direction of the electric impulses, and delivers them all in one direction. Electricity for the farm Light, heat and power by inexpensive methods from the water wheel or farm engine Brushes should be discarded when they be come so short that they do not make good contact with the commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The commutator proper is in the form of a disc which is made up of four segments D D' G G', similar to those shown in Fig. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z The slots in the commutator must be directly under the center line of the yoke, 14, as seen in Fig. How Two Boys Made Their Own Electrical Apparatus Containing Complete Directions for Making All Kinds of Simple Apparatus for the Study of Elementary Electricity The arrow denotes the direction of movement; the double dotted lines the commutator end of the revolving coil. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use Where it is desired to give the patient a galvanic shock, it is only necessary rapidly to reverse the current by means of the commutator. The Electric Bath Watch for "high mica," which means a condition in which the insulation between the segments projects above the surface of the commutator, due to the commutator wearing down faster than the insulation. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair In this modification the commutator and collector are made in substantially the same manner as previously described, except that the bands B C are omitted. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Sprinkle carbon, graphite, or metal dust on commutators. Simple Sabotage Field Manual In dynamos of this kind several pairs of collecting brushes pick current off the commutator at equidistant points on its circumference. How it Works Dealing in simple language with steam, electricity, light, heat, sound, hydraulics, optics, etc., and with their applications to apparatus in common use But it was easy, by the mechanical arrangement called a commutator, to gather up the currents and cause them to flow in the same direction. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 A change in the charging rate, cleaning of the generator commutator or cutout contact points, if done in time, will often keep everything in good shape. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The number of segments may be increased, however, or more than one commutator used with a single armature. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Put a little grease or oil at the contact points of commutators. Simple Sabotage Field Manual “If I can—throw you—across those commutators—before the fireworks stop—I’m goin’ to give you fifteen hundred volts!” The Man from the Bitter Roots The next thing I did," said the girl, "was to take out the commutator and clean it. Lady Bountiful See that there is enough lubricating oil in the bearings, but that there is not too much oil, especially in the bearing at the commutator end of the generator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The metal segments of the commutator may be moved forward by loosening the screw a'. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z I wondered bleakly what would happen to the silencer if its mass of heated metal were suddenly plunged into cold water, and what would happen to the commutator. The Car of Destiny He liked to hear the squeak of the belting and the steady chug-chug of the water-wheels; the purr of the dynamos was music, and he kept the commutators free from dust with loving care. The Man from the Bitter Roots Perhaps," said Geoffrey, "you didn't put the commutator back right after you took it out. Lady Bountiful A commutator may have grooves cut in by the brushes. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The commutator and the collector in thus presenting two flat and smooth bearing surfaces prevent most effectually by mechanical action the occurrence of sparks. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z This amateur pottery will be found of service in making small fittings for switch-boards, commutators, and in electrical work generally. On Laboratory Arts A term applied to the conducting medium that bears against the cylindrical surface of a commutator. Electricity for Boys The commutator was in its place and the wire terminals correctly attached. Lady Bountiful If the commutator is rough it may be made smooth with fine sandpaper held against it while the generator is running, and the brushes are lifted. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair These brushes cause, moreover, heavy sparking at the commutator. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Its advantages in this connection are to be traced to the fact that a commutator so built up is durable and keeps a clean surface. On Laboratory Arts The commutator is made of a split tube, the parts so divided being insulated from each other, and in Fig. Electricity for Boys A dynamo is exactly the same, except that the commutator reverses the operation and makes the poles alike as they approach each other, and unlike as they recede. Practical Mechanics for Boys Brushes which bear on the commutator lead to the charging circuit. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The two parts are fitted smoothly and the collector T held by the screw h and spring H against the commutator S. As in the other cases, the commutator revolves while the collector remains stationary. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z This would be a wrong description, for, according to him, every nerve, even a sensory one, serves as a motor; it conducts the disturbance which, passing through the central commutator, flows finally into the muscles. The Mind and the Brain Being the Authorised Translation of L'Âme et le Corps End View Armature, Mounted These tubular sections are called the commutator plates. Electricity for Boys There are usually two brushes to each dynamo or motor, and they are placed diametrically opposite, lightly touching the commutator of the armature. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The trouble is caused by some condition which causes the brushes to break contact with the commutator, especially in the case of a "third" brush. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair Brushes b b bear upon the commutator and alternately short-circuit the plates K and K', and L and L', through a connection c. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Besides his telephone, each reporter, as the reader is aware, has in front of him a set of commutators, which enable him to communicate with any desired telephotic line. In the Year 2889 As long as one of the two plates of the switch is applied against the rail, one of the two commutators is inclined and no current passes. Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 It is important that there should be good metallic contact between the brushes and the commutator, and at the same time the frictional resistance resulting from the contact must be a minimum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" High mica, loose brush spring, or a commutator which has been turned down off-center may cause the trouble. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair It is obvious that either the magnets and commutator, or the brushes, may revolve. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z "Who is there?" he asked, touching a commutator. In the Year 2889 A space of one millimeter is sufficient to bring the commutator to a horizontal position and to cause the electric alarm to ring continuously. Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 Brushes are also made of strips of spongy copper cut like a comb, which give a number of bearing points on the commutator. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" You can avoid all this by taking proper care of the commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair Their arc light machines have weak fields, large armatures, with a great length of copper wire and few commutator segments to produce great variations in the current's strength and to bring self-induction into play. The inventions, researches and writings of Nikola Tesla With special reference to his work in polyphase currents and high potential lighting 2012-03-28T02:00:22.660Z Q. What kind of a bearing should the brush have on the commutator? The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads A spring, R, carried upon the arm, a, of a lever, A, projects slightly above the level of the rail, while the other arm, b, carries a commutator. Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 This operation can easily be performed automatically by a commutator worked by a clock. Scientific American Supplement, No. 717, September 28, 1889 The brushes should be lifted from the commutator while this is being done. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The armature coils are connected with a commutator in the usual way, and the field may, of course, be excited either in shunt or in series. Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 A. In using emery paper a piece of emery might lodge in the grooves between the commutator segments, and being a conductor of electricity, causes short. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads Opposite sections of the commutator are connected together internally as in most four-pole machines, so that only two brushes are necessary, at 90 deg. apart. Scientific American Supplement, No. 711, August 17, 1889 All currents are caused to flow from the armature in one direction by means of a contrivance called the commutator. A Catechism of Familiar Things; Their History, and the Events Which Led to Their Discovery. With a Short Explanation of Some of the Principal Natural Phenomena. For the Use of Schools and Families. Enlarged and Revised Edition. The surfaces of the brushes that bear on the commutator should be inspected to see that they are clean, and that the entire surfaces make contact with the commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair There are fifteen sections in the commutator, and each coupling is connected to a section. Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 A. Brushes should be fitted to have a bearing with the same contour as the commutator. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads If the current passes in one direction the field will be as represented by Fig. 14b; if it is reversed by the commutator, Fig. 14c is an image of the spectrum. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 But no matter how complex these various parts may seem to be, the principle is always that stated in Section 309, and the parts are limited to field magnet, commutator, and armature. General Science This will clean the brushes and shape the contact surfaces to fit the curve of the commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The commutator is formed of rings of sections. Scientific American Supplement, No. 633, February 18, 1888 A. Brushes are fitted by cutting a strip of No. O sandpaper about the width of the commutator surface. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads These vibrations are adjusted to a very narrow range, but are sufficient to close the contacts of a commutator which reverses the current at each semi-vibration of the pendulum. Scientific American Supplement, No. 613, October 1, 1887 This is accomplished by the use of a commutator. General Science When the brushes are "dressed" with sandpaper, however, they will not fit the grooves, and the commutator should be turned down in a lathe until the grooves are removed. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair The ends of the coil were next connected to the external circuit through a "commutator." Notable Events of the Nineteenth Century Great Deeds of Men and Nations and the Progress of the World Open the dynamo door and see that the brushes bear on the copper commutator. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads In this the generator G and its commutator disk 3, with the various brushes, 1, 2, 4, and 5, are arranged in the same manner as is shown in Fig. Cyclopedia of Telephony & Telegraphy Vol. 1 A General Reference Work on Telephony, etc. etc. From the brushes the current is taken to a commutator worked by a lever, which switches resistance frames placed under the car, in or out, as may be desired. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 If this condition arises, the mica should be cut down until it is slightly below the surface of the commutator. The Automobile Storage Battery Its Care And Repair At the commutator end the cover is like a truncated cone, and incloses the connections completely. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 A. The commutator must be kept clean, free from dirt and grease; the mica must be kept filed down about one-sixty-fourth of an inch below the surface of the bars. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads An ampere meter and a commutator are introduced between the battery and the electrolysis apparatus; the former affording an excellent indication of the progress of the electrolysis. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 The same lever alters the position of the brushes on the commutator of the dynamo machine, reversing the direction of rotation, in the manner shown by the electrical hoist. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 The first dynamos were constructed with two commutator bars. Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891 One end of the cone is supported on the end plate of the armature and the other end on a ring on the commutator. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 Q. What kind of a bearing should the brush have on the commutator? The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads In order to obtain a simultaneous starting and stopping point for all these apparatus, they are connected electrically, and, through the maneuver of a commutator, are all controlled at once. Scientific American Supplement, No. 787, January 31, 1891 The commutator, or portion from which the currents developed in the armature are carried out for use, is a beautiful piece of mechanism. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 The commutator is 20 inches long, and has sixty-four parts. Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891 The accumulator had forty elements, divided into four series, each series communicating, by means of wires fixed to the floor of the car, with commutators which connected them with the dynamo used as a motor. Scientific American Supplement, No. 530, February 27, 1886 A. The commutator must be kept clean, free from dirt, and the mica must be kept filed a trifle below the surface of the copper bars. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads The commutator is turned from a piece of brass pipe, 3/4 in. inside diameter, as shown in Fig. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do The commutator and brushes, in consequence, after weeks of running, show scarcely any wear. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 The current that arrives through L passes through the lightning protector, the body of the commutator, U, the terminal, v, and the call, W, bifurcates at P, and is closed by the earth. Scientific American Supplement, No. 492, June 6, 1885 Two commutators inclosed in a box were placed on the platforms at the two ends of the carriage, so as to be available for moving in either direction. Scientific American Supplement, No. 530, February 27, 1886 Brushes sparking badly on commutator of dynamo—due to poor contact. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads True up the commutator in a lathe to the size given in Fig. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do This consists of a peculiar magnet attached to the frame of the generator, and the movable armature of which has connections to the supports of the commutator brushes for controlling their position. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 The commutator is arranged to short-circuit each of these coils in succession, and twice in a revolution, and for a period of 90-degrees of rotation each. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 The accumulators were divided into four series of ten double elements, which, by means of the commutators, could be united under four combinations, viz.: 1st. Scientific American Supplement, No. 530, February 27, 1886 Q. Why should sandpaper be used to smooth commutator instead of emery cloth? The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads The protruding ends of the coils are connected to the pins in the commutator segments after the starting end of one coils is joined to the finishing end of the next adjacent. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do It may be stated, without fear of contradiction, that no other commutator made is so thoroughly insulated and protected. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 The commutator short-circuits the armature coils in succession in the proper positions to utilize the repulsive effect set up by the currents which are induced in them by the alternations in the field coils. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 The current is made to pass into the series of voltameters by means of a commutator, and its intensity is shown by a Deprez galvanometer. Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883 A. Brushes should be fitted to have a bearing with the same contour as the commutator, with bearing covering no less than two of the commutator bars, nor more than three of the bars. The Traveling Engineers' Association To Improve The Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads Neither commutator nor slip rings are required, and all sparking is avoided. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do This feature of air insulation is peculiar to this system, and is very important as a factor in the durability of the commutator. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 It was in his machine also that mica was used for the first time as an insulating medium in a commutator. Edison, His Life and Inventions This current is purely a secondary effect, of short duration, and only occurs once at each break of the commutator. Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884 P is the pile; C is the dial; and A is the commutator. Scientific American Supplement, No. 417, December 29, 1883 Each half of the commutator C is connected to the coils AA as shown in Fig. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do The three commutator segments virtually constitute a single copper ring, mounted in free air, and cut into three equal pieces by slots across its face. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 The heating of solid armatures, the only kind then known, and poor insulation in the commutators, also gave rise to serious losses. Edison, His Life and Inventions The commutators, as regards their brushes, are so arranged that when M and M¹ are in action, S and S¹ are out of action, and vice versa. Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884 The commutator, e, is arranged to prevent sparking when the brushes leave a contact piece. Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883 The flanges were removed from an ordinary spool and two strips of brass fastened on its circumference for the commutator. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do These commutator brushes are carried by movable supports, and their position is automatically regulated so as to control the strength of the developed current—a feature not found in other systems. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 His answer was that the air-spaces constituted the value of his plan, as the particles of graphite falling into them would be thrown out by the action of centrifugal force as the commutator revolved. Edison, His Life and Inventions Let us now suppose the apparatus at rest, and the brushes in electrical contact with the main commutators, M and M¹. Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884 To remedy this and cause the currents to flow always in the same direction, the "commutator" was devised. Steam, Steel and Electricity The commutator is made from a thin piece of copper, 1 in. in diameter and cut as shown in Fig. The Boy Mechanic: Volume 1 700 Things for Boys to Do The commutator is peculiar, consisting of only three segments of a copper ring, while in the simplest of other continuous current generators several times that number exist, and frequently 120! segments are to be found. Scientific American Supplement, No. 388, June 9, 1883 He suggested the cutting out of the mica pieces almost to the bottom, leaving the commutator bars separated by air-spaces. Edison, His Life and Inventions The spindle and commutators are rotated by the pulley, P. L is an incandescent lamp in the shunt circuit. Scientific American Supplement, No. 447, July 26, 1884 He caused the current, after it had been rectified by the commutator, to return again into coils of wire round the legs of his field magnets, as shown in the diagram. Steam, Steel and Electricity The commutator was in bad shape and the brushes terribly corroded. Darkness and Dawn It consists of a single armature core with a motor winding and a generator winding on it and each of these has its own commutator. The Radio Amateur's Hand Book Carbon for commutator brushes has been superseded by graphite in some cases, the latter material being found much more advantageous, electrically. Edison, His Life and Inventions Or, "Them commutators are often the seat of trouble, for oftentimes they wear down and don't break the spark right." The Motormaniacs The current is drawn off from the ring by two copper "brushes" b, be which rub upon the bars of the commutator at opposite ends of a diameter, as shown. The Story of Electricity After Edison had decided this question, Upton made drawings and tables from which the real armatures were wound and connected to the commutator. Edison, His Life and Inventions Thus in figure 42 where C is the commutator and b b' the brushes, M is a shunt circuit through the magnets, and E is the external or working circuit of the machine. The Story of Electricity Edison also improved the armature by dividing it and the commutator into a far greater number of sections than up to that time had been the practice. Edison, His Life and Inventions The leading wires W W convey the current from the brushes of the commutator to the external circuit. The Story of Electricity |
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