| 单词 | cilium |
| 例句 | We are the delicate part, transient and vulnerable as cilia. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z His cilia are not cilia at all, but individual spirochetes, and at the base of attachment of each spirochete is an oval organelle, embedded in the myxotricha membrane, which is a bacterium. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z It has been suggested that flagellae and cilia were once spirochetes that joined up with the other prokaryotes when nucleated cells were being pieced together. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z Spirochetes, like the ones attached to M. paradoxa, joined up and became the cilia of eukaryotic cells. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z The centrioles, which hoist the microtubules on which chromosomes are strung for mitosis, are similar separate creatures; when not busy with mitosis, they become the basal bodies to which cilia are attached. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z Among their design concerns were methods for nurturing cilium and for recycling sweat. Van Gogh on Five, Wonderbra on Six. Going Up. 2017-09-26T04:00:00Z The crowd was a visual element as well, arms waving like cilia and various LED toys looking like digital fireflies in the darkened room. Benny Benassi at Echostage These hot-colored, square-format paintings, hung on a single wall like a cryptic frieze, deploy Ms. Kusama’s own hermetic symbology of floating cells, bristling cilia, a calligraphic woman’s profile and countless stippled dots. Kusama Arrives. Is It Worth Your Time to Wait in Line? 2019-11-08T05:00:00Z “We find equations that describe lots of different kinds of physical systems,” Mr. Grinspun explained, “the shape of a cable on a bridge, a spinning top, cilia.” Perfecting Animation, via Science 2010-12-29T23:11:28Z Olga’s right breast soars creepily upward; her head is thrust to the right, her dark hair rendered as bristling parallel cilia. Picasso in 1932: Ingenious, Exhausting, Relentless 2018-04-02T04:00:00Z These so-called microswimmers include bacteria and other microorganisms, using cilia or flagella to move, but also artificially fabricated objects. The fuel economy of a microswimmer 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Once outside the cell, chloride ions attract water that helps tiny, hair-like cilia sweep out mucus from the airways. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z On a microscopic level, tiny hairs in our lungs called cilia wave together to transport mucus. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z As you wander through the tubes of your upper and lower respiratory tract, you'd be surrounded by mucus and hair-like structures known as cilia. Newly developed lung-like organoids could revolutionize how we treat respiratory infections 2023-08-05T04:00:00Z Over a couple of days the cells clumped into little clusters that began behaving like multicellular microorganisms, sprouting cilia, hairlike protrusions that beat in a synchronized way to propel the clusters through the fluid. Synthetic Morphology Lets Scientists Create New Life-Forms 2023-05-31T04:00:00Z The ciliates, which include Paramecium and Tetrahymena, are a group of protists 10 to 3,000 micrometers in length that are covered in rows, tufts, or spirals of tiny cilia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Without chloride ions to attract water, mucus hardens and the cilia can't clear it. Synthetic molecules can 'ferry' mucus-clearing ions blocked by cystic fibrosis 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z Notably, two cilia beating near each other don't necessarily exert the same force to each other. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z They are also the structural elements of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The 30-centimeter-long adult grows out of a larva that is little more than a sesame seed–size blob with an eyespot at one end and a band of cilia around its body. How shapeless blobs of cells grow into wriggling worms 2023-01-16T05:00:00Z The endothelial lining of the nasal cavity also contains tiny hairlike projections, called cilia. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These tiny creatures are called ciliates because they are covered in tiny hair-like projections call cilia. For the first time, scientists discover organisms whose diets rely on eating viruses 2022-12-31T05:00:00Z Depending on its position, a cilium can be more effected by its neighbor than vice versa, especially in a dense carpet of cilia as it frequently occurs in nature. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z Spirochete bacteria have been hypothesized to have given rise to microtubules, and a flagellated prokaryote may have contributed the raw materials for eukaryotic flagella and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When the oval window is forced inward, as shown, a pressure wave travels through the perilymph in the direction of the arrows, stimulating nerves at the base of cilia in the organ of Corti. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The cilia serve to transport dust and other foreign particles, trapped in mucous, to the back of the nasal cavity and to the pharynx. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In eukaryotic cells, flagella and cilia are quite different structurally from their counterparts in prokaryotes, as discussed below. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z "The cilia at a border region take the role as a pacemaker which entrain other cilia one after another," Hickey summarizes the findings. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z The trachea is lined with cells that have cilia and secrete mucus. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Another common failure in the cochlea is damage or loss of the cilia but with nerves remaining functional. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Trochophore larvae are characterized by two bands of cilia around the body. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Despite their differences in length and number, flagella and cilia share a common structural arrangement of microtubules called a “9 + 2 array.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To create a synchronized and efficient wave, cilia need to accurately coordinate their beating motion. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z The mucus catches particles that have been inhaled, and the cilia move the particles toward the pharynx. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z There is a structure to the cilia, and there are connections between nerve cells that perform signal processing before information is sent to the brain. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z A cilium would likely be the shortest locomotor organs. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z They are also the structural element of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Unlike football fans watching their neighbors and the nervous system coordinating the centipede's legs, cilia have no such intelligent control system. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z Despite these defenses, pathogens may enter the body through skin abrasions or punctures, or by collecting on mucosal surfaces in large numbers that overcome the protections of mucus or cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The energy stored in ATP also enables cells to move, providing power for motor proteins that contract muscles and generate the wavelike movement of cilia and flagella. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z By beating their cilia synchronously or in waves, ciliates can coordinate directed movements and ingest food particles. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Cells use cilia to move nutrients to their surface. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This synchronization is mediated by the fluid surrounding the cilia and initiated by the border region. Edges cause cilia to quickly synchronize their beating pattern 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z The cilia beat, and the smooth muscle contracts, moving the egg toward the uterus. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Many protists move by means of cilia and flagella. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Others are covered in rows or tufts of tiny cilia that they coordinately beat to swim—typically paramecium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z This cellular covering has cilia at the apical, or free, surface of the cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the motion of cilia or flagella, and contracting muscles to create movement. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the motion of cilia or flagella, and contracting muscle fibers to create movement. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They also have a single, nonmotile cilium that responds to the rate of fluid movement in the tubule. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Each cell has a nucleus located near the bottom, and cilia extending from the top. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cilia enhance the movement of mucous and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract, helping to protect the system from invasive microorganisms and harmful material that has been breathed into the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Researchers have shown that progesterone decreases the cilia’s movement and makes it harder to expel outside particles that wander into the body. When periods make it tough to breathe 2022-07-08T04:00:00Z They are also the structural components of flagella and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In contrast, nasal cilia sweep the mucous blanket down towards your throat. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Many tiny hair-like cilia protrude from the olfactory receptor cell’s dendrite and into the mucus covering the surface of the olfactory epithelium. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Each olfactory sensory neuron has only one type of receptor on its cilia, and the receptors are specialized to detect specific odorants, so the bipolar neurons themselves are specialized. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Those structures — called cilia, Latin for eyelash — undulate back and forth to propel inhaled debris out of the lungs. When periods make it tough to breathe 2022-07-08T04:00:00Z Others are covered in rows or tufts of tiny cilia that they beat in coordination to swim. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found in the respiratory tract, where some of these cells have cilia. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These cilia contain olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cilia propel foreign particles trapped in the mucus toward the pharynx. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z One tiny flick of a microscopic cellular hair, known as a cilium, can’t do much on its own. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Particulate matter that is floating in the air is removed in the nasal passages by hairs, mucus, and cilia. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Certain organelles are segregated to the basal sides, whereas other organelles and extensions, such as cilia, when present, are on the apical surface. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Lightly resting atop the longest cilia is the tectorial membrane, which moves back and forth with each cycle of sound, tilting the cilia and allowing electric current into the hair cell. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In the lungs, particles are trapped in a mucus layer and transported via cilia up to the esophageal opening at the top of the trachea to be swallowed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Now researchers have come close to doing so, creating a chip covered with artificial cilia that can precisely control the minuscule flow patterns of fluids. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Another such wall, looking like unearthly cilia under a lavender-lit microscope, anchors one end of the upper dining area — which, with its capacious white pleather semicircular booths, is where the parties truly get started. Restaurant review: STK Steakhouse brings over-the-top glam to Bellevue at Canlis-level prices — is it worth it? 2022-06-24T04:00:00Z Ciliated columnar epithelium is composed of simple columnar epithelial cells with cilia on their apical surfaces. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The current model is that cilia are attached to one another by “tip links,” structures which link the tips of one cilium to another. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cilia propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface; cilia also draw water from the interstitial fluid, allowing for filtration. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Researchers had previously tried to make artificial cilia that worked by means of pressure, light, electricity and even magnets. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z After 3.5 billion years came the tremolo of cilia on the earliest cells. Earth’s Sonic Diversity, Secret Bird Scents, Pandemic-Inspired Sci-Fi, and More 2022-03-24T04:00:00Z These epithelial cells are found in the lining of the fallopian tubes and parts of the respiratory system, where the beating of the cilia helps remove particulate matter. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But surprisingly, there are no such cells with twirling cilia in developing chicks and pigs, even though their hearts still form to one side. Gene pinpointed that helps put human hearts in the right place 2021-12-22T05:00:00Z Beating cilia at the opening of the nephridium draw water from the coelom into a tubule. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Much like those legs, the new artificial cilia are made of bendable, nanometer-thin film that can respond to electrical control. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Raizen decided to look at placozoans—round, flat, transparent creatures no bigger than a sesame seed that have just two layers of cells, each outfitted with whiplike projections called cilia. ‘If it’s alive, it sleeps.’ Brainless creatures shed light on why we slumber 2021-10-27T04:00:00Z Microtubules also make up two types of cellular appendages important for motion: cilia and flagella. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Looking at the lung cells under a microscope, Kliment saw ANT2 accumulating on their surfaces around hairlike projections called cilia, which sweep back and forth to clear mucus from lungs. Treating a Deadly Lung Disease with a Little Help from Amoebas 2021-07-02T04:00:00Z They are similar to flame cells in that they have a tubule with cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The key to electrically controlling these artificial cilia comes from their metal makeup. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Detachment was always preceded by contraction, and mathematical analyses revealed cilia alternation or bending were far more likely to appear before contraction than after. Can a Cell Make Decisions? 2021-05-22T04:00:00Z Beating cilia on cells in the female fallopian tubes move egg cells from the ovary towards the uterus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Instead, the independent cells used their cilia to move quickly — essentially using their genetic instructions for another purpose. Frog stem cell research changes what we know about how organisms are built 2021-04-16T04:00:00Z They have cilia that propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Running a low positive voltage through a cilium triggers a chemical reaction: as a droplet of test fluid flows past, the electrified platinum breaks apart the water molecules within the droplet. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z It must be lined with cilia, hairlike projections “like shag carpeting” that move and clean the air we breathe in, he said. ‘There Was Nothing Anybody Could Do for These Patients.’ Now There Is. 2021-04-06T04:00:00Z A centriole can serve as the cellular origin point for microtubules extending outward as cilia or flagella or can assist with the separation of DNA during cell division. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Healthy people inhale fungi regularly with few problems; human skin and cilia are among our bodies’ first-line defenses. EXCERPT: `Kill Shot’ probes shadow industry, deadly disease 2021-02-23T05:00:00Z They have a cluster of cilia that propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Once the voltage is reversed, the oxygen is driven out of the platinum—and the cilium returns to its original shape. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Our own research indicates that dry air also reduces the ability of our body’s cilia—hairlike projections on cells lining airways—to remove viral particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs. Another Way to Protect Against COVID Beyond Masking and Social Distancing 2021-01-19T05:00:00Z The cilia of the respiratory epithelium help remove the mucus and debris from the nasal cavity with a constant beating motion, sweeping materials towards the throat to be swallowed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There is light around the Moon: White corona, a hand of streaming cilia that warns and beckons. Poem: We Need the Sky 2020-12-23T05:00:00Z The intake end of the tubes contain cilia that propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Next, the researchers had to figure out how to pattern a surface with thousands of their artificial cilia. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Your airways are lined with the gooey substance and, below that, with cilia, tiny fingerlike paddles used across the animal kingdom for movement. Why cold weather makes it harder for the body to fight respiratory infections 2020-12-15T05:00:00Z Interestingly, cold air slows the movement of the cilia, resulting in accumulation of mucus that may in turn lead to a runny nose during cold weather. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The sustentacular cells also provide the metabolic and physical support needed to sustain the fingerlike cilia on the olfactory neurons where receptors that detect odors are concentrated. Mysteries of COVID Smell Loss Finally Yield Some Answers 2020-11-18T05:00:00Z What structure in the human kidneys most closely resembles the cilia of the protonephridia, and why? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But to direct a droplet to flow in a more complex pattern, the researchers had to divide their chip’s surface into “ciliary units” of a few dozen cilia each—with each unit individually controllable. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z She notes that humans swallow more than 1 liter of mucus each day, which is swept along by cilia lining the nasal cavity. Can a nose-full of chicken antibodies ward off coronavirus infections? 2020-11-10T05:00:00Z The cilia beat the mucus upward towards the laryngopharynx, where it can be swallowed down the esophagus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “If you physically disrupt those cilia, you lose the ability to smell,” Datta says. Mysteries of COVID Smell Loss Finally Yield Some Answers 2020-11-18T05:00:00Z The intake end of the tubes contain cilia that propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Their centimeter-wide chip is carpeted with about a thousand tiny platinum-titanium strips, divided into 16 ciliary units of 64 cilia each. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Warm, dry air also reduces the ability of our body’s cilia, which are hairlike projections on cells lining airways, to remove viral particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs. One Key Factor in whether COVID-19 Will Wane This Summer 2020-05-26T04:00:00Z Current flowing toward the uterus is generated by coordinated beating of the cilia that line the outside and lumen of the length of the uterine tube. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Although olfactory neurons were not infected, their cilia were entirely gone. Mysteries of COVID Smell Loss Finally Yield Some Answers 2020-11-18T05:00:00Z The intake end of the tubes contain cilia that propel waste matter down the tubules and out of the body through excretory pores that open on the body surface. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They are now already planning next-generation chips with cilia that have more than one “hinge.” Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z The findings highlight the importance of several biological pathways in COPD, including the development of cilia. Research round-up: COPD 2020-05-12T04:00:00Z These cilia beat more strongly in response to the high estrogen concentrations that occur around the time of ovulation. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “If you remove the cilia, you remove the olfactory receptors and the ability to detect odorants,” he says. Mysteries of COVID Smell Loss Finally Yield Some Answers 2020-11-18T05:00:00Z Despite these barriers, pathogens may enter the body through skin abrasions or punctures, or by collecting on mucosal surfaces in large numbers that overcome the mucus or cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Biosensors built into the chip would measure the products of these chemical reactions and then direct the cilia to further manipulate the liquid’s flow, allowing the chip to perform additional tests to confirm the results. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z The research suggests that cilia dysfunction is not merely a consequence of COPD, but a driver of the disease. Research round-up: COPD 2020-05-12T04:00:00Z Once inside, the muscular contractions and beating cilia move the oocyte slowly toward the uterus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Despite initial appearances, comb jellies are not jellyfish, but belong to a different group of animals, called ctenophora, that swim using tiny hair-like projections called cilia. Warty comb jelly, scourge of fisheries, also eats its young 2020-05-07T04:00:00Z The cilia beat toward the middle, and the smooth muscle contracts in the same direction, moving the egg toward the uterus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Like many bird species, pigeons accomplish this with microscopic structures called lobate cilia, which ornithologists documented early in the 20th century. Winged “PigeonBot” Flies with Real Feathers 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z Others swim, using beating cilia, or link up blobby appendages and circle each other a few times before heading off in separate directions. Meet the Xenobots, Virtual Creatures Brought to Life 2020-04-03T04:00:00Z The ovulated oocyte with its surrounding granulosa cells is picked up by the infundibulum of the uterine tube, and beating cilia help to transport it through the tube toward the uterus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z “Warm, dry air also dampens the ability of cilia, the hair-like projections on cells lining airways, to expel viral particles.” Indoor humidity may slow coronavirus spread, Yale scientists say 2020-04-06T04:00:00Z This organism swims using its cilia, at times moving in a straight line, and at other times making turns. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Structures such as lobate cilia are currently too small for 3-D printers to handle, he adds. Winged “PigeonBot” Flies with Real Feathers 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z But these packages were swimming on their own, propelled by waving hairs called cilia. You Didn’t Touch These Jellyfish, but They Can Sting You With Tiny Grenades 2020-02-13T05:00:00Z The increased fluid movement more strongly deflects single nonmotile cilia on macula densa cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Stinging cells on the inside of the bell then stun the prey, and hairlike structures called cilia shuttle it to Deepstaria’s stomach. Undying Cells, Speedy Ants and a Deep-Sea Ghost: Science GIFs to Start Your Halloween Week 2019-10-28T04:00:00Z They are also the structural element of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Clarke is intrigued by the cilia's evolutionary history, although she says the tiny structures may be hard to find in the fossil record. Winged “PigeonBot” Flies with Real Feathers 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z Ctenophores, also called comb jellies, are soft blobs wreathed by feathery cilia. A Battle Is Raging in the Tree of Life 2019-08-02T04:00:00Z Many of these variations were in or around genes involved in the function of cell protrusions called cilia, which mediate cell signals required for skeletal development. Genomic mechanisms for the evolution of flightlessness in steamer ducks 2019-07-30T04:00:00Z All are propelled through the water by columns of cilia which refract light, producing a shimmering rainbow to rival any fireworks display. Living Fireworks, These Animals Produce Light Shows with Their Bodies 2018-06-30T04:00:00Z Phagocytosis helps amoebae to take up nutrients and cilia help amoebae move. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The team demonstrated how these cilia release when birds fold their wings and grab each other again when the wings are extended. Winged “PigeonBot” Flies with Real Feathers 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z A single exposure impaired the function of the cells’ cilia, important hairlike projections whose back-and-forth movements clear mucus and pathogens from the lungs. Cinnamon May Be Safe in Foods, but Is It Safe in E-Cigarettes? 2018-06-01T04:00:00Z Sometimes mistaken for cystic fibrosis, PCD affects the hairlike structures called cilia that line the airways, reproductive tract and other organs. Why did a little girl have a persistent ‘smoker’s cough’? 2018-03-30T04:00:00Z The sparkling you see is generated by enormous paddle-like cilia that line the animals' comb rows and paddle to propel it. Some Deep-Sea Ornaments to Brighten a Dark Day [Video] 2017-12-02T05:00:00Z The sensory receptors on the cilia are proteins, and it is the variations in their amino acid chains that make the receptors sensitive to different odorants. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The research group found that the cilia are notably absent from feathers of barn owls and nightjars, two species that stalk prey at night. Winged “PigeonBot” Flies with Real Feathers 2020-04-10T04:00:00Z Another gene responsible for cilia production, Cux1, seemed to play a role in the cormorant’s stubby wings. How the clumsy Galapagos cormorant lost its flight 2017-06-01T04:00:00Z When cilia, which move like waves, are damaged, they are unable to effectively remove mucus and bacteria from the airways. Why did a little girl have a persistent ‘smoker’s cough’? 2018-03-30T04:00:00Z The larvae were from a species called the bat star and they propel themselves, like many other small invertebrates, by the beating of many, many hairlike cilia. The Beauty of a Starfish Larva at Lunch 2017-01-09T05:00:00Z Particulate matter that is floating in the air is removed in the nasal passages via mucus and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Your airways are lined with hairlike cilia that consolidate microbes and mucus and help move it toward the exit. Why does it take so long to recover from pneumonia? 2016-12-30T05:00:00Z Compared to their regular counterparts, the mutated worms clumped together instead of dispersing across their petri dish environment, thanks to improperly functioning cilia. How the clumsy Galapagos cormorant lost its flight 2017-06-01T04:00:00Z This likely means that as the air slows down, sand particles fall and get trapped in mucus and cilia that line the section, the scientists report today in the Journal of Experimental Biology. How the sandfish lizard stays sand-free 2016-11-16T05:00:00Z The cilia on the surface of a larva, Dr. Prakash said, look “almost like an ornament — a line that goes around the edge of the animal, a high-density band of cilia.” The Beauty of a Starfish Larva at Lunch 2017-01-09T05:00:00Z These cilia beat in unison and move mucus and particles out of the bronchi and bronchioles back up to the throat where it is swallowed and eliminated via the esophagus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Within 30 minutes it loses its cilia, the tiny hairs it employs to swim. Foul play 2016-08-25T04:00:00Z Ciliopathies in humans arise from gene mutations affecting cilia—the microscopic hairlike extensions used to convey chemical messages between cells that control vertebrate development. How the clumsy Galapagos cormorant lost its flight 2017-06-01T04:00:00Z Many comb jellies produce a pulsing rainbow effect as their beating cilia diffract light. Growing Comb Jellies in the Lab Like Sea-Monkeys 2016-08-11T04:00:00Z But if some patches of cilia beat against the prevailing motion they create vortexes, swirling eddies that the researchers found bring algae close to the surface of the larva, and eventually, to its mouth. The Beauty of a Starfish Larva at Lunch 2017-01-09T05:00:00Z In humans, for example, tar and other substances in cigarette smoke destroy or paralyze the cilia, making the removal of particles more difficult. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Chronic sinusitis may develop from recurrent acute sinusitis that damages the function of the cilia or mucus clearance, or as a result of scarring from chronic inflammation. Suffering from Sinus Infections? One Treatment Size Does Not Fit All 2016-06-01T04:00:00Z They inserted the mutated Ift122 gene into soil roundworms, which use cilia to detect their surroundings. How the clumsy Galapagos cormorant lost its flight 2017-06-01T04:00:00Z He points out that Dogic's group created something that looks and acts very much like a cilium or flagellum with its multitude of proteins — but that may, in fact, work very differently. The physics of life 2016-01-04T05:00:00Z On the surface of the nasal tissues, particularly the turbinates, are cells with small little hair-like appendages called cilia that trap much of the bad stuff. 7 Surprising Facts About Your Nose 2015-09-23T04:00:00Z In addition, smoking causes the lungs to produce more mucus, which the damaged cilia are not able to move. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These surface of the rooms are lined with carpet, called cilia. Suffering from Sinus Infections? One Treatment Size Does Not Fit All 2016-06-01T04:00:00Z In unicellular protozoa, most responses are the simple movements in response to a chemical stimulus in flagella, cilia or pseudopodia, which are determined by concentrations of ions in the cytoplasm. Exclusive: Oliver Sacks, Antonio Damasio and Others Debate Christof Koch on the Nature of Consciousness 2015-06-17T04:00:00Z But the pair now know that the relationship begins on the underside of the newborn squid, when mucus-lined fields of beating hairs called cilia create a current that draws bacteria close. Microbiology: Here's looking at you, squid 2015-01-13T05:00:00Z As urine flows through the channels and chambers of the kidney it bends the primary cilia, which act like sensors for fluid flow. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Many cells swim or move surrounding materials via the beating motion of cellular appendages such as cilia and flagella. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The cultured mouse cells showed “photoreceptor specific markers and sensory cilia” but when transplanted into new born animals did not grow into the retinas. 'The Eyes Of The Blind Shall Be Opened' 2014-10-02T04:00:00Z The natural colouration is a reflection of the iridescence patterns produced from large cilia forming combs. The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-05-20T04:00:00Z They possess a crown of cilia that beat both to propel the animal and to draw in prey. Frog-Killing Fungus Meets Its Match in Hidden World of Tiny Predators 2014-04-28T21:24:46Z “If you don’t have those cilia, you get these cysts that come up in the kidney,” says Ketan Badani, director of the Comprehensive Kidney Cancer Program at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z These protein elements are also integral to the movement of centrioles, flagella, and cilia. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The nose and sinus cavities are lined with small hairs, mucus-producing glands and hairlike microscopic structures called cilia. Ever wondered why we sneeze? 2014-04-13T16:52:00Z Eight rows of comb plates, called ctenes, are made of giant compound cilia that diffract light, creating iridescence. c, Comb rows in Pleurobrachia are constantly beating. The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-05-20T04:00:00Z Watch for the beating of the cilia on their surface, and the distinctive oral groove. Frog-Killing Fungus Meets Its Match in Hidden World of Tiny Predators 2014-04-28T21:24:46Z “But then it turned out that that wasn’t the only pathology related to receptors in the primary cilium.” Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Examples of the types of work that cells need to do include building complex molecules, transporting materials, powering the beating motion of cilia or flagella, contracting muscle fibers to create movement, and reproduction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Mnemiopsis and other ctenophores are the largest organisms to be propelled by cilia. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z Eight rows of comb plates, called ctenes, are made of giant compound cilia that diffract light, creating iridescence. c, Comb rows in Pleurobrachia are constantly beating. The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-05-20T04:00:00Z White sensory cilia guide its proboscis down through the structure towards a unique and unmistakable combination of sugars and fats. A soon and distant christmas 2013-12-18T18:50:47.860Z People with situs inversis, in which many of the major organs form in reverse—their hearts are often on the right side of their chests—have malformed cilia to thank for their condition. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Lymphocytes do not form primary cilia, but we found and describe here that Hh signaling played an important role in CTL killing. [Report] Hedgehog Signaling Controls T Cell Killing at the Immunological Synapse 2013-12-05T18:57:29.425Z Instead, the cilia of each comb function together as a paddle that is far more efficient at moving such a large organism. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z The natural colouration is a reflection of the iridescence patterns produced from large cilia forming combs. The ctenophore genome and the evolutionary origins of neural systems : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-05-20T04:00:00Z This tip is covered in little hair-like cilia, which could mean that it acts as a sensory organ. Australian Sea Slug Sex in all its Head-Stabbing Glory 2013-11-13T15:45:19.873Z Scientists now believe that a number of genetic disorders, from polycystic kidney disease to some forms of retinal degeneration, can ultimately be traced back to cilia—bristly, hairlike structures that dot cell surfaces. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Centrosome docking at the plasma membrane also occurs during cilia formation. [Report] Hedgehog Signaling Controls T Cell Killing at the Immunological Synapse 2013-12-05T18:57:29.425Z Most larger organisms don’t move with cilia, as tiny Stentor does. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z And often has a “sail” of long cilia along its mouth. Handy resource for freshwater protists and micro-adventuring 2013-10-17T02:45:02.307Z If the poison does get to the throat, bitter detectors in the trachea trigger cilia to help clear the airway. Why Does Food Taste So Delicious? 2013-08-21T11:15:00.560Z As they beat back and forth outside the cell, coordinated brushes of so-called motile cilia regulate fluid flow nearby. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z The interior of the node is lined with hundreds of tiny hairs, called cilia, which whirl round and round at a rate of 10 times a second. Growing Left, Growing Right – How a Body Breaks Symmetry 2013-06-03T19:41:55Z The many independent cilia just aren’t effective at propelling big things. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z “I am studying how cells assemble an organelle, the cilium, that is like an antenna sticking out of the surface ...” Communication: Two minutes to impress 2013-02-06T18:21:43.170Z The most striking aspect, in my opinion, is the clarity with which it shows the rotifer’s beating crown of cilia, called a “corona”. The Startling Mechanical Beauty of a Rotifer in Motion 2013-01-26T01:15:00.190Z But almost all human cells also have one primary, or nonmotile, cilium that functions more like a molecular antenna. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z And that raises another question: “What on earth are we doing with all those cilia if we don’t need them?” as Dr. Norris put it. Growing Left, Growing Right – How a Body Breaks Symmetry 2013-06-03T19:41:55Z This episode of CreatureCast presents two organisms that use cilia for locomotion. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z She explains that the cilium acts as a receptor for signals, often needs its parts replaced and can cause diseases when not functioning properly. Communication: Two minutes to impress 2013-02-06T18:21:43.170Z Comb jellies paddle through the sea with iridescent cilia and snare prey with sticky tentacles. Genome Reveals Comb Jellies' Ancient Origin 2013-01-09T15:15:00.317Z For that reason, “when you have defects in these cilia, you get a lot of congenital diseases,” Witman says. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z The rim is ringed by cilia that do not spin. Growing Left, Growing Right – How a Body Breaks Symmetry 2013-06-03T19:41:55Z If cells are fixed in place, this creates a current of fluid; the cilia that line our respiratory tract remove mucus and debris in this way. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z In invertebrates, the cilia appear on the skin.” Special sensors allow fish to dart away from potential theats at the last moment 2012-11-26T19:40:59Z It is visible as a sheet of cilia on the top part of the mouth in this image. Frontonia: dissecting a ciliate appetite 2012-11-20T14:45:03.977Z And scientists suspect that some forms of retinal degeneration, which can cause blindness, stem from malfunctioning ciliary genes, too, because “the photoreceptors of the eye are in fact just modified cilia,” Satir says. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Regardless of those details, the cilia on the rim of the node respond to the flow — possibly by releasing calcium atoms that then spread to surrounding cells. Growing Left, Growing Right – How a Body Breaks Symmetry 2013-06-03T19:41:55Z Each cilium doesn’t move independently, as in tiny Stentor. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z This was able to restore the cilia and a sense of smell. Mice 'smell again' after therapy 2012-09-03T01:22:52Z Lots of cilia… the neat rows of them are called kineties. Frontonia: dissecting a ciliate appetite 2012-11-20T14:45:03.977Z “There’s a whole series of reports that primary cilia are lost in a variety of cancers,” Satir says. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Recently Kathryn V. Anderson and her colleagues at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center disabled genes required to tip the cilia in the node. Growing Left, Growing Right – How a Body Breaks Symmetry 2013-06-03T19:41:55Z Beating cilia propel Stentor as it twists and turns in search of food in freshwater streams and lakes. CreatureCast: Moving, Without Feet to Do So 2014-01-23T16:17:47Z The cilia are constantly beating, even while we sleep. 'Brush' sweeps human lungs clean 2012-08-23T18:13:54Z With microscopic images and a video of beating cilia as his guides, Liang illustrated this complex cellular function digitally, using three-dimensional modeling software. [Multimedia] Cover Stories: Getting a New Perspective 2012-08-23T17:55:03.837Z The primary cilium is an internally dynamic structure, packed with proteins that detect and convey important messages to its cell about the local environment. “The signaling machinery is concentrated in the cilia,” Witman says. Why Scientists Are Blaming Cilia for Human Disease 2014-12-10T05:00:00Z Tiny hair-like structures called cilia line the canals within a jellyfish’s body, constantly sweeping back and forth to move water and nutrients along. What Would It Take To Really Build An Artificial Jellyfish? 2012-07-25T20:45:00.237Z As the video below shows, the beating cilia also diffract white light, creating a brilliant light show. Brilliantly Glowing Jellyfish Terrorize the Black and Caspian Seas [video] 2012-06-06T22:15:00.277Z These cilia even beat for a few hours after we die. 'Brush' sweeps human lungs clean 2012-08-23T18:13:54Z In the corkscrew form, Spirillum volitans, each end of the body is produced into a minute hair-like process or cilium, and it is by the lashings of these cilia that the minute organism moves about. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z The wings should now be raised into the position in which they are intended to rest, with especial care in doing so not to remove any scales from the surface or cilia of the wings. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Insects 2012-03-28T02:00:31.483Z Researchers have in fact constructed artificial cilia that work almost as well as the real thing. What Would It Take To Really Build An Artificial Jellyfish? 2012-07-25T20:45:00.237Z A kind of annelid larva having both a dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The brush-like layer consists of protective molecules that keep sticky mucus from reaching the cilia and epithelial cells, thus ensuring the normal flow of mucus. 'Brush' sweeps human lungs clean 2012-08-23T18:13:54Z A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of vibrating cilia. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (2nd 100 Pages) 2012-03-24T02:00:19.387Z The particulars of this not unimportant affair were published in 1828, in the 7th volume of the C�cilia. Life of Beethoven 2012-03-12T03:00:21.693Z Besides, there are no genes for silicone or artificial cilia. What Would It Take To Really Build An Artificial Jellyfish? 2012-07-25T20:45:00.237Z This groove is lined by columnar cells, some carrying cilia, others being glandular and secreting sticky slime. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z Vorticella, vor-ti-sel′a, n. a genus of ciliated Infusorians belonging to the order Peritricha, in which the cilia are restricted to a fringe round the mouth. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements) 2012-01-30T03:00:19.113Z This was that the so-called ova of Flustra had the power of independent movement by means of cilia, and were in fact larvæ. Charles Darwin: His Life in an Autobiographical Chapter, and in a Selected Series of His Published Letters 2012-01-22T03:00:19.733Z It is a beautiful object, with its elongated radiating cilia, which remain quiet, and do not vibrate. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z The rod and cone structures in our eyes and the cilia in our throats resemble the flora that sprout up on a coral reef. Native peoples? concepts of health are displayed at National Medical Library 2011-10-17T19:29:03Z In the former case they are termed “flagella,” in the latter “cilia.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z They are of minute size varying from one-sixtieth to one-three-hundredth of an inch, and they move by means of long cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Microscopic hairs called cilia, which line the nasal passage, help to keep out pathogens and dust that may infect or irritate the lungs, and the cilia work more efficiently when incoming air is moist. The Shape of a Nose 2011-08-21T11:15:00.460Z These wheels are surrounded with a band of cilia, or flexible hairs, which he can put in rapid motion, making the wheels have the appearance of revolving very fast. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z It propagates by minute zoospores, by large quiescent spores, or by large active spores clothed with cilia. Sea-Weeds, Shells and Fossils 2011-08-20T02:00:11.557Z Then the stem gracefully elongates again, and the cilia repeat their lively game. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Two ventral bands composed of regular transverse rows of cilia are usually found. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Hanging out into the tubes, from their sides, are hairs or cilia, which connect with nerve cells and fibres that branch off from the auditory nerve. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 5, October 1893 2011-07-30T02:00:16.467Z This rapid motion of the cilia forms a swift current in the water; and this current brings tiny particles of various things to the little mechanic. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z This sphere then assumes an ovoid form, becomes covered with cilia externally, and breaks its way through the egg-membrane into the cavity of the zoœcium. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z They should be examined by a moderately oblique light, or most of the cilia are apt to be rendered invisible, and also by dark ground illumination. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z A cerebral ganglion rests on the oesophagus and supplies the cephalic cilia and hairs; it is continued some way back as two dorsal nerve trunks. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 5 "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric" 2011-09-02T02:00:20.450Z Its food consists of microscopic organisms, drifted to its mouth by cilia placed on two arm-like processes, from which the group derives its name. The Chain of Life in Geological Time A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants 2011-06-01T02:00:24.880Z The head extends from the top of the vase, and is surmounted with the usual cilia, or wheel, which we see among all the rotifera. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z The spherical part of the gizzard invariably contains a number of green cells, which lie free in the liquid it holds and are kept in motion by the cilia at its lower aperture. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z Left: Vorticella, with posterior circlet of cilia in process of separation—Stein. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z There was a swarm of them under the lens, and they swam lazily to and fro, their cilia beating like miniature propellers. The Rotifers 2011-04-18T02:00:10.237Z Symmetrically placed flagella may have a symmetrical reciprocating motion like that of cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 4 "Finland" to "Fleury, Andre" 2011-03-20T02:00:30.697Z The reason the wheel looks so strikingly beautiful in Brachionus is owing to the long cilia which is longer in this genus than in other genera of this great family. Through a Microscope Something of the Science Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope. 2011-12-29T03:00:20.733Z The larv� swam slowly, broad-end-first, by means of the cilia with which their surface was covered, occasionally gyrating on their long axis and always adopting an erratic course. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The bells shine with a pearly iridescent lustre, and their cilia flash with brilliant prismatic colours. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z During life the cilia are always in movement, and set up a current tending to drive fluid or other material on the surface in one direction along the membrane or tube lined by such epithelium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" 2011-02-19T03:00:59.807Z Visible only through a microscope, protozoa are covered in hair-like projections called cilia. Swimming Microbes Monitor Water Quality 2011-02-17T17:17:00Z When these are found the grooved proboscis folds its walls inwards, and the cilia pass the particles down the tube thus formed to the mouth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z There are no cilia at the pyloric opening. Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa 2011-06-25T02:00:17.833Z The bells or cups are not, as might be fancied from a casual inspection, open like wineglasses at the top, but furnished with a retractile disk or cover, on which the cilia are arranged. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z As a rule they have cilia or flagella. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z The presence of bitter taste receptors on the hair-like cilia in the airways was reported last year by Michael J. Welsh of the University of Iowa. Bitter Lungs 2010-10-25T17:11:00Z Now they have flipped it over so the structures that acted like moving cilia are on the bottom, turning the chip into an insectlike robot. Thermal-Powered, Insectlike Robot Crawls Into Microrobot Contenders' Ring 2010-07-06T15:25:00Z The cilia are used for a variety of activities, including swimming and feeding. 2010-02-10T17:03:00Z Some of the Vorticellids will be observed to leave their stalks, having developed cilia round their base, and may be seen to swim about in the enjoyment of individual life. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z What are the cilia and what use do they probably serve? A Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene For Educational Institutions and General Readers The preponderating elements of the ectodermic layer are elongated columnar cells, each containing a nucleus, and bearing cilia at their free extremities. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Ciliate, beset on the margin with a fringe of cilia, i. e. of hairs or bristles, like the eyelashes fringing the eyelids, whence the name. The Elements of Botany For Beginners and For Schools Behind the cilia, however, ciliates are a diverse and ancient group. 2010-02-10T17:03:00Z N.B.—When the cilia and tail part are retracted, and the body shortened, the creature assumes an obtuse oval form. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Externally on two sides and on the inner surface the tentacles are ciliated, and the cilia are continued across the gutter to the lip and even on the outer surface of the latter. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The inner layer or endoderm is also a cellular layer, and is chiefly made up of columnar cells, each bearing a cilium at its free extremity and terminating internally in a long muscular fibre. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" Having no longer any use for the little cilia, which enabled it to swim through the water, it now loses them. Nature's Miracles, Volume 1 Familiar Talks on Science—World-Building and Life. Earth, Air and Water. Most ciliates are single-celled organisms covered with tiny hair-like structures known as cilia — which is Latin for eyelashes. 2010-02-10T17:03:00Z As the cilia play, the neighbouring water is agitated, and the multitudes of small objects are brought by the whirlpools within her ravenous maw. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z These cilia pass on any diatoms and other minute organism which come within their range of action to the capacious oval mouth, which appears as a mere deepening of the gutter in the middle line. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" In these the tentacles are stunted or suppressed and the mesenteries are ill-developed, but the sulcus is unusually large and has long cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" They have practically no swimming organs, and only move by lashing to and fro the tender cilia with which they are provided. The History of the European Fauna They begin to move about from the moment they are hatched, by means of the long cilia, a, a, placed on the edges of the locomotive disk or velum. Principles of Geology or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and its Inhabitants Considered as Illustrative of Geology It is also called the calcar, or spur, and is furnished with cilia or bristles at its extremity. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Some of the endothelial cells lining the coelom are ciliated, the cilia keeping the corpusculated fluid contents in movement. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" At each end of the oval there is a groove lined by specially long vibratile cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" She was also called Caia C�cilia, "the good spinner"; and to her memory and industry all young brides paid honor. Roman Women Mind, do not imagine that La C�cilia is not a good soldier. An Englishman in Paris Notes and Recollections The cilia are disposed lengthwise, and Ehrenberg counted in some rows sixty or seventy of them, making an aggregate of three thousand six hundred and forty organs of motion in one small animated speck. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The anterior segment broadens and becomes umbrella-shaped; it has a powerful row of cilia round the rim and smaller cilia on the general surface. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" The serpentine Amphibia are represented by two species of C�cilia. Island Life Or the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras As Cornelia graced with her learning and dignity the Rome of Cato's day, so did C�cilia with her charity and her goodness the Rome of Cicero. Roman Women But while the Frenchman—for C�cilia was a Frenchman notwithstanding his Italian name—was modest though critical, the Pole was a braggart, though by no means devoid of courage. An Englishman in Paris Notes and Recollections The body was stout and fish-shaped, the tail blunt, and the neck furnished with long conspicuous cilia, which enabled the advancing and retreating movements to be made with great rapidity. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The larva for a time swims freely in the sea-water, having a circlet of cilia round the body in front of the mouth, forming the velum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 6 "Cockaigne" to "Columbus, Christopher" In the centre of the praeoral lobe is a tuft of cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" The white flame of the flower was motionless, but the robot's cilia moved in quick signals. Where the World is Quiet Invisible to human eye, unless aided by the wonderful inventions of human science, countless millions of vibrating cilia are moving incessantly with synchronic beat on every fibre of each fringing leaflet. The International Monthly, Volume 5, No. 3, March, 1852 Then the sucker action ceased, and as the creature swam away, a tuft of cilia was thrust out from the extremity of the tail. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z At this stage many of the spores assume each a flagellate cilium, and so acquire power of more rapid locomotion. The North American Slime-Moulds A Descriptive List of All Species of Myxomycetes Hitherto Reported from the Continent of North America, with Notes on Some Extra-Limital Species The zoospores being furnished with vibratile cilia, are for some time active, and need only water in which to disseminate themselves, and this is furnished by rain. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Four feet in diameter it was, and featureless save for three ivory elastic tentacles that supported it and a fringe of long, whip-like cilia about its diameter—its waist, I thought. Where the World is Quiet Among the rest were those of the royal foundress, of her daughter C�cilia, the first abbess, and of two other daughters of English kings, who likewise wore the ducal coronet of Normandy. Architectural Antiquities of Normandy The cilia are not disposed, as at first appeared, in two separate and distinct disks, but are continuous, as in the annexed sketch. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Sparks of static electricity shot from her tender cilia so brightly that I was forced to exude a layer of protective fibre to protect my visual buds. Lonesome Hearts Their movements in the water usually last from two to three hours, then they abate, the cilia disappear, and the spore becomes immovable, takes a globose form, and covers itself with a membrane of cellulose. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The robot swayed toward me, the rim of cilia flashing and twisting. Where the World is Quiet Having arrived in the tube, the ovule moves very slowly in the almost capillary tube by means of the vibratile cilia and arrives in the cavity of the womb. The Sexual Question A Scientific, psychological, hygienic and sociological study The edge was beautifully fringed with a circle of cilia; in an inner circle was a row of locomotive organs, and the centre exhibited vacuoles constantly opening and shutting. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z "Those appendages, cilia, flagella, call them whatever you wish, are man-made tentacles, created for the purpose of seizing, crushing and destroying—then discarding...." Astounding Stories of Super-Science July 1930 The zoospores are oval or semi-oval, and in P. infestans the two cilia spring from the same point on the inferior border of the vacuole. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses I have already mentioned that the spores of sea-weeds swim freely in the water by means of cilia. The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World We Live In These cilia are so delicate that it requires special treatment to demonstrate their presence. Outlines of Dairy Bacteriology, 8th edition A Concise Manual for the Use of Students in Dairying The mouths resembled those of Vorticellæ, and put forth circles of vibrating cilia. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Independent movement is effected by special motile organs, the cilia or flagella. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Buds peculiarly large, white, and conspicuously fringed with the long free cilia of the bud-scales. The Genus Pinus For example, when about eight days old, another mouth has formed and two series of delicate cilia or swimming hairs wind around the creature, by means of which it glides slowly through the water. The Log of the Sun A Chronicle of Nature's Year In the same way we may perhaps come to explain the more complex movements which the Infusorian makes with its vibratory cilia, which, moreover, are probably only fixed pseudopodia. Creative Evolution They were easily alarmed, when the cilia were retracted, and down they sank to the bottom of their vases, quickly to rise again. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z These cilia appear to be attached to the cell-wall, being unaffected by plasmolysis, but Fischer states that they really are derived from the central protoplasm and pass through minute pores in the wall. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The presence of cilia tend to differentiate shagbark hickory from red hickory in the field. Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the 44th Annual Meeting Rochester, N.Y. August 31 and September 1, 1953 These points are minute cavities, surrounded with tiny cilia or hairs, which connect with the ends of the nerves. The Log of the Sun A Chronicle of Nature's Year The rachis of the spike is very slender, angular, flexuous, narrower than the spikelets, scaberulous with a few long cilia at the angles. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Each one had a spiral wreath of cilia, with a mouth situated like those of the stentors, hereafter to be described, but none of them became stationary, and in a few days they all disappeared. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The cilia may be present during a short period only in the life of a Schizomycete, and their number may vary according to the medium on which the organism is growing. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The motion caused by these numerous cilia lashing the water brings currents containing particles of food for the Melicerta, and materials for his house. Country Walks of a Naturalist with His Children Scrape the roof of the mouth of the frog gently, to obtain ciliated epithelium; and mount in very weak salt solution-- the cilia will still be active. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata The ligule is a short thin membrane with very short cilia on the free margin. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses The first glimpse revealed an egg-shaped object, of a brownish tint, stretching itself upon a stalk, and showing some symptoms of hairs or cilia at its head. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Nevertheless, there is more or less constancy in the type of distribution, &c., of the cilia for each species when growing at its best. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" I saw it elevate itself in its tube until it touched the starch grains with its cilia. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals At night those cilia shine with a phosphorescent light, and have a very beautiful appearance. Ernest Bracebridge School Days In addition to these minute teeth, there may be long or short cilia. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses All round him were long cilia, which were conspicuous near the head, and a fine line indicated the passage from his mouth to the stomach, which seemed full of granular matter. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z In these cases no cilia have been observed, and there is a firm cell-wall, so the movement remains quite unexplained. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" These rhizopods suddenly drew in their hair-like cilia and sank to the bottom, to all appearances dead. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals Frequently they show a quick movement which is probably in all cases due to cilia, which are, however, too small to be seen in most cases. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The second glume is as long as the first, broadly oblong, sides sharply folded inwards, 3-nerved, rarely nerveless, with long hairs at the back towards the base and with short cilia at the apex. A Handbook of Some South Indian Grasses Presently he took to crawling, or rather running, over a thread of conferva, and then his back was elegantly arched, and his cilia stood erect like the quills of a porcupine. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z For instance, B. megatherium and B. subtilis pass in a few hours after commencement of growth from a motile stage with peritrichous cilia, into one of filamentous growth preceded by casting of the cilia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The rapidly vibrating cilia which surround the margin of the "bells" give rise to currents in the water which can be easily made out as they sweep floating particles toward the creatures' mouths and stomachs. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals They are little oval bodies with two cilia, which may sometimes be rendered visible by staining with iodine. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses These filaments, together with the interior of the tubes, are covered with a peculiar kind of cells, upon which are minute cilia, or hairs, in constant motion. Plain Facts for Old and Young It often requires some little trouble to get a good view of the cilia, which are arranged in transverse and longitudinal rows. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z D. A motile rodlet with one cilium and with a spore formed inside. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" They have simply coiled themselves upon their slender stems, have drawn in their cilia, and are feigning death. The Dawn of Reason or, Mental Traits in the Lower Animals To see the cilia it is necessary to kill the spermatozoids with iodine or some other reagent. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses The latter have cilia surrounding the head, which is globular. Aids to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology The Stylonichia are oval animalcules, surrounded by cilia, and having moreover a collection of styles, both straight and curved, the latter called uncini, or little hooks. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z B. Diagram of a small air tube showing the lining of cilia. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Thus, in the case of our common clam, the breathing organs are covered with vibratory cilia, which, acting like brooms, sweep off any foreign matter which may come upon their surfaces. Outlines of the Earth's History A Popular Study in Physiography These spores, it will be noticed, differ in one important particular from corresponding spores in most algæ, in being unprovided with cilia, and incapable of spontaneous movement. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Reproduction takes place by division; the distal half developing cilia and becoming a swarm-spore. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The creature itself stands upon a retractile foot-stalk, and thrusts out above its battlements a large head, with four leaf-like expansions surrounded by cilia. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z They line the mucous membrane in most of the air passages, and are so placed that the cilia project into the tubes. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools There is beauty, beauty everywhere; the crystals of the snow, the cell structure of the leaf, the scales of the butterfly's wing, the pedicels, capsules and cilia of these mosses. Some Winter Days in Iowa At the forward end, the coils are smaller, and there are numerous very long and delicate cilia. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Mouth central; pharynx long, tubular; cilia in two broad zones Family Urocentridæ c. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The first of these was a very small worm-like thing, with one eye, a tuft of cilia about the mouth, and two toes at the tail end. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The former consist of a minute mass of protoplasm, granular and mostly colored green, but clear and colorless at the more pointed end, and where it is prolonged into two delicate filaments called cilia. Scientific American Supplement, No. 623, December 10, 1887 Each myxamœba is drawn out at one spot into a fine delicate tail or cilium, as at C, D, E, and is capable of a creeping motion in moisture. The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers From Seeds and Roots 16th Edition The cells thus formed are sometimes provided with two cilia, and are capable of active movement. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Mouth posterior; form asymmetrical; cilia dispersed or limited to oral region Family Microthoracidæ d. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 It was possibly very young, and did not thrust out its cilia in two distinct tufts, as Cohn describes, although it may have had the power of doing so. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The cilia which propel them secure the aeration of the system. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 423 Volume 17, New Series, February 7, 1852 She could not take up her abode with either of her guardians, one a bachelor under forty, the other the prototype of Briggs, the old miser in "C�cilia." Autobiography, Letters and Literary Remains of Mrs. Piozzi (Thrale) (2nd ed.) (2 vols.) Edited with notes and Introductory Account of her life and writings On escaping, each mass of protoplasm swims away as a zoöspore, with two extremely delicate cilia. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Bristles, or tentacles, in addition to cilia 6 4. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 From the large size of each cilium they are very favorable creatures for exhibiting the real nature of the action, which gives rise to the rotatory appearance, and which can be easier studied than described. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z These paddles are nothing more or less than cilia of a peculiar kind, ranged in eight bands upon the surface of the body. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 423 Volume 17, New Series, February 7, 1852 They became almost sessile, living generally buried in the mud and gaining their food, consisting mostly of minute particles of organic matter, by means of currents created by cilia covering the large curtain-like gills. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 By killing the zoöspores with a little iodine the granular nature of the protoplasm is made more evident, and the cilia may be seen. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Body symmetrical; 4 small tentacles from mouth; cilia and cirri in girdles Genus *Mesodinium 7. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Another inmate of the same water was a lively long-tailed rotifer, with a small oval body, a tuft of vibrating cilia and a curved bristle visible among them on one side. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z After passing through certain changes here, the egg issues from the maternal pouch as an oval body, clothed with cilia—an animalcule in external aspect, and as unlike its parent as can well be imagined. Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 423 Volume 17, New Series, February 7, 1852 It is interesting to note that in the organisms of the higher animals, including man, there are numerous cilia performing offices in connection with nutrition, etc. A Series of Lessons in Gnani Yoga The spermatozoids of a peat moss are shown in Figure 60, D. Like all of the bryophytes they have but two cilia. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany For High Schools and Elementary College Courses Shell composed of small sculptured pieces; cilia long, uniform Genus *Tiarina * Presence at Woods Hole indicated by asterisk. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 But that which constitutes the glory of this little being is the crown of five tapering tentacles, each having two rows of long cilia arranged on opposing sides, but not in the same plane. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z "C�cilia, a Journal for the Musical World," &c. Beethoven's Letters 1790-1826, Volume 2 It is semi-transparent, and possesses cilia for forcing in the water containing its food. A Series of Lessons in Gnani Yoga There it rests with expanded branchiae and moving cilia; a rude passer-by jostles it, and with startled sensitiveness it shrinks from the outer world and hides behind a stony mask. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 01, No. 04, February, 1858 One or more circles of long cilia at the base of the mouth portion or upon it. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 At times a view can be obtained, in which the cilia of perhaps a single tentacle are all ranged like the steel springs of a musical box. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z In this condition they are covered with vibratile cilia or fringes, that are always in rapid, uninterrupted motion, and keep them swimming about in the water. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 55, May, 1862 The motile force is imparted to the gonidium by dense rows of waving cilia with which it is completely surrounded. Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884 They are very small and circular, and the interior is clothed with cells very similar to the cilia cells in higher animal life. Scientific American Supplement, No. 601, July 9, 1887 The body cilia are not thickly placed except around the proboscis. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 It is entirely covered with fine cilia, disposed in longitudinal rows, and round the head is a spiral wreath of larger and very conspicuous cilia leading to the mouth. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Here the conjugating cells swim free in water; they have no cell-wall, and move actively by cilia. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 By subjecting the cilia to the action of iodine, their motion is arrested, they are stained brown, and become very plainly visible. Scientific American Supplement, No. 460, October 25, 1884 B represents two tentacles, showing the direction in which the cilia vibrate. Glaucus, or the Wonders of the Shore The contractile vacuole is terminal, the proboscis is short, slightly raised and separated from the body by a deep cleft; the buccal cilia are inserted part way up on the proboscis. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Presently they all rose up to four times their previous height, put forth a beautiful crown of vibrating cilia, and opened a sort of trap-door to their internal arrangements. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The protoplasm of the other protuberance divides into many small masses, furnished with cilia, the spermatozoids or male cells. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 They have a more or less bell-shaped body with a circle of vibrating cilia around the oral disk. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section T, U, V, and W These shells rather hang on than cover the bodies, which have a pair of lobes, around which vibrate minute cilia in such a manner as to give them an appearance of rotatory motion. Glaucus, or the Wonders of the Shore Finally, the anterior end broke off with about one-tenth of the body; the remainder, in an hour, had regenerated a new anterior end with long cilia, but with no indication of four sides. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Each tentacle exhibits two rows of cilia, which scintillate as their vibrations cause them to catch the light. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z The stentors have a bell-shaped, or cornucopia- like, body with a circle of cilia around the spiral terminal disk. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section S They are distinguished by having vibrating lashes or cilia, with which they obtain their food and swim about. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section I, J, K, and L At the end of each twig is a membrane pierced by pores, and a number of cilia depend into the lumen of the tube; these cilia maintain a constant motion. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 The cilia on this angular part are distinctly longer than the rest. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The motion of the cilia is invariably down one side and up the other, the current or pattern being carried on from one tentacle to the other, all through the series. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z In animals, the familiar type is that of a small, more or less ovoid head, with a delicate threadlike cilium, or tail. The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Section S The individual zoospore-like bodies, with two cilia throughout life, perforating the membranous coats, and by their conjoined action causing a free co-operative movement of the whole group. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 The mucous membrane in the nasal passages contains cilia, which catch the dust. Maintaining Health Formerly Health and Efficiency The motile organs are cirri and cilia, all inserted in the constriction. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Amongst the ciliated infusoria important gradations and differences will also be noticed, some having only one sort of cilia, others two sorts, and others, again, supplied, in addition to cilia, with hooks and styles. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z It has even been found that both are alike provided with those cilia, which, producing a revolving motion, or its appearance, is partly the cause of the name given to this animalcule. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation Reproduction by zoospores formed of the whole contents of a cell, with a crown of numerous cilia; resting spores formed in sporangial cells after fecundation by ciliated spermatozoids formed in antheridial cells. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 These cells sometimes have on the free surface delicate prolongations called cilia. A Practical Physiology There are two sets of cirri and one of cilia; the latter stand out radially from the girdle and are usually in motion. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 No one of the members of these four classes is known to possess vibratile cilia. Marvels of Pond-life A Year's Microscopic Recreations 2011-08-01T02:00:12.067Z Close to the origin of these cilia, in the substance of the body, is a regularly pulsating, contractile vacuole. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The Norwegian Magosphaera planula, swimming about by means of the lashes or cilia at its surface. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The cilia move very rapidly when quite fresh, and are therefore not easily seen. A Practical Physiology The radial cilia differ decidedly from the more powerful cirri and they are not in one plane, so that counting is difficult; they are not closely set. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The movements of the cilia in the solution seemed at first increased, but soon languished, and after between 15 and 20 minutes ceased; whilst those in the water were still acting vigorously. Insectivorous Plants It then becomes quite quiet, the cilia disappear, it assumes a spherical form, and surrounds itself with a distinct, though delicate, membranous coat. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays True, their thinly scattered cilia and their breastplate of fat form a palisade and a rampart against the sting, which nearly always enters only a little way and that obliquely. Bramble-Bees and Others Delicate, hair-like filaments, not unlike the pile on velvet, called cilia, spring from the epithelial lining of the air tubes. A Practical Physiology The cilia are long, with a specialized crown of still longer ones at the oral end; they arise outside of the skeletal elements and do not pass between them, as in Coleps. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The white corpuscles of the blood of a frog, and the cilia on two infusorial animals, a Paramaecium and Volvox, were similarly affected by the poison. Insectivorous Plants The constriction of the body extended inwards until the two portions were united by a narrow isthmus; finally, they separated and each swam away by itself, a complete Heteromita, provided with its two cilia. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays With regard to animals and plants, the locomotive spores of some algae, furnished with cilia, would have been ranked with animals if it had not been known that they developed into algae. More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 Some have a definite mouth-funnel, but no stomach, and cilia drawing the water into it. The Story of Evolution The cilia are fine and uniform, with a tendency to lengthen in the oral region. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 On the other hand, the movements of the cilia on the mantle of an Unio were not always arrested, even when left for a consider- * 'Proceedings of Royal Society,' Feb. Insectivorous Plants Behind this, from the concave side of the incurvation, proceeded another long cilium, so delicate as to be discernible only by the use of the highest powers and careful management of the light. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The entire body is covered with uniform and delicate cilia, which are placed in longitudinal rows. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 It is sometimes approached by a very shallow depression or peristome from the anterior end, and marked by two rows of cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Dorsal striæ and cilia present, ventral cilia longer Genus Orthodon b. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Movement is rapid and usual forwards in a straight line, often found resting, however, with outstretched cilia in contact with some foreign body. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 From the depression, two long and delicate cilia proceed, one shorter than the other, and directed forwards. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The membrane is longitudinally striped and covered with long and vibratile cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The body is covered with fine cilia in longitudinal lines, except on the peristome. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Dorsal striæ and cilia absent; posterior end not pointed Genus *Chilodon c. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 On the right edge of the peristome are large, powerful cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The small end, however, is not produced into one long cilium, but the general surface of the body is covered with small actively vibrating ciliary organs, which are only longest at the small end. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays It often remains quiet, with membrane and cilia outstretched, as though dead, but suddenly gives a spring and is gone. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The body is clothed with long setose cilia which are frequently fully outstretched when the animal is resting, a slight tremor of the large membrane alone indicating vitality. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Dorsal striæ and cilia absent; posterior end pointed Genus Scaphidiodon 5. a. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Other observers, however, usually describe but one, the left, which is clearly defined and stretches out some distance from the body, while the right border is described as having smaller but very active cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The shorter cilium vibrates actively, and effects the locomotion of the organism, while the other trails behind; the whole body rolling on its axis with its pointed end forwards. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The general body surface is clothed with fine, uniform cilia, and body striæ are usually absent. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The ectoplasm consists of a relatively thick cortical plasm specially noticeable in the posterior half of the body and a delicate cuticle which bears almost imperceptible longitudinal markings—the insertion points of the fine cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 A slight depression on the ventral surface marks the mouth region, which is further indicated by larger and more powerful cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The body is covered with uniform cilia except at the anterior extremity. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Each is oval and is provided at one extremity with two long active cilia. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays I was unable to find any cilia in the peristome. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The cuticle is distinctly striated with longitudinal markings, and the cilia are uniform in length. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 A slight depression on one surface marks the position of the mouth, this depression being indicated by a row of longer cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The bristle is extremely delicate, scarcely thicker than a cilium, and easily overlooked, yet with proper focussing of the condenser I found it on every specimen examined. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Sometimes, however, the Chlamydomonas divides into eight parts, each of which is provided with four instead of two cilia. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The cilia are long, inserted rather widely apart along the longitudinal markings. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Thecate forms; the body is attached by a stalk to the cup; within the adoral zone is a ring of cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The cuticle is firm and unyielding and marked by longitudinal and somewhat spiral rows of cilia and trichocysts. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The surface of the peristome is free from cilia, but the rest of the body is uniformly coated with small active cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Two long cilia protrude through the cell-wall, and effect the rapid locomotion of this "monad," which, in all respects except its mobility, is characteristically a plant. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays They are not closely set, and fine cilia are thickly inserted along their edges. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The adoral zone of cilia either passes entirely around the peristome edge or ends at the right-hand edge. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The lines of cilia converge at the mouth, and at this region the cilia are somewhat larger and more distinct, thus forming a functional adoral zone. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The surface of the peristome is spirally striated and provided with cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Each of these had a body shaped like a pear, the small end being slightly incurved and produced into a long curved filament, or cilium, of extreme tenuity. Discourses Biological and Geological Essays The ventral surface in some cases bears cilia, which may be distributed or restricted to a row of large cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The entire body is covered with cilia, but as the lorica is always opaque these can be made out only when the animal is induced to leave the house. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The cilia are confined to the ventral surface, here reaching, however, from the anterior dorsal extremity to below the posterior indentation. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Peristome more or less indistinct; cilia reduced to a few rows on the ventral surface; anal and frontal cirri present Family Oxytrichidæ c. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The ventral surface is striated by longitudinal straight or slightly curved lines, the dorsal surface is smooth and without cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Usually some of the anterior and some of the posterior cilia are fused into cirri, distinguished as the frontal and anal cirri, respectively. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 In the majority of forms all of the cilia are thus differentiated; strong marginal cirri are formed in perfect rows, and ventral cirri in imperfect rows. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 Posteriorly the cilia become larger, corresponding to the larger cirri of D. armata, which are posterior to the spine. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 In addition to the adoral zone there is an undulating membrane on the right side of the peristome, and in some cases a row of cilia between the membrane and the adoral zone. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The anterior cirri appear to line the upper left border of the peristome, which is marked by a row of large cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 It is apt to stay in one locality under zooglœa, switching back and forth with great vivacity, or hanging on by the posterior cilia while the anterior end stretches out in the surrounding medium. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The peristome is well-marked by the adoral zone, and upon its right border there is a row of cilia, and a similar row of cilia runs along the base of the oral membranelle. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The left edge of the mouth carries a distinct undulating membrane; the right edge is plain, longitudinally striated and bears cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 I am positive that cilia do not occur on the ventral face of this form, and that the characteristic cirri are the sole locomotor organs. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The latter is bordered by four membranes composed of cilia. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 In the Woods Hole form the cilia are not more than half that length. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 A secondary circlet of cilia around the posterior end may be present either permanently or periodically. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 The body is uniformly covered with fine cilia, and the periphery is uniformly studded with large trichocysts, except along the furrow. Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901 |
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