| 单词 | collectivization |
| 例句 | In the years following the Revolution it was able to step into this commanding position almost unopposed, because the whole process was represented as an act of collectivization. 1984 1949-06-08T00:00:00Z The first Five-Year Plan seized this land for the state under a program called “collectivization.” A Thousand Sisters 2019-01-22T00:00:00Z In addition to the collectivization of farms, the Five-Year Plans also aimed to industrialize the USSR. A Thousand Sisters 2019-01-22T00:00:00Z In the 1940s, Dobzhansky would attack these questions directly: he would eventually become one of the most strident scientific critics of Nazi eugenics, Soviet collectivization, and European racism. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Mr. Kotkin argues convincingly that Stalin was that rare individual whose decisions radically changed history, and his next volume, on collectivization, promises to further develop the thesis. ‘Stalin: Paradoxes of Power’ by Stephen Kotkin 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z Thanks to its rugged terrain and its great distance from Bucharest, Maramures avoided communist farm collectivization — so people still tend their small family plots by hand. Romania’s countryside: A land that time forgot 2017-08-15T04:00:00Z It was not until Trotsky had been packed off into exile that Stalin could be ready to undertake his truly revolutionary and “earth-shattering” work of collectivization. ‘Stalin,’ by Stephen Kotkin 2014-11-26T05:00:00Z Both were homicidal paranoiacs, determined to deport, enslave and exterminate entire categories of human beings: in Stalin’s case, the kulaks during the collectivization campaign; in Hitler’s, not just Jews but Slavs, Romani and numerous others. Stalin, Hitler and the Temptations of Totalitarianism 2017-10-18T04:00:00Z “UFO in Her Eyes” is a political fable in which Mao Zedong’s ideals of enforced collectivization, when applied to Chinese capitalism, wreak havoc once the initial euphoria subsides. Movie Review: ‘UFO in Her Eyes,’ a Chinese Satire, at MoMA 2012-06-12T23:02:22Z Mr. Hitchens deplored the “collectivization of gaiety” at Christmas, the “compulsory bad taste,” the “long letters of confessional drool” that families mail. Review: Christopher Hitchens Expounds in ‘And Yet ...’ 2015-11-24T05:00:00Z Scholars who argue collectivization was necessary to force Russian peasants into a modern state are “dead wrong.” ‘Stalin: Paradoxes of Power’ by Stephen Kotkin 2015-01-08T05:00:00Z The countryside, once flourishing despite poor soil, and the supplier of a fifth of Germany’s wheat, lies undrained and neglected after decades of collectivization. Books of The Times: ?Forgotten Land? by Max Egremont - Review 2011-12-28T22:10:01Z In Catalonia these actions were accompanied by the spontaneous collectivization of farms, businesses, and local government. The war that made Orwell 2014-01-11T15:00:00Z Starting in 1929, the Soviet state imposed the collectivization of agriculture, forcing millions of peasants to abandon their farms and villages and move to gigantic new collective farms. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Stalin speeded the drive to collectivization, and local officials did what they could to comply with the new targets for grain collection. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Ukrainian villages have bounced back before, from war, famine and collectivization. At Ukraine’s Gravesites, a Spring Ritual Hints at Renewal 2023-04-24T04:00:00Z There, she discovered that Mao’s earlier experiment with collectivization had been a disaster. She Witnessed Mao’s Worst Excesses. Now She Has a Warning for the World. 2023-01-13T05:00:00Z Forced collectivization of agriculture under Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor as the Soviet leader, drove a wave of famine in the early 1930s. 100 Years Since the Birth of the Soviet Union, in Pictures 2022-12-30T05:00:00Z Despite falling abysmally short of its production goals, where collectivization “succeeded” was in destroying the age-old bonds between the peasants and the land. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z The failures of collectivization spelled deaths for millions in the Soviet Union. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Resistance to collectivization and the policy’s inefficiencies aggravated famines; Ukraine’s 1932-33 “Holodomor” killed an estimated 4 million people, and many term it an outright genocide. Fallen colossus: USSR’s terror, triumphs began 100 years ago 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z The death toll from forced collectivization in Ukraine was staggering. Europe’s parliament declares 1930s famine in Ukraine ‘genocide,’ says episode mirrors current events 2022-12-15T05:00:00Z Ukrainian historians argue that the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin orchestrated a famine brought on by the Soviets’ forced collectivization of farms to crush Ukrainian aspirations for independence. As Ukraine Marks Anniversary of Famine, Officials Draw Parallels to Russia’s Strikes 2022-11-26T05:00:00Z Ukrainian historians argue that Stalin, as head of the Soviet Union, used a famine brought on by the Soviets’ forced collectivization of farms to crush Ukrainian aspirations for independence. Pope Francis compares Russia’s war against Ukraine to a devastating Stalin-era famine. 2022-11-23T05:00:00Z Accordingly, the collectivization of Polish agriculture was ended, Soviet advisers were sent home, political prisoners were released, and greater freedom was given to the Roman Catholic Church. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z No, China is probably not headed for another famine like the one that killed millions as a result of Mao’s insistence on a disruptive bid for simultaneous industrialization and agriculture collectivization between 1958 and 1962. Opinion | For China, Xi’s coronavirus policy is a great leap backward 2022-10-18T04:00:00Z Nearly a century ago, the Soviet Union waged a brutal war on Ukrainian peasants during the collectivization of agriculture, a top-down drive to modernize rural production that resulted in famine, death and destruction of agriculture. Perspective | Ukrainian farms feed Europe and China. Russia wants to end that. 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z Joseph Stalin had launched the mass collectivization of agriculture, a brutal process of forcing the peasants into collective farms and punishing those known as kulaks who were somewhat better off. Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union, dies at 91 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was born to a peasant family on March 2, 1931, amid one of dictator Josef Stalin’s most savage endeavors, the forced collectivization of agriculture that left millions of rural Russians to starve. Mikhail Gorbachev has died, Soviet Union's last leader helped end Cold War 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z More than half the nation’s livestock was lost under collectivization in the 1930s, and the numbers did not recover until the 1950s. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Between 1932 and 1933, for example, the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, implemented an agrarian collectivization program in Ukraine. Introduction to Philosophy 2022-06-15T00:00:00Z During the Holodomor — which means death by hunger — Stalin sought to put down resistance to collectivization by blocking rural Ukrainians from accessing food. Ukraine says Russia is stealing grain, which could worsen food crisis 2022-05-05T04:00:00Z His grandfather on his father’s side, Andrei, rejected collectivization and tried to make it on his own. Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union, dies at 91 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z British journalist Walter Duranty had won a Pulitzer Prize in 1932 for his stories on the supposed success of collectivization and other Soviet policies. Cut off from food, Ukrainians recall famine under Stalin, which killed 4 million of them 2022-03-12T05:00:00Z The problems surrounding collectivization also led many within the Communist Party to question the wisdom of Stalin’s decisions. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z In 1932 and 1933, millions of Ukrainians perished in what the Ukrainians call the Holodomor, or the starvation, when Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin enforced agricultural “collectivization,” stripping peasant farmers of their land and produce. Opinion | The Ukraine war could leave hundreds of millions hungry around the world 2022-03-07T05:00:00Z Has he never heard of the Stalin-approved famine in Ukraine, the collectivization of Soviet agriculture, the exile of the “kulaks” to Siberia? Opinion | Unraveling the long, bitter history between the United States and Russia 2021-12-30T05:00:00Z The losses for Russia in the 1990s were nothing like the horrors of collectivization. Climate-change transition in the Age of Billionaires 2021-10-07T04:00:00Z Mao Zedong used the phrase “common prosperity” in the 1950s, in the early stages of pushing China toward socialist collectivization that culminated in a disastrous Great Leap into communism. Warning of Income Gap, Xi Tells China’s Tycoons to Share Wealth 2021-09-07T04:00:00Z He also began the collectivization of agriculture by forcing peasants to labor together on state-owned farms instead of tending to farms worked by individual families. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z When the collectivization of agriculture in Ukraine failed to produce the yields that Stalin expected, his response was to blame local party authorities, the Ukrainian people and foreign spies. The War on History Is a War on Democracy 2021-06-29T04:00:00Z In 1958, the party launched the Great Leap Forward, a plan of forced agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization. Pictures From a Revolution: China’s Communists Mark a Centennial 2021-06-30T04:00:00Z Soviet collectivization policies in the 1930s tried to turn herding into just another job that workers punched in and out of, rather than a way of life. In the Arctic, Reindeer Are Sustenance and a Sacred Presence 2020-11-09T05:00:00Z The Uzbeks witnessed massive collectivization and industrialization; religion was proscribed; in 1927, Hujum, which means “assault” in Uzbek, was enacted under Stalin. In Uzbekistan, Coming to Terms With the Country’s Dazzling History 2020-05-11T04:00:00Z Joseph Stalin did not starve millions of his subjects through efficiency but because of blunders in collectivization of previously efficient family farms. Opinion | Readers critique The Post: Misusing ‘shelter in place’ and offering conflicting accounts 2020-03-27T04:00:00Z The five-year plan had brought “dekulakization,” the deportation of peasants deemed more prosperous than others, and “collectivization,” the appropriation of agrarian land by the state. The War on History Is a War on Democracy 2021-06-29T04:00:00Z They survived the forced collectivization of the early Soviet Union. In fast-thawing Siberia, radical climate change is warping the Earth beneath the feet of millions 2019-10-04T04:00:00Z But the practice largely faded in the early 20th century, when the Soviet authorities confiscated livestock from nomads during collectivization. How Many Humps on a Camel? In Kazakhstan, It’s Complicated 2019-09-01T04:00:00Z An expert from the committee wrote that the only way to “fully increase the productivity of the indigenous economy” was “collectivization in the north.” When the Soviet Union Freed the Arctic from Capitalist Slavery 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z “Without collectivization,” he told the German newspaper Die Zeit, “overcoming capitalism is inconceivable.” Faced with their own demise, Europe’s social democrats are moving left 2019-05-18T04:00:00Z While stopping short of full-scale Soviet-Cuban-style collectivization, the Sandinista government confiscated and redistributed many private farms and businesses in the early 1980s. Sander-nista? Archives show Bernie’s past praise of socialist revolutionaries 2019-04-29T04:00:00Z But by the end of Mao’s disastrous 27-year reign of collectivization, state command and brutality, the country was deeply impoverished, barely able to feed itself. Trump trade war slows China economy growth 2019-03-19T04:00:00Z This forced collectivization was framed as a civilizing mission to modernize a population whom many Russians had long viewed as primitive barbarians. Can China Turn the Middle of Nowhere Into the Center of the World Economy? 2019-01-30T05:00:00Z The simultaneous experience of collectivization and purges increased the number of reindeer collective farms in the Anadyr region to twenty-one by 1940. When the Soviet Union Freed the Arctic from Capitalist Slavery 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z And he asserted that Kühnert, while asking the right questions, is “wrong” to think that collectivization of private companies is the answer. Faced with their own demise, Europe’s social democrats are moving left 2019-05-18T04:00:00Z In 1929, Lenin’s successor Joseph Stalin led the total collectivization of farms – making them all government property. Top 5 failed socialist promises: From Lenin to Chavez 2019-01-24T05:00:00Z During the grim, ironically named Great Leap Forward, a period of mass collectivization that lasted from 1958 to 1962, tens of millions died of starvation as China’s agricultural sector was devastated. Trump trade war slows China economy growth 2019-03-19T04:00:00Z One logical solution would be commemorative structures to honor the millions of Ukrainian peasants starved to death by Stalin during his forced collectivization of farms in the early 1930s. Opinion | How Ukraine can commemorate its history 2018-11-21T05:00:00Z From there, the White House officials argue that certain Democrats’ health-care proposals “are similar in spirit to Lenin and Mao” and on par with communist dictators’ disastrous attempts at forced collectivization of agriculture. Opinion | The latest lesson in Trumponomics 101 2018-10-30T04:00:00Z The organizers hope to resurrect nomadic traditions, especially those of Central Asia, whose cultures were pushed toward extinction by decades of Soviet collectivization and then globalization. Horseback Wrestling. Bone Tossing. Dead Goat Polo. Let the Nomad Games Begin! 2018-09-16T04:00:00Z So, too, was he unsuccessful in advising against collectivization programs in South Vietnam and against “reeducation” efforts that forced an estimated 300,000 South Vietnamese officials, soldiers and supporters into prison camps. Bui Tin, Vietnamese communist soldier turned dissident, dies at 90 2018-08-13T04:00:00Z “However hard I tried,” he wrote, “I just could not see anything in my memories that had to deal with collectivization, killings, political trials, endless bread lines, imprisoned free thinkers,” and so on. Are Things Getting Better or Worse? 2018-07-16T04:00:00Z It follows Gareth Jones, a British journalist, who in the 1930s reported on the ascent of Germany’s Nazi Party and traveled to the Soviet Union to document mass starvation caused by Joseph Stalin’s farm collectivization. Europe's rising nationalism is putting pressure on film directors and the stories they tell 2018-07-14T04:00:00Z The same collectivization programs that discouraged their use resulted in the loss of much traditional knowledge. Could Dogs Help Save the Mongolian Steppe? 2018-02-15T05:00:00Z He was born in 1961, during a catastrophic period known as the Great Leap Forward, when Mao Zedong’s program of industrialization and agricultural collectivization resulted in famine and tens of millions of deaths. How Nathan Chen Became an Artist 2018-02-15T05:00:00Z They passed along complaints they overheard from Ukrainian communists about the grotesque results of collectivization. The deliberate starvation of millions in Ukraine 2017-11-03T04:00:00Z Any independent farmer who resisted such collectivization was labeled a “kulak” — an enemy of the Communist state — and sometimes killed. Review | ‘Bitter Harvest’: Ukrainian famine is rendered as heavy-handed melodrama 2017-02-23T05:00:00Z In the name of collectivization, the state strips farmers of their land and other property and confiscates most of their harvest, forcing many to kill their horses for meat. Tragic story of the Holodomor is reduced to cliché in historical drama 'Bitter Harvest' 2017-02-23T05:00:00Z The forced collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s cost the lives of between six and eight million people, especially in Ukraine. American bounty, from one data point 2016-11-23T05:00:00Z But following the death by starvation of 30 million people, the forced collectivization of land was rolled back and families were bequeathed a small plot — typically 1.6 acres, like Liu’s — to farm and feed themselves. Can China Reform Its Agriculture Industry Fast Enough to Feed Its People? 2016-08-17T04:00:00Z His signature policy, associated with his name, was the collectivization of agriculture, which coincided with his consolidation of personal power. The deliberate starvation of millions in Ukraine 2017-11-03T04:00:00Z Liu Shaoqi, China’s president, relaxed collectivization to undo some of the damage of the Great Leap Forward and became the leading target of Cultural Revolution attacks. Explaining China’s Cultural Revolution 2016-05-14T04:00:00Z Her face crumpled as she talked about the hunger that followed Mao’s agricultural collectivization and industrialization campaign, when the local state-run canteen distributed two small meals a day. Venerating Mao, Even Where Famine Remains a Memory 2016-01-13T05:00:00Z While Tibetans back in Aba starved as a result of forced collectivization of their farmlands and animals, Gonpo initially lived in comfort. Tibet's last princess gives a rare interview 2015-09-11T04:00:00Z But if Bourke-White saw any of the suffering that attended collectivization, she did not reveal so in words. How One Photographer Captured the Soviet Union's Dramatic Rise as the U.S. Economy Tanked 2015-08-28T04:00:00Z While at Hoover, Conquest again wrote about Stalin's regime in "The Harvest of Sorrow," which depicted the brutal collectivization of Soviet farms under Stalin. Historian Robert Conquest, who documented horrors of Stalin's Soviet regime, dies at 98 2015-08-05T04:00:00Z Once Stalin became dictator while Lenin was still alive, collectivization and the bloodletting of the 1930s were foreordained, Kotkin says. Book review: ‘Stalin: Volume 1, Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928,’ by Stephen Kotkin 2014-12-19T05:00:00Z Agricultural collectivization and backyard steel mills proved to be an economic catastrophe. China Poised For Global Leadership? Time To Bury Mao Zedong, The Greatest Mass Murderer In History 2014-07-31T04:00:00Z Stacked up against South Korea, whose economy it once outmuscled, and China, which has gone from failed collectivization to the world's second-largest economy, Pyongyang faces some tough choices. Insight: Won for the money: North Korea experiments with exchange rates 2013-11-03T21:02:31Z His policies of forced farm collectivization and political repressions killed millions, and an estimated 27 million Soviet soldiers and civilians were killed during World War Two. Stalingrad victory offers Putin patriotic platform 2013-02-01T17:32:16Z The line was later pushed back to include collectivization in the early 1950s, Karl said. As China enters new era, how much of Mao will stay? 2012-11-06T21:05:24Z Everywhere, people starved, as collectivization led to reduced output, the government requisitioned grain and people were forced to eat in communal canteens where rations were controlled by the people in charge. Letter from China: A Great Leap Into the Abyss 2012-09-05T12:00:38Z In an article titled "Dizzy with Success" in the Soviet Communist Party newspaper Pravda in 1930, Stalin criticized party officials for perceived errors in implementing his agricultural collectivization campaign. Russia's Medvedev echoes Stalin in party exhortation 2011-10-08T16:54:01Z Chancellor Angela Merkel yesterday told members of her Christian Democratic Union party that she opposed a “collectivization” of debt that would leave the bloc’s members worse off. Schaeuble Says Common Bonds Would Create ‘Inflation Community’ 2011-08-20T17:20:01Z German Chancellor Merkel rejected the idea of jointly issued euro-area bonds, saying that a “collectivization” of the region’s debt would leave euro members worse off. Stocks Slide on Economy as Euro Strengthens on Bond Comments 2011-08-19T18:46:04Z “There is no collectivization of debt or unlimited support,” he told the German magazine. Merkel to Meet Sarkozy as Investors Push for Euro Bonds Signal 2011-08-15T22:26:43Z Schaeuble said Germany remains against any collectivization of euro zone governments' debt and creating common euro bonds is impossible while countries run separate economic policy. German government no longer rules out euro bonds: report 2011-08-14T12:17:09Z Millions of people were killed in prisons, forced collectivization, party purges and deportations of whole ethnic groups. Stalin?s Ghost Haunts Russia?s Moment of Glory 2010-05-07T19:01:00Z Critics call Stalin a murderer for the millions of deaths in his forced collectivization and Gulag prison camps. Liberals rap Kremlin as Stalin is worshipped 2010-03-05T10:33:00Z Finally, collectivization of agriculture eliminated most of the newly enlarged small peasant class. Area Handbook for Romania Nationalization of all means of production, collectivization of agriculture, and an ambitious program of industrialization all commenced under Dimitrov. Area Handbook for Bulgaria Communist leaders made a major effort in the 1960s to eliminate old customs and other vestiges of the past that detracted from the collectivization and modernization of society. Area Handbook for Albania It was like going back in time to the Lost Islands, that isolated little region of Vogar that had eluded collectivization until the year he was sixteen. The Helpful Hand of God Agricultural development remained hampered by labor shortages, salinization, and dislocations caused by previous land reform and collectivization programs. The 1993 CIA World Factbook Small private farms survive mainly in the mountainous regions where collectivization is impractical. Area Handbook for Romania The already dying patriarchal system was dealt its final blow with the elimination of inheritance through nationalization of industry and commerce and collectivization of agriculture. Area Handbook for Bulgaria Differences in physical appearance persist, but the breakup of clans and moves toward collectivization of society after World War II diminished the most distinguishing feature, their social system. Area Handbook for Albania Agricultural development remains hampered by labor shortages, salinization, and dislocations caused by previous land reform and collectivization programs. The 1990 CIA World Factbook Agricultural collectivization—initiated in 1946—was begun in the form of cooperative farming. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The government actively courted the peasants in order to win them over to its policy of collectivization. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The blow to his pride and to his traditional position in society was complete when collectivization deprived him of his precious land. Area Handbook for Bulgaria A major factor has been the collectivization of agriculture. Area Handbook for Albania In a less formal vein, wool-cording and spinning bees were important features of rural social life before collectivization. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The goals of nationalization of all industry and collectivization of agriculture were achieved early in the communist era, and the efforts of the party-government ever since have been toward increased efficiency. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The regime's policy of complete agricultural collectivization has been distressing for the peasant class. Area Handbook for Albania Under the communist government, the first near-complete collectivization program served to increase the size of farmland units in collective and state farms to an average of about 10,000 acres each. Area Handbook for Bulgaria These steps were followed by a program of rapid industrialization, with the consequent creation of a strong working class, and the collectivization of agriculture, supposedly resulting in the formation of a homogeneous peasant class. Area Handbook for Albania Nevertheless, the leadership has publicly credited the advance in agricultural production to the collectivization of farms. Area Handbook for Albania |
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