| 单词 | collective farm |
| 例句 | “First, we sign that we agree to join this collective farm.” Between Shades of Gray 2011-03-22T00:00:00Z We were on a kolkhoz, a collective farm, and I was to become a beet farmer. Between Shades of Gray 2011-03-22T00:00:00Z Little caps, like something a peasant woman working in a Soviet collective farm might have donned, topped off all the looks. YSL does fall-winter 2011-12 in a nutshell 2011-03-07T23:05:18Z Like thousands of villages dotted across Russia, the remote Siberian village of Sibilyakovo emptied after the closure of its state-run collective farm following the 1991 collapse of the Soviet planned economy. Russian village's last teacher stays on for her one remaining pupil 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z The anonymous camera operators, shooting in color and in black and white in far-flung shipyards, factories, oil fields and collective farms, are Loznitsa’s vital collaborators. ‘State Funeral’ Review: Saying Goodbye to Stalin 2021-05-06T04:00:00Z They always lived in a collective farm here, in some collective. A Defunct Collective Finds Its Muse 2010-06-24T11:30:00Z She said her strong connection to Israel dates back to 1967, when she volunteered on a kibbutz, or collective farm, with her Jewish boyfriend at the time. Helen Mirren criticises Israel boycotters 2016-06-24T04:00:00Z His "Bright Stream," a comedy set on a Soviet collective farm, was back from last year and still charming, giving a host of ABT principals a chance to let loose. One more emotional farewell ends strong ABT season 2012-07-10T18:53:10Z They made a life there, planting rice on collective farms and speaking Russian because Korean was banned by the Soviet regime. At Cafe Lily, the Korean-Uzbek Menu Evokes a Past Exodus 2017-02-16T05:00:00Z That life ends for Zuleikha when Red Army soldiers show up to confiscate Murtaza’s property and force him to join a collective farm. Russian novel tells story of survival, love in Stalin’s camp 2019-01-14T05:00:00Z The collective farms that were once the backbone of the Zionist dream may have largely abandoned their socialist roots in favor of a free economy driven by high technology and industrial ventures. Scene/Seen: In Israel, Galleries With a Kibbutz Soul 2011-02-11T12:30:05Z Under the government’s hukou system, Chang and his family were registered as rural workers, which restricted them to collective farms that grew rice, sweet potatoes and a limited number of other products. How chef Peter Chang stopped running and started empire-building 2015-03-16T04:00:00Z Mr. Ratmansky refers to the historical truth of those collective farms by bringing on the Grim Reaper amid the comedy in Act II. Dance Review: Peasants Having Fun Down on the Old Soviet Farm 2011-06-12T22:38:30Z Many people there and in surrounding villages were left without work after the collective farm fell apart. A Defunct Collective Finds Its Muse 2010-06-24T11:30:00Z Set on a Soviet collective farm, the ballet tells the tale of what happens when artists arrive to take part in a harvest festival. Have Any Point Shoes In a Man?s Size 9? 2011-06-03T18:22:07Z Today not a scrap remains of the collective farm that Chaim and others struggled to sustain here on a few precipitous acres. When History Speaks 2010-10-02T04:09:00Z Unlike the monstrously abusive penal colony so powerfully portrayed in Varlam Shalamov’s “Kolyma Tales,” and despite the unforgiving climate, their settlement shows signs of growing into the equivalent of a functioning collective farm. Exiled to Siberia: A First Novel Revisits Stalin’s Great Purge 2019-03-01T05:00:00Z Fellow prisoners become an extended family of sorts while working at a collective farm harvesting potatoes and beets. Dark time in Lithuania told in `Shades of Gray' 2011-04-07T19:44:14Z His parents grew up on a collective farm in Ukraine before emigrating to western Canada soon after World War II. He?s Had Work: Preserving the Face of a Revolution 2010-02-26T05:24:00Z Their land is to be seized and turned into collective farms, while the farmers are to be slaughtered or deported to prison camps. Exiled to Siberia: A First Novel Revisits Stalin’s Great Purge 2019-03-01T05:00:00Z These involved criticisms of collective farms and mentions of military defeats or of labor camps. How the Soviet Literary Establishment Censored Vasily Grossman 2019-06-19T04:00:00Z It’s one of the many ways in which “Bright Stream” is a comedy, set in the unlikely locale of a Soviet collective farm. Dance Review: American Ballet Theater’s ‘Bright Stream’ at the Met 2012-05-30T21:28:34Z He invited artist friends from Moscow, and also hired Uncle Vanya from the village and a few workers from a failing collective farm nearby. Journeys: Art Sprouts in Russia 2010-10-02T05:01:00Z At 14, Olena began working at the nearby kolkhoz, a Soviet collective farm, raising beets and tobacco, a job that spanned more than 40 years — until the fall of the Soviet Union. On Christmas Eve in Ukraine, the Church Is Chilly (or Is It?) 2017-12-23T05:00:00Z Based on a moshav, or collective farm, in central Israel, Mr Sade is the founder of tech firm BloomX. Farmers turn to tech as bees struggle to pollinate 2023-09-24T04:00:00Z Starting in 1929, the Soviet state imposed the collectivization of agriculture, forcing millions of peasants to abandon their farms and villages and move to gigantic new collective farms. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Full prohibition of collective farm trade for both collective farms and collective farmers, and for private farmers. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Opposition to the plan has largely come from the kibbutzim, gated communities that were founded as collective farms but often now look more like leafy suburbs. The 2 Israels: Court Crisis Is Front Line for Dueling Visions of a Nation’s Future 2023-05-07T04:00:00Z It complained of "direct and brutal interference" in domestic affairs, in a country that has been ruled with an iron first for nearly three decades by ex-Soviet collective farm boss Lukashenko. Belarus says it will host Russian nuclear weapons to counter NATO 2023-03-28T04:00:00Z Rena Gluck’s company visited theaters, village squares and kibbutz collective farms with modern dance performances built around Graham’s percussive and muscular techniques of form and flow. Rena Gluck, modern dancer who reshaped Israeli stage, dies at 89 2023-02-26T05:00:00Z Hukou dates from the famines many of China's pensioners endured as Mao experimented with collective farms, starting in the 1950s. Rust belt province got old before it got rich, as much of China will 2023-02-28T05:00:00Z Investigation and purge of collective farms in these villages, with removal of counterrevolutionary elements and organizers of grain collection disruption. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Members of a collective farm near Moscow, New Life, left their children in a nursery before going to work in 1931. 100 Years Since the Birth of the Soviet Union, in Pictures 2022-12-30T05:00:00Z Stalin incorporated private landholdings into state and collective farms. Fallen colossus: USSR’s terror, triumphs began 100 years ago 2022-12-29T05:00:00Z Przewodow is in one of Poland’s poorest areas, with small villages scattered across fields and forests, many of them, like Przewodow, former collective farms under communism. In a Polish Village, Renewed Fears of War Spilling Over From Ukraine 2022-11-16T05:00:00Z For decades, it was the home of Amos Oz, a novelist considered an icon of the Israeli left, and a collective farm whose members shared agricultural duties. After Near Wipeout in Election, Israeli Left Wonders: What Now? 2022-11-09T05:00:00Z By 1939, more than 90 percent of the peasants had been forced to live and work on collective farms. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z Families of a collective farm gathered for a meal in Ukraine in 1947. 100 Years Since the Birth of the Soviet Union, in Pictures 2022-12-30T05:00:00Z In 1968 he traveled to Israel to study the moshav, or collective farm, movement. Charles Sherrod, Civil Rights Pioneer in Rural Georgia, Dies at 85 2022-10-15T04:00:00Z Joseph Stalin had launched the mass collectivization of agriculture, a brutal process of forcing the peasants into collective farms and punishing those known as kulaks who were somewhat better off. Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union, dies at 91 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z Both his grandfathers were peasants, collective farm chairmen and members of the Communist Party, as was his father. Gorbachev, who redirected course of 20th century, dies at 91 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z The population was made to labor in work camps and on collective farms, and some died as a result of disease and starvation. World History: from 1400 2022-12-14T00:00:00Z His parents both worked on collective farms and the young Gorbachev operated combine harvesters while in his teens. Obituary: Mikhail Gorbachev - Soviet leader who helped end Cold War 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z Trained as a history teacher, he joined the army before becoming director of a collective farm. In Lukashenko’s dictatorship, enemies are shamed and the West is shunned 2022-08-13T04:00:00Z On his return, he became a leader of the collective farm. Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union, dies at 91 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z Some of the Russians and their armored vehicles were holed up in a tractor garage by the cattle pens and had stopped people from working at the collective farm, called Husarivkse. ‘They Are Gone, Vanished’: Missing Persons Haunt Ukrainian Village 2022-04-17T04:00:00Z After working in collective farms when Ukraine was under Soviet rule, Mr. Tkachenko bought about 15 acres of land and seven cows in 2005. ‘Everything Was Destroyed’: War Hits Ukraine’s Farms 2022-04-10T04:00:00Z The former head of a small collective farm, he was elected to Parliament in 1990 but remained unknown until he became head of an anticorruption committee three years later. The Battle for the Mural — and the Future of Belarus 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z The government expected that the modern machinery on the collective farms would boost food production and reduce the number of workers. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z The charges were similarly absurd, that he had been a member of a counterrevolutionary organization and sabotaged the collective farm’s work. Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union, dies at 91 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z "My father had to give everything to the collective farm - our cow, horse, even our bucket. My mother was very angry," says Mr Mohalat. Ukraine's Great Famine memories fuel Kremlin resentment 2022-02-11T05:00:00Z Many had fallen into a slowly degrading limbo: The kolkhoz, or collective farm, that once stood in the heart of Senkivka was abandoned, graffiti on its walls warning that the building was liable to collapse. Russian troops near northern Ukraine raise fears in a tiny border village 2022-02-09T05:00:00Z She banned the play “Alive,” depicting a cunning peasant’s struggle against the collective farm system. Three decades after the Soviet era, this Moscow street echoes what was. And hints where Russia is heading. Later, to further Mao’s socialist principles, the government forced peasants to join collective farms. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z He grew up in these hills, the son of early Zionists who helped build one of the area’s first Jewish collective farms, or kibbutzim. Whose Promised Land?A Journey Into a Divided Israel 2021-10-25T04:00:00Z The Israeli entrepreneur says he became fascinated with grasshoppers as a child, after hearing stories from his grandmother, who was the cook on a kibbutz, or collective farm. The edible insects coming to a supermarket near you 2021-09-22T04:00:00Z The museum, housed in a grand villa built before the war as a summer retreat and then confiscated by Hoxha’s communists, closed decades ago, along with the clinic and the collective farm. Guarding the Last Likeness of a Loathed Dictator? It’s a Thankless Job. 2021-08-16T04:00:00Z Those of us who stayed in Laos were forced to work on collective farms or interned in reeducation camps. Opinion | Sunisa Lee didn’t owe the U.S. gold. Her victory is a gift, especially to her Hmong community. 2021-07-29T04:00:00Z This plan called for still larger collective farms, or communes. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z People took to the streets in unprecedented numbers demanding the resignation of the former collective farm boss who has ruled the country for the last 26 years. A police officer with a conscience who left Belarus 2020-11-30T05:00:00Z The departures of Peterson, Roberts and Conaway will cost the agriculture committees 85 years of collective farm policy experience, he said. Key departures signal agriculture shakeup for Capitol Hill 2020-11-10T05:00:00Z His opponents say it was rigged to hand the former Soviet collective farm boss a sixth term. Hackers leak data on 1,000 Belarusian police officers 2020-09-20T04:00:00Z Mr. Lukashenko, a former collective farm manager, was previously seen as an erratic and highly eccentric partner by many officials in Moscow. Embattled Belarus Leader Beset by More Protests Before Putin Summit 2020-09-13T04:00:00Z Soviet secret police herded peasants onto collective farms at the point of a bayonet. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z “The collective farm went bankrupt,”said another, evoking Lukashenko’s former position as a collective farm director and his retention of largely state-controlled Soviet-style economy for Belarus, an Eastern European nation of 9.5 million. 100,000 march in Minsk to demand Belarus leader resigns 2020-09-06T04:00:00Z Belarus — led by the former Soviet collective farm director Lukashenko for 26 years — is also one of Europe’s last wild cards between the Kremlin and the West. In tense Belarus, strongman Lukashenko turns back toward Moscow for help 2020-08-22T04:00:00Z The former collective farm director said that Nato troops in Poland and Lithuania were “seriously stirring” near their borders with Belarus and ordered his troops into full combat readiness. Lukashenko vows to defend Belarus borders as more mass protests planned 2020-08-22T04:00:00Z But “we need a new, intelligent president now, not a collective farm manager.” Embattled Belarus Leader Beset by More Protests Before Putin Summit 2020-09-13T04:00:00Z By 1938, more than 90 percent of all peasants lived on collective farms. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z A former collective farm manager, Lukashenko enjoyed genuine support at the start of his rule, appealing to voters by preserving many aspects of the Soviet-era economy, including a large but inefficient state-owned industrial sector. Belarus Says Longtime Leader Is Reelected in Vote Critics Call Rigged 2020-08-09T04:00:00Z Lukashenko, a 65-year-old former Soviet collective farm manager, is facing the biggest challenge in years to his rule and accuses protesters of being in cahoots with foreign backers to destabilise the country. Opposition floods Belarus capital as president hits out at foreign 'dirty tricks' 2020-08-06T04:00:00Z Factories and collective farms were given more incentives to increase productivity, including the right to keep surpluses. In North Korea, Coronavirus Hurts Like No Sanctions Could 2020-07-04T04:00:00Z To feed her family, Natalya worked as a milkmaid on a collective farm. 'My brothers on Europe's last death row' 2020-06-03T04:00:00Z In North Korea, the Communist dictator Kim Il Sung established collective farms, developed heavy industry, and built up the military. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Her mother was a Jewish emigre from Germany, and her father owned a collective farm, home to left-wing intellectuals as well as Holocaust refugees. Abigail Thernstrom, conservative voice on voting rights and education, dies at 83 2020-04-14T04:00:00Z His most popular project from the nineties was “Old Songs About Important Things,” a faux-retro musical set on a Soviet collective farm, in which actors crooned tunes from the Soviet songbook. The Kremlin’s Creative Director 2019-12-09T05:00:00Z Without sleighs and draft reindeer, there was no way to move the herd to new pastures; families had to join the collective farms. When the Soviet Union Freed the Arctic from Capitalist Slavery 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z He toured collective farms, met with Lenin’s widow, and was even received by Joseph Stalin for almost two hours. Moscow’s Metropol: elegance to revolution and back again 2019-07-23T04:00:00Z Under Mao’s Great Leap Forward programme, which began in 1958, farmers had been forced on to collective farms and rural workers diverted away from fields into new industries and the building of infrastructure. Can the world quench China’s bottomless thirst for milk? 2019-03-29T04:00:00Z On the way, we passed his cornfields, apportioned to him after the breakup of the collective farm. Can China Turn the Middle of Nowhere Into the Center of the World Economy? 2019-01-30T05:00:00Z He spent many years on a kibbutz, or a collective farm in the countryside, and later became one of Israel’s most robust liberal voices, condemning the country’s settlement of territory once held by Palestinian Arabs. Amos Oz, Israeli novelist who wrote of striving and struggle, dies at 79 2018-12-28T05:00:00Z The simultaneous experience of collectivization and purges increased the number of reindeer collective farms in the Anadyr region to twenty-one by 1940. When the Soviet Union Freed the Arctic from Capitalist Slavery 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z The remaining 30 miles to Simferopol are relatively flat as the bus passes vineyards and small towns and former collective farm communities. Aboard the longest trolleybus in the world in one of the most disputed places in Europe 2018-12-10T05:00:00Z “I’m proud and grateful for this collective farm.” A humanitarian crisis in Venezuela? Nothing to see here, government says 2018-10-12T04:00:00Z His parents, who had raised wheat in China, found work on a collective farm. Can China Turn the Middle of Nowhere Into the Center of the World Economy? 2019-01-30T05:00:00Z He also granted more autonomy to factories and collective farms. Kim Jong-un Focuses on Economy as Nuclear Talks With U.S. Stall 2018-08-20T04:00:00Z Each artel would become a kolkhoz, or collective farm, where workers owned their means of production, and eventually a sovkhoz, the state farm, with centralized ownership and quotas. When the Soviet Union Freed the Arctic from Capitalist Slavery 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z And they toured a collective farm to see a rice-planting device said to have been invented by the leader, moved by the plight of his famished people. Two minutes to midnight: did the US miss its chance to stop North Korea’s nuclear programme? 2018-03-30T04:00:00Z A collective farm was, they believed, easier to collect from. What there is to learn from the Soviet economic model 2017-11-09T05:00:00Z Farmers on collective farms were told by Communist Party officials that they didn't own a thing. Could giving property rights to the poor unlock trillions? 2017-11-05T04:00:00Z In August 1932, Stalin formulated a law that criminalized taking even a single grain of wheat from a collective farm. The deliberate starvation of millions in Ukraine 2017-11-03T04:00:00Z Through donations of reindeer, walrus blubber, and rubles, collective farms sponsored tank convoys. When the Soviet Union Freed the Arctic from Capitalist Slavery 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z But his economic ideas have a whiff of the “African socialism” of Julius Nyerere, the country’s founding leader, who declared a one-party state, nationalised factories and forced peasants at gunpoint onto collective farms. John Magufuli is bulldozing the opposition and wrecking the economy 2017-10-19T04:00:00Z After Communism fell, in 1989, and collective farms were broken up, that trend of leaving the countryside for the towns sharpened. Why is Bulgaria's population falling off a cliff? - BBC News 2017-09-06T04:00:00Z They are everywhere: on the walls of public buildings, at the gates of schools and at factories and collective farms. With Color and Fury, Anti-American Posters Appear in North Korea 2017-08-19T04:00:00Z After heading a local collective farm for 13 years, he now leads the life of a simple retiree, growing potatoes and sometimes selling a sack at a healthy markup in the Russian region of Smolensk. Russia-West Balancing Act Grows Ever More Wobbly in Belarus 2017-08-13T04:00:00Z For one thing, the modern traveller is often reminded of the Zionist and Israeli collective farms that are known as kvutzoth and kibutzim. The Scrolls from the Dead Sea 1955-05-06T04:00:00Z It's a former Soviet republic where the KGB is still called the KGB, and where people still work on collective farms and at state-owned vodka companies. ‘Europe’s last dictatorship’ has a new plan: Tourism 2017-01-14T05:00:00Z All around the former collective farm is the once splendid iconography of the Bolshevik order. 'Democracy was hijacked. It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z He ruined agriculture by imposing collective farms, making Cuba dependent first on the Soviets and later on oil from Hugo Chávez’s Venezuela. Fidel Castro’s Communist Example 2016-11-26T05:00:00Z Most of the farmers own small plots of land, often the carved-up remains of the Soviet Union’s collective farms, which collapsed in the 1990s. To Fight Grievances, Russian Farmer Takes Road to Vladimir Putin’s Kremlin 2016-11-22T05:00:00Z But it also stems from the collapse of the Soviet Union and with it an elaborate system of subsidized collective farms. Russia’s Acres, if Not Its Locals, Beckon Chinese Farmers 2016-07-31T04:00:00Z In that time the only reforms he’s implemented have been to let workers on collective farms keep a part of their harvest, and giving autonomy to some state-run enterprises. A history of North Korea's party congresses – what should we expect? 2016-05-05T04:00:00Z But pass the derelict villages and collective farms evacuated after the disaster 30 years ago this month, and a new skyline emerges over the ill-fated nuclear plant. 30 Years After Chernobyl Disaster, an Arch Rises to Seal Melted Reactor 2016-04-24T04:00:00Z How did a hopeful, idealistic movement whose symbol was the kibbutz collective farm become a state viewed in some quarters as an oppressor whose symbol is settlements of questionable legality? 'Colliding Dreams' explores Israel-Palestinian issue with eye on secular Zionism 2016-03-03T05:00:00Z Being forced to plant sweet potatoes on a collective farm until his fingertips bled. Review: ‘The Cowshed’ a stark reminder of dark time in China 2016-02-01T05:00:00Z She hoped to turn Detroit’s forty or so square miles of empty land into an archipelago of small, collective farms, a model, she believed, for a sustainable future. Postscript: Grace Lee Boggs 2015-10-08T04:00:00Z Every summer he worked on a collective farm. Orban the archetype 2015-09-17T04:00:00Z Collectivization, which took place between 1929 and 1931, called for the forced nationalization of the country’s agriculturally productive land and their subsequent division into state and collective farms. How One Photographer Captured the Soviet Union's Dramatic Rise as the U.S. Economy Tanked 2015-08-28T04:00:00Z On Wednesday, a half-dozen men were setting up a plinth for a commemorative stone at the entrance to Hrabove, a former Soviet collective farm. Where Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 Fell, Villagers Mark Grim Year’s Passing 2015-07-16T04:00:00Z On some collective farms, a small portion of fields is often cordoned into a grid system of plots privately cultivated and managed by families. North Korea's fledgling markets provide buffer against drought 2015-06-22T04:00:00Z A vendor sells bread at the shop of a collective farm northwest of the southern city of Stavropol, February 17, 2015. The Long History of Food—And Celebrity Chefs 2015-03-07T05:00:00Z After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Ukraine's large collective farms were divided up among the peasants. Farmers in eastern Ukraine feel the bite of conflict 2015-02-10T05:00:00Z The Republican Congress that takes office next month is no more likely to enact such legislation than it is to mandate collective farms. Employees shouldn’t be treated like products 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z It is secretly moving political prisoners out of its notorious Yodok concentration camp, in the northern part of the country, to make it look like a collective farm, it reported. U.N. human rights report says it’s time to hold North Korea to account — in court In the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine, the Supreme Soviet, as its separatist legislature is known, is nationalizing coal mines and reviving collective farms. Rebels in Eastern Ukraine Dream of Reviving Soviet Heyday 2014-10-04T04:00:00Z “It is a problem, but it is not a catastrophe,” said Mr. Polyushkin, who grew up on a collective farm here in Soviet times, when Crimea was an agricultural powerhouse. Aid Elusive, Crimea Farms Face Hurdles 2014-07-07T04:00:00Z In the village of Oktyabr, a former collective farm about an hour's drive from Donetsk, the elections will take place and the 512 eligible residents will be able to vote. Tensions mount as Ukraine prepares to elect new president 2014-05-24T04:00:00Z However, North Korean films are also screened in factory complexes, collective farms and in army units, Dr Mark Morris, a lecturer at the University of Cambridge's faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern studies, says. Ten things: North Korea's film industry 2014-01-02T00:34:03Z The crucial slogan during the Great Leap Forward, a two-year campaign where Mao encouraged peasants to join together in collective farms. 11 slogans that changed China 2013-12-26T03:20:10Z They say that Joseph Stalin wanted to starve into submission the rebellious Ukrainian peasantry and force them into collective farms. Memories of Ukraine's silent massacre 2013-11-23T01:42:47Z Across Cuba, as mills closed, many people were redeployed to collective farms; others were paid to study and re-qualify. Cuba's sugar mills get lease of life 2013-05-22T04:15:32Z But the pigs are slow-growing and require ample land on which to roam—factors which made them ill-suited to the efficiency-obsessed collective farms of the latter half of the 20th century. When Locavores Are Nationalists: Hungary is Pig Proud 2013-02-18T07:35:27Z Tero No worries, you will receive it on the way to the collective farm. Can Obama Follow Through on His Bold Inaugural Speech? 2013-01-22T20:05:25Z The kibbutz, the collective farm movement identified with Israel's early settlement of the land, long dominated military and political leadership, despite its relatively small numbers. Israeli parliament set for record influx of Orthodox lawmakers 2013-01-17T13:38:12Z However, prosecutors said she knew that people were dying from starvation and disease on collective farms, but did nothing to stop the brutality. Top Khmer Rouge leader released 2012-09-16T09:42:56Z He obtained the land by buying shares in a defunct collective farm from villagers. In Russia, Chinese-Run Farms Solve Each Side’s Needs 2012-09-10T18:08:23Z "The gist is to expand incentives for factories, individuals and collective farms to boost productivity," said Yoo Ho-yeol, a North Korea expert at Korea University. North Korea May Be Preparing Economic Reforms 2012-09-05T10:15:46Z Mr. Barak grew up on a collective farm deep within the heart of Labor Zionism, and after a long and decorated military career became chairman of the Labor Party. Netanyahu and Barak Forge a Bond on Israel?s Iran Crisis 2012-03-28T02:17:26Z As a young man Mr. Demjanjuk worked as a tractor driver for the area's collective farm. Convicted Nazi Guard Demjanjuk Dies 2012-03-17T15:24:46Z Hardest hit were the plains of South Hwanghae, whose sprawling, collective farms are essential food providers in a mountainous nation where only a fifth of land is arable and the climate is harsh. Special Report: Crisis grips North Korean rice bowl 2011-10-06T19:45:12Z In Soviet times, huge collective farms and machine works were based in Pskov. Abandon All Hope: The Russian Region That's Been Left to Die 2011-05-09T23:45:00Z In that irrigated patch downstream, Soviet advisers once ran an agricultural institute and a collective farm. At War: Reporter's Notebook: In Afghanistan, Glimpses of the Soviet Try 2011-02-21T23:49:43Z The former collective farm chief then added that after Sunday's attempt to storm the parliament building, there will be no more "stupid democracy" in Belarus.� The Moscow Power Games Behind Belarus' Election Crackdown 2010-12-20T09:05:00Z The Cossacks eventually submitted to the Soviet commissars, who built collective farms here that fed the nation. A Massacre Shows Power of Gangs in Rural Russia 2010-12-12T00:30:00Z The visit included rare access to collective farms, orphanages, hospitals, rural clinics, schools and nurseries. Special Report: Crisis grips North Korean rice bowl 2011-10-06T19:45:12Z With the harvest about half over, most investor-funded farming operations that took over from the collective farms over the last decade appear to be poised to lose some money. Drought in Russia Ripples Beyond the Wheat Fields 2010-08-27T20:40:00Z This astonishing number is still just a fraction of the 1.7 million people executed or forced onto collective farms where they died from starvation, exhaustion and medical neglect. Enemies of the People: The Khmer Rouge, Close-Up 2010-08-06T08:30:00Z Images of Mr. Lukashenko dressed in military uniforms intersperse with footage of him inspecting collective farms. In Information War, Documentary Is Latest Salvo 2010-07-31T19:01:00Z Farmers tend their own gardens as weeds overtake collective farms. View of North Korea Shows How a Policy Spread Misery 2010-06-10T01:08:00Z A woman whose house was destroyed by floods at the Soa-Ri collective farm showed the food stocks she kept in her tarpaulin tent: corn and a few green leaves. Special Report: Crisis grips North Korean rice bowl 2011-10-06T19:45:12Z Collective Farms At the beginning of 1971 there were 4,626 collective farms, officially called agricultural production cooperatives, comprising more than 22 million acres of farmland, about 18 million acres of which were arable. Area Handbook for Romania All farmworkers are entitled to a minimum wage of 80 leva per month, and members of previously independent collective farms retain their right to advance payments against their estimated final income shares. Area Handbook for Bulgaria Agriculture is organized into state and collective farms, which are dependent upon machine-tractor stations for the performance of mechanized farm operations. Area Handbook for Albania Even state and collective farms are reviving, though haltingly so. Russian Roulette: Russia's Economy in Putin's Era Interest rates of 4 percent and 2 percent, respectively, were established for state and collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania The investment share of collective farms during this period declined from about 38 to 30 percent of the total. Area Handbook for Romania Only 12.5 percent of the loan balances was due from collective farms—an amount equivalent to barely 62 percent of the sums owed by private individuals. Area Handbook for Bulgaria Absence of data on rural-urban population shifts precludes any firm estimate of the size of the collective farm labor force in 1970. Area Handbook for Albania About 11 percent of the collective farm land, however, is allocated for the personal use of members, and almost half the livestock other than horses is individually owned. Area Handbook for Romania The marketing of farm products by collective farms is based on officially fixed prices and monopoly-buying powers of state procurement agencies and the food-processing industry. Area Handbook for Romania The state owns virtually all industry and shares with collective farms ownership of more than nine-tenths of the farmland. Area Handbook for Romania The share of collective farms in cooperative market sales, however, declined from 53 percent in 1959 to 16 percent in 1970. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The collective farm statute also entitles each family to maintain a few domestic animals privately. Area Handbook for Albania Almost 61 percent of the land belonged to collective farms, including 6.6 percent in plots for the personal use of their members. Area Handbook for Romania The collective farm population consisted of almost 3.5 million families, including more than 10 million collective members. Area Handbook for Romania Nonagricultural state organizations that held land that they could not cultivate were obligated to surrender it without payment to neighboring state or collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania In the 1960-71 period the proportion of investment absorbed by state enterprises increased from 68 to 83 percent, while the share of investment devoted to collective farms declined from 18 to 8.5 percent. Area Handbook for Bulgaria This decline in acreage was brought about by a transfer of some state farmlands to small collective farms as a means of increasing their viability. Area Handbook for Albania Information on the organization of individual collective farms and of the collective farm sector as a whole is inadequate, particularly with regard to the range of responsibilities and authority of the various administrative entities. Area Handbook for Romania Farm operations are carried out in common, under the direction of an administrative and management body theoretically accountable to the general assembly, composed of all the members of a collective farm. Area Handbook for Romania A lack of significant progress in the livestock production of collective farms, despite the heavy investment, was the main reason for the drastic reduction in credits to this farm sector. Area Handbook for Romania Agroindustrial complexes composed only of collective farms and other collective organizations are called cooperative complexes. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The number and average size of collective farms have varied widely as a result of the continuing creation of new farms and the consolidation of existing units. Area Handbook for Albania Intercooperative councils are charged with responsibility for improving collective farm management by initiating and coordinating cooperation on various levels among neighboring farms for better use of their physical and human resources. Area Handbook for Romania State farms have received a disproportionate amount of investment—38 percent in the 1965-69 period, as against 34 percent for collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania To ensure repayment of the loans, recipients must conclude contracts with state procurement agencies or collective farms for the sale of their products. Area Handbook for Romania Legally, collective farm members retained ownership of the land they contributed to the collective, although they have been unable to exercise any ownership rights. Area Handbook for Bulgaria In 1968 the average size of all collective farms was reported to be about 1,400 acres of cultivated land. Area Handbook for Albania An official of the Agricultural Bank reported that, in the last few years of the 1960s, one-fourth of all collective farms set aside for investment up to 10 percent more than the maximum legal requirement. Area Handbook for Romania Investment in collective farms has also been increasingly financed by the state through long-term credits; the share of government credits rose from 13 percent in 1965 to 35 percent in 1969. Area Handbook for Romania These universities were established at cultural centers, in libraries, in museums, and at collective farms and industrial enterprises. Area Handbook for Romania Until 1961 collective farm members received a rental payment for the land in the annual distribution of the farm's income. Area Handbook for Bulgaria About 60 percent of the cattle and sheep and 85 percent of the hogs were kept on state and collective farms in 1969, as against only about 36 and 64 percent, respectively, in 1964. Area Handbook for Albania On the basis of farmland acreage, investment in collective farms in 1969 amounted to only 18 percent of the funds invested in state farms. Area Handbook for Romania More than 70 percent of the collective farm workers, but only about 10 to 15 percent of the workers on state farms, were engaged in crop production. Area Handbook for Romania This measure increases the burden on the already strained budgets of many collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania Whereas the growth of income from collective farm work amounted to 85 percent, income from private plots advanced by 147 percent. Area Handbook for Bulgaria In 1969 income taxation was abolished for individuals and for some poor collective farms in hilly and mountainous areas. Area Handbook for Albania As a consequence, per-acre yields on state farms have been generally higher than yields on collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania Mechanized work on farms is carried on by permanent teams composed of agricultural mechanics and collective farm members. Area Handbook for Romania Not all the collective farm members participate in the work of the collective. Area Handbook for Romania On the basis of cultivated acreage, state farms received more investment than collective farms, but the disproportion was gradually reduced and become quite small by 1970. Area Handbook for Bulgaria The agricultural organization consists of two types of farms: state farms, operated under the direction of either the central or the local government, and collective farms. Area Handbook for Albania At the beginning of the decade of the 1970s about 40 percent of the income of collective farm families was derived from nonagricultural pursuits. Area Handbook for Romania The collective farm cannot limit the number of members who may participate in the work. Area Handbook for Romania The largest part—and a rising proportion—of the agricultural investment has been financed by the state; collective farms supplied the balance out of their own income. Area Handbook for Romania In that year state farms had about 15 percent more fixed assets per acre of cultivated land than the collective farms. Area Handbook for Bulgaria An important feature of the state and collective farms is the small private plot allotted to a member family for its own personal use. Area Handbook for Albania If the state investment in agricultural mechanization enterprises is included as investment for the benefit of the collective farms, the ratio of collective to state farm investment per acre was still only 25 percent. Area Handbook for Romania The bank's function is to provide investment and operating credits for enterprises under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture, including collective farms, and to finance the distribution of their products within the country. Area Handbook for Romania The distribution of long-term credits to collective farms among different types of investment projects changed significantly during the 1960s. Area Handbook for Romania The proportion of women in the collective farm labor force was reported to be 57.5 percent in 1966; the proportion was much larger in highly developed industrial zones. Area Handbook for Romania In 1970 state farms cultivated 20 percent of the total acreage under cultivation, and collective farms worked 80 percent. Area Handbook for Albania Available information on the credit operations of the bank is limited to a few summary data on credits to collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania Procedures for granting credits to collective farms were tightened in 1969 in a move to ensure a more effective use of borrowed funds and the timely repayment of outstanding debts. Area Handbook for Romania Foreign observers have interpreted this phenomenon as clear evidence of the inadequacy of incentives for work on state and collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania Women constituted about 43 percent of the industrial and 57.5 percent of the collective farm labor forces. Area Handbook for Romania Eighty-seven percent of all collective farms had less than 2,470 acres of cultivated land each, and only nine percent had more than about 6,200 acres. Area Handbook for Albania Subsequent steps were taken to transfer to collective ownership some of the livestock allotted to the farm families by the collective farm statute. Area Handbook for Albania The published budget laws usually specify the amount of revenue to be derived from the socialized economy, including collective farms and cooperative enterprises. Area Handbook for Albania Seventy percent of the enterprises, which included 92 percent of the employed persons, were owned and operated by the state, and the remaining were run by collectives, including collective farms. Area Handbook for Romania |
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