| 单词 | chromosome |
| 例句 | As a rule, however, the extra is a separate chromosome, making the number 47. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Research into HPV eventually uncovered how Henrietta’s cancer started: HPV inserted its DNA into the long arm of her eleventh chromosome and essentially turned off her p 5 3 tumor suppressor gene. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z My twenty- three paired chromosomes have linked up and crossed over, spinning their roulette wheel, as my papou puts his hand on my mother’s belly and says, “Lucky two!” Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z The thread began on a day two hundred and fifty years ago, when the biology gods, for their own amusement, monkeyed with a gene on a baby’s fifth chromosome. Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z The centrioles, which hoist the microtubules on which chromosomes are strung for mitosis, are similar separate creatures; when not busy with mitosis, they become the basal bodies to which cilia are attached. The Lives of a Cell 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z Deborah traced her mother’s chromosomes in the picture with her finger. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z That accidental discovery was the first of several developments that would allow two researchers from Spain and Sweden to discover that normal human cells have forty-six chromosomes. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z One of the chromosomes wasn’t sticking to the Velcro very well, so it drooped a little. The Science of Breakable Things 2018-03-06T00:00:00Z Once scientists knew how many chromosomes people were supposed to have, they could tell when a person had too many or too few, which made it possible to diagnose genetic diseases. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z The paired maternal and paternal chromosomes hug each other and readily swap genetic information. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z The chemosterilants of this group are alkylating agents, which are extremely reactive chemicals, capable of intense cell destruction, damage to chromosomes, and production of mutations. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The abnormality consists of the loss of part of a chromosome. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Frivolously worrying whether bacteria had one, two, or three chromosomes would not help us win the DNA structure. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The man who discovered that fact was Walter Nelson-Rees, a chromosome expert who was director of cell culture at the Naval laboratory. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z It would be foolish to assume that any single agent is responsible for damaging the chromosomes or causing their erratic behavior during cell division. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Genes reside on chromosomes—long, filamentous structures buried within cells that contain tens of thousands of genes linked together in chains.* The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Their chromosomes and proteins have been studied with such detail and precision that scientists know their every quirk. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z I read about Klinefelter’s Syndrome, where an extra X chromosome renders a person tall, eunuchoid, and temperamentally unpleasant. Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z This is accomplished with extraordinary precision by a change in the behavior of the chromosomes that occurs at one of the divisions producing those cells. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Researchers had long believed that human cells contained forty- eight chromosomes, the threads of DNA inside cells that contain all of our genetic information. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z In the summer of 1902, working on grasshopper sperm and egg cells—which have particularly gigantic chromosomes—Sutton also postulated that genes were physically carried on chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z The second group consists of chemicals that act on the chromosomes, probably affecting the gene chemicals and causing the chromosomes to break up. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z These genes had to be positioned farther apart on the chromosome. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z In these patients the skin cells have a normal complement of chromosomes. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The swapping of genetic information between paired chromosomes is crucial to the mixing and matching of hereditary information between parents. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Recent medical findings in the field of chromosome abnormalities are of extreme interest and significance. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z There are countless people under words like “germline mosaicism,” “chromosome rearrangement,” or “delayed mutation.” Wonder 2012-02-14T00:00:00Z At this time the chromosomes do not split, but one whole chromosome of each pair goes into each daughter cell. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z But for now, in a fragile peace dominated by the buzz of flies, they immersed themselves in experiments on genes and chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Humans have forty-six such chromosomes in total—twenty-three from one parent and twenty-three from another. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Packets of information were themselves packaged—into chromosomes, and ultimately in cells. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Boveri had identified the chromosome as the physical residence for genes, but the deeper architecture of genes and chromosomes still remained unclear. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z This pretty much meant he was wearing a giant Velcro vest with little chromosomes attached. The Science of Breakable Things 2018-03-06T00:00:00Z For two genes on the same chromosome, the same principle applied: there was no simple way to separate the forked-bristle gene from the coat-color gene. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z One, known only as Klinefelter’s syndrome, involves a duplication of one of the sex chromosomes. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z If a chromosome disappeared and production of a certain enzyme stopped, researchers knew the gene for that enzyme must be on the most recently vanished chromosome. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Scientists in laboratories throughout North America and Europe began fusing cells and using them to map genetic traits to specific chromosomes, creating a precursor to the human genome map we have today. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Given the fact that DNA was known to occur in the chromosomes of all cells, Avery’s experiments strongly suggested that future experiments would show that all genes were composed of DNA. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z The study of human chromosomes is in its infancy, and so it has only recently become possible to study the effect of environmental factors upon them. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Hsu was the University of Texas geneticist whose earlier work with HeLa and other cells had made it possible to discover the correct number of human chromosomes. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z But a second mechanism of generating genetic diversity exists: genetic information can be swapped between chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Recombination is also a form of “mutation”—except whole chunks of genetic material are swapped between chromosomes.* The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z According to present knowledge, the occurrence of an entire extra body chromosome is usually lethal, preventing survival of the embryo. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Avery had established himself as a competent microbiologist, but had never imagined venturing into the new world of genes and chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z That genes could also be reproduced, recombined between chromosomes, and repaired by specific proteins, explained how cells and organisms manage to conserve, copy, and reshuffle genetic information across generations. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Without their knowing, my grandparents, on their way to America, were each carrying a single mutated gene on the fifth chromosome. Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z It has been shown experimentally to disturb the basic physiological process of respiration in the cell, and to imitate X-rays in damaging the chromosomes. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z As to which came first, the malignancy or the disturbance of the chromosomes, these workers say without hesitation that “the chromosomal irregularities precede the malignancy.” Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z They also knew that there was a string of DNA at the end of each chromosome called a telomere, which shortened a tiny bit each time a cell divided, like time ticking off a clock. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Plants treated with various phenols suffered profound destruction of chromosomes, changes in genes, a striking number of mutations, “irreversible hereditary changes.” Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Morgan and Sturtevant extended that anatomical strand in the 1920s, demonstrating that genes were material units, spread linearly along chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Morgan’s work had pinpointed their location on chromosomes, where they were supposedly strung like beads on a wire. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Dimly, as if through a veil, geneticists were beginning to visualize patterns and themes: threads, strings, maps, crossings, broken and unbroken lines, chromosomes that carried information in a coded and compressed form. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z They use terms like “germline mosaicism,” “chromosome rearrangement,” or “delayed mutation” to explain why their science is not an exact science. Wonder 2012-02-14T00:00:00Z In this way each new cell will contain a complete set of chromosomes, and all the genetic information encoded within them. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z These genes, Morgan’s students hypothesized, were physically closest to each other on the chromosome. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z To the untrained eye, it simply creates a beautiful mosaic of colored chromosomes. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z An immense amount of work on the subject of chromosome abnormalities is being done by workers in many countries. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The inseparability of features had a material basis: the chromosome was a “string” along which certain genes were permanently strung. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Genes that had no linkage whatsoever had to be present on entirely different chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z These have been found to have a consistent chromosome abnormality in some of the blood cells. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Another path to cancer may be by way of the chromosomes. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Let us return to linkage: Morgan’s experiments had established that genes that were physically linked to each other on the same chromosome were inherited together. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z A “gene for redness,” Beets understood, is a unit of hereditary information, and it is carried from a parent to its children in an indivisible form in DNA—in genes, in chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z This explained the mechanics of HeLa’s immortality: telomerase constantly rewound the ticking clock at the end of Henrietta’s chromosomes so they never grew old and never died. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z The list of defects linked to chromosome disturbances has grown with surprising speed since the opening of this territory, hitherto beyond the boundaries of medical research. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The first is the genome of the DNA in chromosomes, the genome of the famous human genome project, which proclaimed its success with great fanfare in 2000. 1491 2005-10-10T00:00:00Z By the end of the evening, Sturtevant had sketched the first linear genetic map of half a dozen genes along a Drosophila chromosome. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Their cells grew in size, being swollen with chromosomes which doubled in number. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z All except two, a pair of miscreants—or revolutionaries, depending on your view—hiding out on chromosome number 5. Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z This is so new a field of study that as yet scientists have been more concerned with identifying the chromosome abnormalities associated with disease and defective development than with speculating about the causes. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z “There’s forty-six of those pieces of DNA in every human nucleus. We call those chromosomes —those are the things that were colored bright in that big picture I gave you.” The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Because the chromosome number for a given species is constant, the egg and the sperm, which are to unite to form a new individual, must carry to their union only half the species number. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z They couldn’t remember things the way everyone else could, or see the models that were in the air, you know, of chromosomes or stamens. Feed 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z Having pinpointed the location of gender-carrying genes to a single chromosome, Stevens proposed that all genes might be carried on chromosomes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z By 1910, the greatest minds in biology had accepted that discrete particles of information carried on chromosomes were the carriers of hereditary information. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Especially intriguing was his hunch that specific ions might be the trick for the exact copying of macromolecules or the attraction between similar chromosomes. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Soon after Harris’s HeLa-chicken study, a pair of researchers at New York University discovered that human-mouse hybrids lost their human chromosomes over time, leaving only the mouse chromosomes. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z Schrödinger imagined a chemical with multiple chemical bonds stretching out along the length of the “chromosome fiber.” The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Working with mustard gas, they found that this chemical produces permanent chromosome abnormalities that cannot be distinguished from those induced by radiation. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z In these online conversations, the word sex referred purely to biology—the chromosomes, organs, and anatomy that define male and female from the outside. The 57 Bus 2017-10-17T00:00:00Z And what of the many other pesticides that interfere with cell division, break chromosomes, cause mutations? Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Again we find that only by looking at some of the smallest units of life, the cell and its chromosomes, can we find that wider vision needed to penetrate such mysteries. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Many of the most distinguished research men in this field look with suspicion on any agent that damages the chromosomes, interferes with cell division, or causes mutations. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The movement of genetic information from one chromosome to another occurs only under extremely special circumstances. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z The loss of part of a chromosome has perhaps deprived these cells of their “instructions” for normal behavior. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Thus, for relief, Maurice had taken up interference microscopy to find a trick for weighing chromosomes. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Units of hereditary information, encoded in DNA and packaged on chromosomes, are transmitted through sperm and egg into an embryo, and from the embryo to every living cell in an organism’s body. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Occasionally this is attached to another so that the chromosome number remains the normal 46. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z DNA from the maternal chromosome can exchange positions with DNA from the paternal chromosome—potentially generating a gene hybrid of maternal and paternal genes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z In 1959 several British and French research teams found their independent studies pointing to a common conclusion — that some of humanity’s ills are caused by a disturbance of the normal chromosome number. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z The chromosomes inside the cells swelled and spread out, and for the first time, scientists could see each of them clearly. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z As a Ph.D. student, he’d used HeLa to help develop something called fluorescence in situ hybridization, otherwise known as FISH, a technique for painting chromosomes with multicolored fluorescent dyes that shine bright under ultraviolet light. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z But it wasn’t possible . . . and Dr. Luce had said that Callie was a . . . and why hadn’t he mentioned anything about chromosomes . . . and how could it be true? Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z Sing now, O Muse, of the recessive mutation on my fifth chromosome! Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z Many chemicals used as pesticides — herbicides as well as insecticides — belong to this group of substances that have the ability to damage the chromosomes, interfere with normal cell division, or cause mutations. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z But chromosomes clumped together, making it impossible to get an accurate count. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z This allowed scientists to begin mapping human genes to specific chromosomes by tracking the order in which genetic traits vanished. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks 2010-02-02T00:00:00Z To illustrate: it is now known that all typical mongoloids have one extra chromosome. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z She had always told him to beware the law behind closed doors, the yellow-toothed men behind silver badges who had been betrayed by their chromosomes and their birth. The Great Santini 1976-01-01T00:00:00Z Other investigators point to the fact that the chromosomes in cancer tissue are unstable; they tend to be broken or damaged, the number may be erratic, there may even be double sets. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z But, no matter how well trained, medical eyes couldn’t spot a reces-sive mutation hiding out on a fifth chromosome. Middlesex: A Novel 2002-06-05T00:00:00Z The nucleic acid in a chromosome, as one biochemist put it, was merely the “structure-determining, supporting substance”—a glorified molecular scaffold for genes. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z “A carrier of twin X chromosomes,” I affirmed. 100 Sideways Miles 2014-09-02T00:00:00Z Within the nucleus, the chromosomes mysteriously move and divide, ranging themselves in age- old patterns that will serve to distribute the determiners of heredity, the genes, to the daughter cells. Silent Spring 1962-09-27T00:00:00Z Some of my cells were missing their second X chromosome. 2010-01-29T21:20:00Z Yes, it’s true, biology fans – being able to have a son instead of a daughter is not a matter of sex-determining chromosomes but brilliance. 2013: The year in sexism 2013-12-26T15:00:00Z I was just reading about chromosomes, and so my mind has, like, been blown. | Alex Borstein, Star of HBO’s ‘Getting On’ 2013-12-13T18:06:22Z The great apes most closely related to humans have two pairs of 24 chromosomes while humans have two pairs of 23, so if Darwin was right about common ancestry, where did the 24th chromosome go? Make them talk about evolution: Why won’t a single Republican presidential candidate admit that Darwin’s right 2016-02-02T05:00:00Z This observation has even led some to believe that wearing noticeable socks on World Down Syndrome Day is a symbolic way to represent the extra chromosome that causes Down syndrome. World Down Syndrome Day: How 'eye-catching' socks became a tradition 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z I don’t think these differences are rooted in chromosomes, I think they’re rooted in culture. Kyle Pruett on Fatherhood 2012-07-23T11:00:00Z Gradually, Mahmudi learned that she was born with XY chromosomes, and the pills she was given every day were hormone replacement medications that she would need for the rest of her life. Are hasty operations on intersex children becoming a thing of the past? 2020-07-14T04:00:00Z In most cases, XX chromosomes will become female and XY chromosomes will become male. This Is When and How Children Develop Their Gender Identity 2016-04-15T04:00:00Z In the song she counts down the floors, assigning to each one a historical, personal or religious image: 95 theses, 79 “Star Trek” episodes, 46 human chromosomes, 26 miles, 12 tribes of Israel. Gangsta Folk 2011-03-13T09:12:36Z Let’s just say that if my chromosomes paired me with a nonagenarian or a gun nut or a farmer somewhere in the Urals, issues might present. True Love? On TV, There’s an App for That. 2021-04-21T04:00:00Z Then, suddenly, something new arrived on the scene, complicated “eukaryotic” cells, complete with nuclei, tightly packed chromosomes and all kinds of specialised compartments. Heart of the matter 2015-04-30T04:00:00Z Azalea was a trisomic rhesus monkey; she had three copies of one chromosome, just as in human Down syndrome. Militant atheism has become a religion 2013-03-25T01:00:00Z But somebody must have missed a chromosome, because two young co-workers find themselves attracted to each other, and that’s not allowed. Summer Movie Release Schedule 2016 2016-04-29T04:00:00Z Just to use some examples from the film, maybe you have XY chromosomes — what we think of as male chromosomes — but present externally what we would think a woman is. "They're tired of explaining their own bodies": Intersex folks counter right-wing hate and shaming 2023-07-06T04:00:00Z “But mostly, movingly, it is a female-friendship movie about two people who each started life with an XY chromosome set.” What’s on TV Wednesday: ‘20/20: The Real Designated Survivor’ and Usher in ‘Neighborhood Sessions’ 2016-11-23T05:00:00Z When an apocalyptic event wipes out every living creature on the planet with a Y chromosome, he's the only cisgender human male left alive. "Y: The Last Man" presents a fascinating dystopia that probes the artifacts of our gendered world 2021-09-14T04:00:00Z Because making a gay romantic comedy isn’t as simple as switching out an X chromosome here and there. Crafting a Rom-Com That’s True to 21st-Century Gay Life 2022-05-18T04:00:00Z And done well, for the right reasons, there’s no reason why swapping chromosomes for a remake can’t work. Lord of the Flies to Ocean’s Eight: how Hollywood reboots are flipping gender 2017-09-02T04:00:00Z Comics series by Brian K. Vaughan and Pia Guerra, “Y” imagines a world in which almost everyone with a Y chromosome dies abruptly. Amber Tamblyn Goes Dancing With Bowling Shoes 2021-09-24T04:00:00Z I liked that his initials would be YX, the chromosomes for a male. A boy named Sue? Why not! I named my kids Yo and E 2014-03-22T23:00:00Z Two X chromosomes will not automatically make one an honest and fair human being and it is encouraging to see so many comments here based on the common sense that takes that factor into account. Alec Baldwin Skewers Trump. And Supports Allen and Toback. 2018-02-02T05:00:00Z “History, world history, would have been so different, just by one chromosome being different.” Sondra Radvanovsky, Opera Royalty, Takes On Donizetti’s Triple Crown 2016-01-28T05:00:00Z At least one of our losses was down to a chromosomal abnormality known as a triploidy: essentially an extra set of chromosomes. My four miscarriages: why is losing a pregnancy so shrouded in mystery? 2020-05-05T04:00:00Z In some cases, they can do this for decades, even though they have HIV genomes woven deeply into their chromosomes. The 'elite controllers' who can naturally suppress HIV 2021-04-04T04:00:00Z Lucas was born with Down syndrome, a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. First baby with Down syndrome is Gerber's baby of the year 2018-02-07T05:00:00Z "Not everyone with a Y chromosome is a man," she says before speaking the core truth of that tragedy, one that speaks to the obstacle getting in the way of understanding each other even now. "Y: The Last Man" presents a fascinating dystopia that probes the artifacts of our gendered world 2021-09-14T04:00:00Z Last time I looked, Melissa McCarthy doesn't have a Y chromosome. Kimmel, Covfefe, ‘Wonder Woman’: Washington’s Views on Pop Culture in 2017 2017-12-26T05:00:00Z The phrase “real men” was worse than meaningless: it suggested that basic empathy and compassion were somehow masculine qualities, found only in the carriers of sturdy, untainted Y chromosomes. Sorry, Nev Schulman: Real men don’t tweet about what “real men” do 2014-09-16T04:00:00Z Such untraditional content is a survival strategy for glossies with a Y chromosome tilt in this homo novus era, where every reference to masculinity wears an implied “toxic” like a hair shirt. As Men Are Canceled, So Too Their Magazine Subscriptions 2019-11-02T04:00:00Z Lucas was born with Down syndrome, a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. First baby with Down syndrome is Gerber's baby of the year 2018-02-07T05:00:00Z Powell says the bacterium he used to carry the wheat gene into the chestnut chromosome is already found, naturally, in the DNA of some tree species, including the walnut. Perspective | Blight wiped out the American chestnut. Parallel efforts are close to bringing it back. 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z All of the conditions are caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the baby’s cells. Doctors develop 'transformational' new DNA test for Down's syndrome 2017-11-09T05:00:00Z Back in 1990, comics pretty much looked like a Y chromosome. 25 Years of Drawn & Quarterly, Champion of Female Cartoonists 2015-06-12T04:00:00Z It has 24 chromosomes and its genome size is less than one-tenth that of the human genome. Cranberries can bounce, float and pollinate themselves: The saucy science of a Thanksgiving classic 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z Adam Ferrara, 44, is the quick-witted stand-up comic and guy's guy with an appreciation for cars and an X chromosome that makes him game for experimentation. 'Top Gear' puts an American spin on its fast show 2010-11-20T00:47:00Z Because he had zero sperm, he had to undergo a chromosome test to establish that he was male. The male infertility crisis: ‘My failure at fatherhood ate away at my very being’ 2018-08-12T04:00:00Z There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human body; zodiac signs usually change on the 23rd of the month; that crazy bomber dude in the film Airport even sat in seat 23. Romola Garai's Baftas childbirth gag had me in stitches 2013-05-13T18:59:01Z Literary biographies remind us that even the gods are human — primates, like the rest of us, just a few chromosomes away from the sapajous. When Vladimir Nabokov and Edmund Wilson went from friends to enemies: 'The Feud' 2016-12-08T05:00:00Z Some World Down Syndrome Day observers have noticed that sock-like shapes have a similar appearance to chromosomes. World Down Syndrome Day: How 'eye-catching' socks became a tradition 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z For all his panache and swagger, Bond was never able to boast even a single genetically altered chromosome. The Bourne Legacy trailer: will it bring you running? 2012-06-01T15:51:25Z I was reading this interesting article in “Nature Magazine” or something — you know how we have two X chromosomes? | Alex Borstein, Star of HBO’s ‘Getting On’ 2013-12-13T18:06:22Z It was on the men’s X-chromosome, one of the chromosomes that determine gender. This is your brain on murder: What the mind of a psychopath looks like 2014-03-09T18:30:00Z I learned what that missing bit of her fourth chromosome could mean. Waiting to love my child 2013-05-07T23:45:00Z The cranberry is a diploid, which means that each cell contains one set of chromosomes from the maternal parent and one set from the paternal parent. Cranberries can bounce, float and pollinate themselves: The saucy science of a Thanksgiving classic 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z There are 22 other chromosomes that could have deletions, or additions, or extra copies. Waiting to love my child 2013-05-07T23:45:00Z Sex also spreads genes. If a guy has one set of genes and a gal has another, their offspring get a melange of ma and pa chromosomes. Sex’s feel-good evolution: Charles Darwin’s erotic shocker 2014-03-09T20:00:00Z To begin with, the first pregnancy in his novel ends with an abortion after tests show that the fetus has too many chromosomes. This Is Parenthood — and Not Just the Charming, Photogenic Parts 2021-01-05T05:00:00Z The novel, “The Men,” which is set to be published in June, describes a scenario in which “all people with a Y chromosome mysteriously disappear from the face of the earth,” according to Newman’s publisher. Lauren Hough Loses Lambda Prize Nomination After a Twitter Feud 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z I remember saying I wanted her to be Laura, my daughter, not a medical case, not an extra chromosome. When my daughter was diagnosed 2014-02-12T00:00:00Z NO...from being treated as second-class citizens, whether it be in employment, pay scales, admission to elite colleges and a few other things heretofore giving us with a Y chromosome unfair advantages. Dear Movie Industry, We Have Thoughts 2018-05-02T04:00:00Z Let's just riff about x and y chromosomes and Irish giants. The Serpent's Promise by Steve Jones – digested read 2013-05-05T17:29:01Z If you read Maureen Dowd’s questioning of the Y chromosome and the history of it, and what may happen to it, she argues that women might be O.K. without us. | Jeff Goldblum, Star of the Off-Broadway Play ‘Domesticated’ 2013-12-18T19:45:29Z To borrow from Hunter S Thompson on Richard Nixon, it is a triumph of the twisted gene and the broken chromosome, misconceived at a molecular-genetic level, ruined in the womb, born dead. The Book of Henry is a catastrophically awful film. Everyone should see it 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z This chromosome was first designed by scientists on the computer and was then spliced together by undergraduates in a “Build-A-Genome” class. Scientific breakthrough holds promise for biofuels and beer! 2014-03-28T15:00:00Z “It’s as if that Y chromosome they hold entitles them to self-discovery, to reinvention.” Review | In ‘The Book of Two Ways,’ Jodi Picoult delivers another powerful story about heart-wrenching moral choices 2020-09-22T04:00:00Z However, even if it did disappear, there are a few animals the males don’t even have detectable Y chromosomes, but they’re still male. The future of sex 2012-09-19T19:20:00Z Oren Moverman, who directed him in “The Messenger” and “Rampart,” described Mr. Foster as “someone who goes so deep into the research that it’s almost like his chromosomes change.” Ben Foster Brings His Beast Mode to ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ 2016-04-29T04:00:00Z The answer, the biology professor said, is found in the head-to-head fusion of two chromosomes, unique to human lineage and evidence that our predecessors had two pairs of 24 chromosomes. Make them talk about evolution: Why won’t a single Republican presidential candidate admit that Darwin’s right 2016-02-02T05:00:00Z In this adaptation of the comic book series, the apocalypse has wiped out all mammals with a Y chromosome — except for one man and his pet monkey. Fall TV season serves up what viewers want: sci-fi, fantasy 2021-09-02T04:00:00Z By happy coincidence, Paris was also home to the Pasteur Institute, and one of the main labs trying to solve the riddle of one of the most fundamental manifestations of epigenetics – X chromosome inactivation. Edith Heard: 'We can't undo what our parents have given us in terms of our genes' 2013-06-22T23:05:02Z Oh, did I forget to mention that the viral apocalypse in question only killed humans with Y chromosomes? ‘Creamerie’ Review: Where the Boys Aren’t 2023-07-18T04:00:00Z He was trying to optimize a design, when he came across a useful software tool: “You set up an artificial chromosome with each digital ‘gene’ determining a parameter for some widget you want to design. Former Christian fundamentalist: Science robbed me of my faith 2013-09-09T00:00:00Z Specifically, she wanted to find out what causes one X chromosome to be switched off and one to stay on, even though they share the same cell nucleus. Edith Heard: 'We can't undo what our parents have given us in terms of our genes' 2013-06-22T23:05:02Z In the world outside sitcoms and Old Spice commercials, the bearers of Y chromosomes worry about a lot of things — money, health, marriages, raising our kids. High Manxiety 2011-05-26T07:10:00Z “Apparently,” he explains, “you can have all the anatomy of a man and still have a female chromosome mixture. You think, ‘I’ve spent 21 years being a man.’ The male infertility crisis: ‘My failure at fatherhood ate away at my very being’ 2018-08-12T04:00:00Z Mr. Cumming and his brother swabbed their saliva for a DNA test to find out if they share a Y chromosome. For Alan Cumming, Life Isn’t Always a Cabaret 2014-10-03T04:00:00Z Children with the syndrome are born missing two genes on the long arm of chromosome eight, resulting in unusual craniofacial features and a host of bone, growth and learning problems. Motherlode: A Perfect Baby 2011-05-03T20:09:06Z My ex is the source of the Y chromosome that made our son. Our Kinder, Gentler, Nobody-Moves-Out Divorce 2022-01-14T05:00:00Z On the cover of the advance proof it was "XX", like chromosomes. The XX Factor: How Working Women Are Creating a New Society by Alison Wolf – review 2013-04-26T08:30:01Z Yet when her mother was pregnant with her, the doctors told her to expect a son, because the amnio test showed the presence of XY chromosomes. "Intersex is a beautiful thing": Despite having surgery forced upon her, this activist found healing 2023-09-26T04:00:00Z Mr. Unger, a restaurateur in New York, knows that his waiting room companions are probably so consumed by their own cosmetic injustices that they barely notice the XY chromosomes in their midst. When a Man Needs a Safe Place 2017-12-18T05:00:00Z "It's on the Y chromosome, I think," Wolff said, laughing, explaining that male rail fans outnumber female ones. When that lonesome whistle blows, rail fans know where to line up 2011-03-23T20:53:00Z Then, imagine that the virus only affects people with Y chromosomes, i.e. mostly men. After a dystopian "mandemic," the wacky "Creamerie" pokes at the remaining "inequities among women" 2023-07-29T04:00:00Z The things fathers pass on to their sons extend far beyond the dominion of the Y chromosome. What My Father Gave Me 2018-06-16T04:00:00Z Newman’s book, scheduled for June, imagines a post-male society in which people with the Y chromosome have disappeared. Judges pull award nomination for book by Lauren Hough 2022-03-23T04:00:00Z There’s only about two regions on a Y chromosome that are essential for being male, and what happens in these animals is that these bits of the Y chromosome have jumped onto another chromosome. The future of sex 2012-09-19T19:20:00Z “Reproduction” takes its structure from the organizing principles of cells and chromosomes: As characters reproduce, perspectives multiply and propagate, too, producing symmetries across generations and families. An Unlikely Romance Blooms in a Hospital Room, Then Metastisizes 2020-04-21T04:00:00Z These little caps on the ends of your chromosomes are key for protecting DNA from damage—many experts compare them to the plastic tips on the end of shoelaces. 4 Foods That May Shorten Your Life 2014-11-01T04:00:00Z But we've created a show where those with, well now we know not everyone, but those with Y chromosomes were wiped out. After a dystopian "mandemic," the wacky "Creamerie" pokes at the remaining "inequities among women" 2023-07-29T04:00:00Z Then, two and a half months into my first child’s life, a doctor suggested we get her chromosomes studied. Waiting to love my child 2013-05-07T23:45:00Z Imar Hutchins’s portraits of figures from African American history contain multitudes, but in this case that phrase refers to experiences as much as chromosomes. Review | In the galleries: For ‘Inheritance,’ a wealth of compelling large-scale portraits 2019-09-26T04:00:00Z There's a lot of things in an XX and XY already with the chromosomes, already mixed. "If they shout at me, I'll shout back": Eddie Izzard talks comedy, transphobia and taking a stand 2023-08-24T04:00:00Z A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins University genetically engineered an entirely synthetic yeast chromosome. Scientific breakthrough holds promise for biofuels and beer! 2014-03-28T15:00:00Z Is it power or fame, or some bad chromosomes? How to cope with a Trump presidency? Poetry and punchlines. 2016-11-29T05:00:00Z To display the letters that make up all 23 pairs of chromosomes in the human genome would require a staggering 2,226 banners. Genetics: The number crunchers who are saving lives 2010-05-29T23:05:00Z There’s almost always a Y chromosome at the center. 'Diary of a Teenage Girl' aims for a coming-of-age rarity 2015-03-19T04:00:00Z Why did the chromosome blush when the DNA polymerase* came into the room? Style Invitational Week 1168: Asterisky business — give us nerdy humor 2016-03-24T04:00:00Z The collection's name is a nod to Stuart turning 21 this year and the extra copy of chromosome 21 that is characteristic of Down syndrome. Model with Down syndrome launches design label at NY Fashion Week 2017-02-12T05:00:00Z Explaining how the chromosome damage that the drug was hysterically asserted to cause might actually lead to favorable mutations, she muses that “five years from now, I’ll probably be a wife and mother.” Did They Wear Flowers in Their Hair? See the Happy Hippies in 1967 2017-08-10T04:00:00Z The Vertigo title was first launched in 2002 and revolves around Yorick Brown — the last surviving human with a Y chromosome — and his Capuchin monkey, Ampersand. 'Y: The Last Man' Could Be Coming to TV 2015-10-14T04:00:00Z If the Internet headlines were to be believed — "I took 9 different DNA tests and here's what I found" — some folks were leaving no chromosome unturned. 23 and Not Me: As an adoptee, I'm not even remotely tempted to take a DNA test 2021-12-08T05:00:00Z “Sex is impossible to confirm without a test like an amniocentesis that looks at chromosomes.” Michigan Woman Expecting Baby Girl Gives Birth to Boy Instead 2015-03-20T04:00:00Z Despite spending 62 years as a man, I have never quite worked out what the possession of my defining Y chromosome implies. The search for my inner ‘hero’: a modern masculinity retreat 2018-12-15T05:00:00Z It is not only “art” because Yvette made it art, but history because her mother’s chromosomes are part of hers—the artist as survivor of family and chronicler of family. Summer Encounters 2015-08-26T04:00:00Z For me, what that meant is I have XY chromosomes, which many people associate with being a boy. "Intersex is a beautiful thing": Despite having surgery forced upon her, this activist found healing 2023-09-26T04:00:00Z My sister and I joked about dirty pipettes but in fact my egg had divided abnormally and carried an extra set of chromosomes. IVF: 'I had the dread feeling that I was part of some greater experiment' 2016-05-06T04:00:00Z And in "Like A Girl," she raps: "Only exes I care about are in my f**king chromosomes." "Feminist AF" author on hip-hop & feminism today: "We're not playing nice anymore" 2021-11-01T04:00:00Z Down Syndrome International has not made the same chromosome connection, however. World Down Syndrome Day: How 'eye-catching' socks became a tradition 2022-03-21T04:00:00Z Astore then used a method known as chromosome painting, which is a tool for visualizing where each segment of the genome comes from. Genetics study shines light on health disparities for IBD 2023-11-16T05:00:00Z Alongside this paper, another 9 publications are also released today from other teams describing their synthetic chromosomes. Scientists take major step towards completing the world's first synthetic yeast 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Next, the researchers will work together to bring all the individual synthetic chromosomes together into a fully synthetic genome. Scientists one step closer to re-writing world's first synthetic yeast genome, unravelling the fundamental building blocks of life 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The team has now synthesized and debugged all sixteen yeast chromosomes. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Bacteriophage P4 is a temperate virus, meaning it can integrate into the chromosome of its host cell and lie dormant. Vampire viruses prey on other viruses to replicate themselves 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z The yeast species the researchers used, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, carries 16 chromosomes and is a much bigger challenge than bacteria, which typically have a single chromosome and a fraction as much DNA. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The project to build the chromosome has taken 10 years and the DNA sequence constructed consists of around 660,000 base pairs -- which are the 'letters' making up the DNA code. Scientists take major step towards completing the world's first synthetic yeast 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Scientists have engineered a chromosome entirely from scratch that will contribute to the production of the world's first synthetic yeast. Scientists one step closer to re-writing world's first synthetic yeast genome, unravelling the fundamental building blocks of life 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Though bacterial and viral genomes have been synthesized previously, this would be the first synthetic eukaryote genome, which introduces the complication of multiple chromosomes. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "It wipes out the bacteria -- sterilizes the culture with a single dose of light. And then when you look at what occurs with electron microscopy, you see the collapse of the chromosome." New antibiotic approach proves promising against lyme bacterium 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z And to make the new yeast genome easier to manipulate in future experiments, the team included several hundred short DNA sequences that can prompt sections of chromosomes to rearrange. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The synthetic chromosome has replaced one of the natural chromosomes of a yeast cell and, after a painstaking debugging process, now allows the cell to grow with the same fitness level as a natural cell. Scientists take major step towards completing the world's first synthetic yeast 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The international team has already combined six and a half synthetic chromosomes in a functional cell. Scientists one step closer to re-writing world's first synthetic yeast genome, unravelling the fundamental building blocks of life 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z To do this, Boeke's team started by using a method reminiscent of Mendel's peas: essentially, the researchers interbred different partially synthetic yeast strains and then searched amongst their progeny for individuals carrying both synthetic chromosomes. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "We've known for a while now that cat chromosomes across species are very similar to each other," Murphy said. New secrets about cat evolution revealed 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z They found that yeast cells could survive and grow—albeit more slowly than unmodified cells—with this newfangled chromosome, they report in Cell. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Normally, a cell's chromosomes are duplicated before the two identical sets migrate to opposite ends of the cell mitosis in a process called chromosomal segregation. Common chemotherapy drugs don't work like doctors thought, with big implications for drug discovery 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z Reproductive capacities in birds and mammals largely involve inheritance of different combinations of sex chromosomes, whereas in many reptiles, sex is determined based on environmental cues such as temperature. To Understand Sex, We Need to Ask the Right Questions 2023-10-24T04:00:00Z To more efficiently transfer specific chromosomes between yeast strains, the researchers developed a new method called chromosome substitution that is discussed in another paper in the new collection. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "For example, the chromosomes of lions and domestic cats hardly differ at all. There appear to be far fewer duplications, rearrangements, and other types of variation than what are commonly found in great apes." New secrets about cat evolution revealed 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z Separate teams assembled each synthetic chromosome in a different strain of yeast. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z These poles then attract the two complete sets of chromosomes in more than two directions, scrambling the genome. Common chemotherapy drugs don't work like doctors thought, with big implications for drug discovery 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z Like a bridge, the complex holds chromosome pairs in place enabling necessary genetic exchanges to occur that are essential for the chromosomes to then correctly separate into sperm and eggs. Why do some men not produce sperm? 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z When the synthetic chromosomes were consolidated into a single yeast strain, the team detected several genetic defects or "bugs" that were invisible in yeast strains that only carried one synthetic chromosome. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "Primate genome researchers have been able to link these segmental duplications to chromosome rearrangements," he said. New secrets about cat evolution revealed 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z “We show all chromosomes can be successfully constructed under the same design principles from scratch,” says biologist Yue Shen of BGI Research, who heads one team. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z One set of chromosomes is sorted into each of two new cells. Common chemotherapy drugs don't work like doctors thought, with big implications for drug discovery 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z "To understand how chromosomes separate into reproductive cells correctly, we are really interested in what happens right before that when the synaptonemal complex forms between them." Why do some men not produce sperm? 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z Some of these bugs were simply due to the additive impact of having many tiny defects within the genome, while others involved genetic interactions between genes on the different synthetic chromosomes. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The more segmental duplications you have in your DNA, the more likely the chromosomes are to rearrange, etc. New secrets about cat evolution revealed 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z But the researchers needed to incorporate the chromosomes into the same yeast cell and determine whether it was healthy. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z This migration occurs because the chromosomes are attached to a cellular machine known as the mitotic spindle. Common chemotherapy drugs don't work like doctors thought, with big implications for drug discovery 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z Since we know Julia has had plenty of experience, Winston’s flaccid personality seems less a commentary on people with Y chromosomes than a knock on one specific erstwhile hero. A feminist take on Orwell's '1984' reads like the original — only better 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z The next step will be to integrate the remaining synthetic chromosomes. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "It turns out that there's a large region on the center of the X chromosome where most of the genetic rearrangements are happening," Murphy said. New secrets about cat evolution revealed 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z In other papers published this week, scientists with the project used cells with the remade chromosomes to test the effects of specific structural changes. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "So, after mitosis you have daughter cells that are no longer genetically identical and have lost chromosomes," Weaver says. Common chemotherapy drugs don't work like doctors thought, with big implications for drug discovery 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z Trans activists believed Newman negated the lives of people with Y chromosomes. A feminist take on Orwell's '1984' reads like the original — only better 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z Since the yeast genome is organized into sixteen chromosomes, the researchers began by assembling each chromosome independently to create sixteen partially synthetic yeast strains that each contained 15 natural chromosomes and one synthetic chromosome. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Scientists from the University of Vienna together with an international research team have now been able to close this gap and, in a study, determined impressive figures: 2.8 billion base pairs -- organized in 30 chromosomes. New insights into the genetics of the common octopus: Genome at the chromosome level decoded 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z Researchers revealed this week in 10 new papers that they have created designer versions of all yeast chromosomes and incorporated almost half of them into cells that can survive and reproduce. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The markers in question are telomeres, which are sections of repetitive DNA found at each end of a chromosome that serve to protect the ends of the chromosomes from damage. Greener neighborhoods can protect us -- at the cellular level 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z Following a one-time radiation treatment, the team could observe breaks in the cells' chromosomes with activation of associated DNA repair machinery, whose numbers increased with the amount of radiation applied to the Lung Alveolus Chip. Human Lung Chip leveraged to faithfully model radiation-induced lung injury 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z The next challenge was to begin combining these synthetic chromosomes into a single yeast cell. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z An important contribution to this aim is encoding the common octopus' genome at chromosome level -- an information that has not been available until now. New insights into the genetics of the common octopus: Genome at the chromosome level decoded 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z In most cases, the researchers left genes on their original chromosomes. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Patterns of variation in the Y chromosome, which is paternally inherited, and in mitochondrial DNA, which is maternally inherited, can reveal differences in how males and females dispersed after reaching maturity. The Theory That Men Evolved to Hunt and Women Evolved to Gather Is Wrong 2023-10-17T04:00:00Z So when the 72nd edition of the pageant occurs on Nov. 18 in El Salvador, it will have two gowned contestants with Y chromosomes. Ocasio-Cortez and other America-hating congresswomen side with Hamas 2023-10-15T04:00:00Z Though effective, this method is very slow, but the team gradually consolidated all previously synthesized chromosomes -- six full chromosomes and one chromosome arm -- into a single cell. Yeast with an over half synthetic genome is created in the lab 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z The chromosomal structure of the Octopus vulgaris genome will also provide insight into the dynamic evolutionary history of these organisms by estimating chromosome rearrangement rates. New insights into the genetics of the common octopus: Genome at the chromosome level decoded 2023-10-18T04:00:00Z But a team led by synthetic biologist Yizhi “Patrick” Cai of the University of Manchester, international director of the project, created a new, 17th chromosome to house yeast’s 275 tRNA genes. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z “This is when I started to think to myself, we need a day to honor real women. You know, women with XX chromosomes,” Ms. Gaines said. Riley Gaines launches Real Women’s Day to laud biological females versus ‘honoring men’ 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z This can be problematic, as males have only half the number of X chromosome genes as females, and hence would have only half the amount of proteins from the X chromosome. How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z In the case of sexual fertilisation, the simple chromosome sets from the egg and sperm cells come together to create a double -- diploid -- chromosome set. Proteins roll the dice to determine bee sex 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Some of the plasmids that end up in the exclusome originate from outside the cell, while others -- known as telomeric rings -- come from the capped ends of chromosomes, the telomeres. A hygiene program for chromosomes 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z By isolating these disruptive genes on one chromosome, the researchers hoped to tame them. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Ya know, the kind that can give birth and breastfeed and menstruate and lack a Y chromosome. Riley Gaines launches Real Women’s Day to laud biological females versus ‘honoring men’ 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z To compensate for this, there must be a way to increase the expression of X chromosome genes in males. How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z By contrast, if the alleles of the gene are the same on both chromosomes, a male bee develops. Proteins roll the dice to determine bee sex 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z Ring-shaped DNA from outside and self-made plasmids with the sequence from chromosome ends appear to lack the required characteristic. A hygiene program for chromosomes 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z And repositioning chromosomes within the nucleus showed that confining them near its boundary led to gene silencing, he and his co-workers revealed in Molecular Cell. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z Human cells typically receive 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Researchers studied thousands of fertility attempts hoping to improve IVF 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z They found that SOA works by binding to X chromosome genes and increasing their expression, but only in males. How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Accordingly, these male bees only have a simple chromosome set with identical Csd proteins. Proteins roll the dice to determine bee sex 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z A modified gene is added to only one chromosome. The Gamble: Can Genetically Modified Mosquitoes End Disease? 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z The team is now working to integrate the remaining chromosomes into a yeast cell and correct any genomic problems that arise. Synthetic yeast project unveils cells with 50% artificial DNA 2023-11-08T05:00:00Z "It doesn't really matter if you have extra missing chromosomes in the very beginning because the maternal machinery is controlling things," McCoy said. Researchers studied thousands of fertility attempts hoping to improve IVF 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z The groups' findings, which were published in the journal Nature, mark a major step forward in our understanding of how gene expression is balanced on the sex chromosomes. How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z In humans, for example, the presence of the sex-determining "Y chromosome" decides whether a man will be born. Proteins roll the dice to determine bee sex 2023-10-04T04:00:00Z A modified gene is added to only one chromosome. The Gamble: Can Genetically Modified Mosquitoes End Disease? 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z The first step in confirming the possibility that Dogxim was a hybrid was to determine the number of chromosomes in Dogxim’s cells. Meet ‘Dogxim,’ the world’s first known dog-fox hybrid—and a genetic oddity 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Human embryos experience unusually high rates of chromosome gain and loss, known as aneuploidy, in early development. Researchers studied thousands of fertility attempts hoping to improve IVF 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z Keller Valsecci added: "This is an important clue as to how the mechanisms that balance gene expression on sex chromosomes may have evolved in the first place." How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z For many years, the human Y chromosome was terra incognita. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z "The inside components can also stay dissolved in water despite being extremely large molecules like chromosomes and proteins," he says. Did life exist on Mars? Other planets? With AI's help, we may know soon 2023-09-25T04:00:00Z She had 76 in total, a clue scientists could use to determine her species because a single species will generally have a fixed number of chromosomes. Meet ‘Dogxim,’ the world’s first known dog-fox hybrid—and a genetic oddity 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The team discovered nonviable embryos started with the 46-chromosome set, but then passed down incorrect numbers of chromosomes as cells divided. Researchers studied thousands of fertility attempts hoping to improve IVF 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z Basilicata, a joint senior author, emphasized: "Understanding the molecular principles acting on sex chromosomes will help us to understand differences between males and females in various human pathologies." How male mosquitoes compensate for having only one X chromosome 2023-10-06T04:00:00Z Scientists completed the genetic sequences of other chromosomes, the threadlike structures that hold an organism’s DNA. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The next year, they found a set of DNA variants along a single chromosome inherited from Neanderthals had the opposite effect: protecting people from severe COVID. We carry DNA from extinct cousins like Neanderthals. Science is now revealing their genetic legacy 2023-09-24T04:00:00Z Scientists then reasoned that since a domestic dog has 39 chromosomes, and a Pampas fox has 37, the resulting 76 chromosomes found in Dogxim could indicate “the first evidence of the hybridization,” Kretschmer says. Meet ‘Dogxim,’ the world’s first known dog-fox hybrid—and a genetic oddity 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z This alters the profile of metabolites in the cells, boosting the levels of molecules that inhibit an epigenetic enzyme known as KDM5 and so changing the deposition of a key epigenetic "mark" on their chromosomes. Disrupting a core metabolic process in T cells may improve their therapeutic efficacy 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z With the help of genetic mapping, two adjacent gene loci in chromosome 5 were associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. Same genes behind heart muscle disorders in humans and Dobermanns 2023-09-22T04:00:00Z But more than 50 percent of the Y chromosome remained unknown because of the challenges posed by its highly repetitive DNA. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Researchers have accomplished what was once considered an impossible task: fully sequencing not just one Y chromosome, but dozens of them from men from around the world. RSV vaccine, scientific advisory panels, and a biodiversity hot spot at risk 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Next, geneticists examined Dogxim’s mitochondrial DNA—the chromosomes inherited exclusively from its mother—and determined they came from a Pampas fox. Meet ‘Dogxim,’ the world’s first known dog-fox hybrid—and a genetic oddity 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z As a result, the chromosomes open up in a way that gives the cells' gene expression machinery access to genes that define memory T cells, triggering their transformation. Disrupting a core metabolic process in T cells may improve their therapeutic efficacy 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Most plant and animal cells are diploid—their genomes consist of two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Then, in August, the Y chromosome became the last human chromosome to be completely sequenced. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Separately in Nature, a second team reports sequencing 43 more Y chromosomes collected from 21 populations. RSV vaccine, scientific advisory panels, and a biodiversity hot spot at risk 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Fully sequencing the Y chromosome was once considered an impossible task. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z But until now, the Y chromosome part of the human genome had contained big gaps. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Polyploid cells, which have one or more additional sets of chromosomes, were once thought to be harmful anomalies, notorious for helping drive cancer growth. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z The Y chromosome’s completion caps a history of ideology and superstition about genetics and human behavior that is illustrative of how people can use genetics to dehumanize those viewed as “disabled.” The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z In a paper published last week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that female zebra longwings can see colors that males cannot, thanks to a gene on their sex chromosome. The Genes That Let Female Butterflies See a More Colorful World 2023-08-18T04:00:00Z The chromosome that makes biological males is chock-full of repetitive and inverted stretches of DNA, making it challenging to put stretches of deciphered DNA back together in the right order. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z "The Y chromosome is the smallest and the fastest-evolving chromosome in the human genome, and also the most repetitive, meaning that its DNA contains stretches of DNA repeated many times over," Cechova added. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z About 30% of plants are fully polyploid, meaning all their cells have double or more the number of chromosomes found in their ancestors. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z The Y chromosome is mainly known for its role in sexual development. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z As men get older, they become more vulnerable to another type of mosaicism in which the Y chromosome vanishes from some of their cells. Your cells don’t have the genome you were born with. Project aims to chart impact of new mutations 2023-08-15T04:00:00Z Now, using state-of-the-art techniques, researchers report today in a pair of papers in Nature that they have succeeded in sequencing not just one Y chromosome, but dozens from men from around the world. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z The first complete human genome - albeit with the Y chromosome partial - was published last year. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Sometimes these joined genomes duplicated yet again—wheat has six sets of chromosomes; strawberries have eight. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Since the Y chromosome’s discovery in 1905, society has fixated on its significance far more intensely than that of any other chromosome, and has largely done so while operating in an absence of scientific knowledge. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Some had three sets of chromosomes, whereas eggs laid by mothers reproducing through parthenogenesis usually have only two. ‘Virgin Birth’ Engineered into Female Animals for First Time 2023-08-01T04:00:00Z Scientists believe the Y and X chromosomes were once identical. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Fully sequencing the Y chromosome adds to this. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z “Because you have more chromosomes, you have more knobs to turn to fine-tune the dosage of genes relative to each other,” Fox explains. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Early studies of the Y chromosome were tinged with eugenics. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z And in the 1960’s while working at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, she pioneered a method of analyzing chromosomes using an electron microscope and a computer the size of a large room. This Lost Woman of the Manhattan Project Saw the Deadly Effects of Nuclear Radiation Up Close 2023-07-27T04:00:00Z Some researchers have argued that this degeneration could gradually continue, possibly leading to the loss of the Y chromosome altogether, as has happened in some lineages of animals. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z It is the last of the 24 chromosomes - threadlike structures that carry genetic information from cell to cell - in the human genome to be sequenced. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Giant cells filled with extra chromosomes may deserve credit for a pleasurable springtime sight: green buds unfurling to reveal brilliant blossoms. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z From the 1930s through the 1990s, poorly founded studies reported that the Y chromosome was tied to intellectual disabilities. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z "It contains a protein with links to either the X or Y chromosome, which means it can be used to determine sex. This is useful because this protein survives well compared to DNA." Isles of Scilly Iron Age warrior was probably a woman 2023-07-27T04:00:00Z Despite its small size, the Y chromosome was hard to sequence. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z People have a pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z During development cells in the larger, rear part of the heart become more polyploid—with more sets of chromosomes—and bigger than those in the front part. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z When coupled with sexist beliefs that men are inherently aggressive, this led to routes of inquiry that tied aggression and violence to the Y chromosome. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The estimate includes people with extra or missing sex-linked chromosomes, and those born with other physical variations that don’t fit into categories of “male” or “female.” How many transgender and intersex people live in the US? Anti-LGBTQ+ laws will impact millions 2023-07-26T04:00:00Z Moreover, its repetitive regions made it “the most troublesome chromosome in our genome,” says Agnar Helgason, a biological anthropologist at deCODE Genetics who was not involved with the new work. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Males possess one Y and one X chromosome while females have two X chromosomes, with some exceptions. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Most important, if they inhibited the creation of polyploid cells by tinkering with genes needed for chromosome doubling or cell fusion, wounds failed to heal. Cells with extra genomes may help tissues respond to injuries—and species survive cataclysms 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z These conceptions were not only applied to people with additional Y chromosomes. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Williams was born with Emanuel syndrome, a rare chromosome disorder which left her unable to speak or walk but still able to make sounds. New Jersey school bus monitor charged after using cellphone as disabled girl suffocated 2023-07-21T04:00:00Z By structuring itself in this way, the chromosome manages to keep its few genes in good order. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z The Y chromosome's genes help govern crucial reproductive functions including sperm production, formally called spermatogenesis, and are even involved in cancer risk and severity. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Metabolites of benzene accumulate in bone marrow and change genes and chromosomes, she said. Gas Stoves Emit More of the Carcinogen Benzene Than Expected 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z Y chromosomes naturally vary in size among different individuals, and some researchers attempted to develop metrics based on the misguided assumption that a significantly physically larger Y chromosome was correlated to criminality and “antisocial behavior.” The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z "The methyl isocyanate gas affected respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, ophthalmic, endocrine and reproductive systems, and it damaged human chromosomes." Pesticides in the womb: New research shows how the Bhopal gas disaster is still destroying lives 2023-06-17T04:00:00Z Now, the team has analyzed and detailed the complex arrangement of 62 million bases from the Y chromosome, adding 30 million that were previously missing after earlier partial sequencing attempts. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z But this chromosome had proven difficult to crack owing to its exceptionally complex structure. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z In this process, cellular sacs called polar bodies are created as byproducts that contain chromosomes and can fertilize the egg. Why a crocodile’s ‘virgin birth’ isn’t a miracle 2023-06-10T04:00:00Z In a 1968 Psychology Today article, celebrated anthropologist Ashley Montagu incorrectly, but forcibly, argued that “it appears probable that the ordinary aggressiveness of a normal XY male is derived from his Y chromosome.” The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z "We cannot confirm the reasons in this paper, but there is evidence the methyl isocyanate gas affected respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal, ophthalmic, endocrine and reproductive systems, and it damaged human chromosomes," McCord explained. Pesticides in the womb: New research shows how the Bhopal gas disaster is still destroying lives 2023-06-17T04:00:00Z “I was surprised to see the extent of copy number variation for certain genes on the Y chromosome,” Lee says. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z The new fuller understanding of the Y chromosome's genes offers promise for practical applications including in fertility-related research, according to the researchers. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z It looks to measure gene structures called telomeres that protect human chromosomes, but which shorten with age and wear. Launch sends space-plant babies, ‘blue jet’ lightning research to space station 2023-06-05T04:00:00Z Others later added to the more scientifically robust studies that found no correlation between criminality and the Y chromosome. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z In the 1940s, however, embryologist Gerhard Fankhauser tested this idea by using cells with extra chromosomes that made them grow larger than their usual size. Synthetic Morphology Lets Scientists Create New Life-Forms 2023-05-31T04:00:00Z For example, one man’s Y chromosome had 23 copies of a gene called TSPY, which is thought to be involved in the formation of sperm, whereas another had 39 copies. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z In addition to identifying some additional Y chromosome genes, the researchers found that some DNA from the chromosome had been mistaken in previous studies as bacterial in nature. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z This helps to ensure that the embryos are healthy and have the right number of chromosomes, which can help reduce the risk of genetic disorders or miscarriages. The injustice of infertility in a post-Roe world 2023-05-31T04:00:00Z Unscientific studies on the Y chromosome continued, however, and in the public eye, much damage was done. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The bill defines female as having XX chromosomes, and a reproductive and endocrine system that produces or would produce ova, or eggs. Montana governor signs law to define ‘sex’ as only male or female 2023-05-22T04:00:00Z The study also found variation in the size and makeup of the massive repetitive region of this chromosome. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z "We now have a recipe on how to assemble the Y chromosome fully, which, while expensive at the moment, can translate into personalized genomics in the future," Cechova said. Scientists solve the genetic puzzle of sex-related Y chromosome 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z Aaron was found to have a rare mutated chromosome "which in itself is deadly" said Nicola. Ryan Reynolds: Actor's tribute to seven year old cancer victim 2023-05-20T04:00:00Z More recently, the news overflowed with studies on the loss of the Y chromosome, both as something that occurs within individuals as they age and as an evolutionary phenomenon. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Male is defined as having XY chromosomes and a biological system that produces or would produce sperm. Montana governor signs law to define ‘sex’ as only male or female 2023-05-22T04:00:00Z That level of organization and conservation of DNA suggests the Y chromosome isn’t degenerating into obsolescence, Jobling says. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z These complex, repetitive sequences of DNA that cap the ends of chromosomes tick away the years by shortening each time a cell divides, eventually causing the cell to die. Scientists prevent signs of aging in zebrafish by targeting the gut 2023-05-18T04:00:00Z When the n + 1 gamete fuses with a normal gamete, the resulting zygote has 2n + 1 chromosomes. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Some conversations around the Y chromosome’s disappearance invoked words such as “degenerate”—a term with eugenic connotations. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Each species of eukaryote has a characteristic number of chromosomes in the nuclei of its cells. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This “paper confirms that gene content of the Y chromosome is essentially conserved,” he says. ‘Most troublesome chromosome’ gets new respect after full sequence 2023-08-23T04:00:00Z To form embryos with a full complement of chromosomes, eggs and sperm need to come together. ‘Game changer.’ Scientists are genetically engineering crops to clone themselves 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Alloploidy results from viable matings between two species with different numbers of chromosomes. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Others demonstrated how public discourse still treats the Y chromosome as an arbiter of masculinity. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z A somatic cell contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a configuration known as diploid. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Instead of comparing individual genes, they looked at large-scale patterns of gene arrangements on chromosomes. Comb jelly ancestor may have been first animal to branch from tree of life 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Many naturally apomictic plants instead create gametes through mitosis, with no change in the chromosome count. ‘Game changer.’ Scientists are genetically engineering crops to clone themselves 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z In the example shown, species one has three pairs of chromosomes, and species two has two pairs of chromosomes. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In anticipation of the Y chromosome’s evolutionary disappearance—a prediction that relies on considerable speculation, without much scientific backing—discussions of “What will happen to men?” abound. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The letter n is used to represent a single set of chromosomes; therefore a diploid organism is designated 2n. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z As animals evolve, bits and pieces of DNA get swapped around, but genes often stay on the same chromosome—a trend known as synteny. Comb jelly ancestor may have been first animal to branch from tree of life 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z A study published on May 17 in Nature resolves the relationships of these early animals by looking at the chromosomes of sponges, comb jellies, jellyfish and three close single-celled relatives of animals. The Closest Living Relative of the First Animal Has Finally Been Found 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z The circular chromosome is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The complete Y chromosome sequence emerges against this backdrop. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Human cells that contain one set of 23 chromosomes are called gametes, or sex cells; these eggs and sperm are designated n, or haploid. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But occasionally chromosomes fuse and mix, allowing genes to move irreversibly to a new chromosome. Comb jelly ancestor may have been first animal to branch from tree of life 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z This technique is based on a simple idea: over evolutionary time, the order of genes on a chromosome gets shuffled via mutations—for instance, via inversions that flip the order of genes within a chromosome. The Closest Living Relative of the First Animal Has Finally Been Found 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Rather the chromosome is replicated and the two resulting copies separate from one another due to the growth of the cell. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Instead the complete Y chromosome sequence offers many new scientific and clinical insights. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Figure 6.2 There are 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a female human somatic cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In comb jellies and the unicellular relatives, they identified 14 groups of genes on separate chromosomes. Comb jelly ancestor may have been first animal to branch from tree of life 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Although their order may change, the genes on a chromosome form a kind of linkage group: they don’t usually shuffle with genes on other chromosomes. The Closest Living Relative of the First Animal Has Finally Been Found 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Aneuploidy results when the gametes have too many or too few chromosomes due to nondisjunction during meiosis. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Thus, we will be able to better understand how the Y chromosome contributes to areas of human health such as fertility and cancer. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z The matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism are called homologous chromosomes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z All other animals, including sponges, evolved later, after those chromosomes fused. Comb jelly ancestor may have been first animal to branch from tree of life 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z But on rare occasions, chromosomes can break and fuse, leading those linkage groups to mix. The Closest Living Relative of the First Animal Has Finally Been Found 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z If this polyploid gamete fuses with a normal gamete from species one, with three chromosomes, the resulting offspring will have ten viable chromosomes. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The Y chromosome’s sequence may be complete, but in reversing a long history of misinformation, we’re only just getting started. The Complete Human Y Chromosome Marks an Opportunity to Move Away from Stigma 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z Each copy of the homologous pair of chromosomes originates from a different parent; therefore, the copies of each of the genes themselves may not be identical. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z On rare occasion, a huge chunk of DNA will get accidentally moved from one chromosome to another. Bizarre Sea Creatures Illuminate the Dawn of the Animal Kingdom 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z The key insight is that chromosome fusion and mixing is as irreversible as the mixing of milk in a cup of tea. The Closest Living Relative of the First Animal Has Finally Been Found 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z Another approach to the molecular understanding of human evolution is to examine the Y chromosome, which is passed from father to son. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Sequencing DNA that volunteers left in their footprints in the sand even yielded part of their sex chromosomes. The DNA You Shed Could Identify You 2023-05-15T04:00:00Z Mitosis is nuclear division during which duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z His team tracked the movements of genetic material in the chromosomes of nine animals, along with three single-celled relatives of animals. Bizarre Sea Creatures Illuminate the Dawn of the Animal Kingdom 2023-05-17T04:00:00Z They found the turtle virus and turtle DNA, but they also found long stretches of human DNA, intact enough that sequencing programs could easily recognize X and Y chromosomes. Privacy concerns sparked by human DNA accidentally collected in studies of other species 2023-05-15T04:00:00Z This evidence suggests that all men today inherited a Y chromosome from a male that lived in Africa about 140,000 years ago. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The clocks come in the form of caps on the end of chromosomes — the long twisted strings of DNA carrying the cells’ genes. Link Between Long Telomeres and Long Life Is a Tall Tale, Study Finds 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z DNA and the associated proteins, as well as accumulating enough energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the nucleus. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The first quirk in the strawberry genome is something scientists call polyploidy, meaning multiple sets of chromosomes in its cells. Strawberries Have 8 Sets of Chromosomes to Thank for Their Survival 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z She wears a Barbie-pink necklace with a pendant of “the Lucky Few” symbol — three upward chevrons representing three copies of the 21st chromosome. She didn’t have a Barbie with Down syndrome growing up. So she made one. 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z It has developed DNA repair mechanisms that allow it to reconstruct its chromosome even if it has been broken into hundreds of pieces by radiation or heat. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The caps on chromosomes, called telomeres, are chains of short, repeated segments of DNA. Link Between Long Telomeres and Long Life Is a Tall Tale, Study Finds 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z At this stage, each chromosome is made of two sister chromatids and is a duplicated chromosome. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Humans are diploid, meaning we have two sets of chromosomes; every individual gets one set from a paternal sperm donor and one set from a maternal egg donor. Strawberries Have 8 Sets of Chromosomes to Thank for Their Survival 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z The majority of conserved areas were in other areas of the chromosome that could affect how different genes are turned off or on or how active they become. What Makes a Mammal? 423,000 Newly Identified DNA Regions Guide Our Genes 2023-04-27T04:00:00Z Transposons also have the ability to move resistance genes between plasmids and chromosomes to further promote the spread of resistance. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Sex refers to biological characteristics, such as chromosomes, hormones and reproductive anatomy, which can also vary or change in understanding over time, or be medically and legally altered. North Dakota limits bathroom use for transgender people 2023-04-26T04:00:00Z During prophase, the “first phase,” several events must occur to provide access to the chromosomes in the nucleus. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Strawberry, meanwhile, is an octoploid, meaning it has eight sets of chromosomes. Strawberries Have 8 Sets of Chromosomes to Thank for Their Survival 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z And the three chevrons on the Barbie’s necklace represent how people with Down syndrome have three copies of their 21st chromosome, Mattel said. Mattel introduces first Barbie with Down syndrome 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. Mattel launches first Barbie with Down syndrome to 'counter social stigma' 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z The doll also has a pink pendant necklace with three upward chevrons representing the three copies of the 21st chromosome, the genetic material that causes the characteristics associated with Down's syndrome. Barbie with Down's syndrome on sale after 'real women' criticism 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z During prometaphase, many processes that were begun in prophase continue to advance and culminate in the formation of a connection between the chromosomes and cytoskeleton. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z She wears a pink necklace with three upward chevrons representing the three copies of the 21st chromosome as well as pink ankle foot orthotics, Mattel said. Mattel introduces Barbie doll with Down's syndrome 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z The NHS says Down's syndrome is when you're born with an extra chromosome - and all people with Down's syndrome have some level of learning disability. Aitch: Why Down's syndrome awareness is so important 2023-04-22T04:00:00Z A yellow and blue floral dress features symbolic butterflies and her pink necklace bears a chevron pendant, a reference to the three copies of the 21st chromosome. Mattel launches first Barbie with Down syndrome to 'counter social stigma' 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z “Simply put, we found no Y chromosomes in G’s genome. But we couldn’t be completely sure and we wanted to have the results confirmed.” DNA: Woman was on famed 17th century Swedish warship 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z Each chromatid, now called a chromosome, is pulled rapidly toward the centrosome to which its microtubule was attached. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Having XY chromosomes no longer disqualifies you from being celebrated during Women’s History Month, and it may even give you a boost. Women’s History Month wraps up with bevy of honors for transgender figures 2023-04-02T04:00:00Z By comparison, the Y chromosome, passed from father to son, was chock-full of Asian DNA that the researchers found was common in modern-day Iran. DNA Confirms Oral History of Swahili People 2023-03-29T04:00:00Z The Y chromosomes from the five men matched each other — but they didn’t match the composer’s. What made Beethoven sick? DNA from his hair offers clues 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z The analysis also yielded a surprise: Beethoven’s Y chromosome didn’t match those from living relatives. Beethoven’s DNA decoded from locks of hair saved by his fans 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z During telophase, all of the events that set up the duplicated chromosomes for mitosis during the first three phases are reversed. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Could there be something more protective about having the extra X chromosome? Why do fewer women die of COVID? The answer may lie in the X chromosome's superpower 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z The researchers discarded the Y chromosome and duplicated the X chromosome. Mice with Two Fathers? Researchers Develop Egg Cells from Male Mice 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z The research, still in its early stages, involved turning male XY sex chromosomes into female XX ones. Scientist creates eggs from male mouse cells 2023-03-08T05:00:00Z In both types of ants, one chromosome carries a collection of genes that are all inherited together and can control important traits and functions, known as a supergene. Mutant, Parasitic Impostor Queens Lurk in Ant Colonies 2023-03-03T05:00:00Z Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes lead to mutations that may be passed forward to every new cell produced from the abnormal cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In lab work, Cheng and her colleagues found that both female mice and human females' NK cells have an extra copy of UTX, a gene specifically associated with the X chromosome. Why do fewer women die of COVID? The answer may lie in the X chromosome's superpower 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z During his presentation, Hayashi specifically referenced only Turner syndrome, a rare condition associated with infertility in which someone’s cells contain only one X chromosome, as a potential human use case for the technique. Mice with Two Fathers? Researchers Develop Egg Cells from Male Mice 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z But for the trees they planted in Georgia, they turned to an older and cruder technique known as the gene gun method, which essentially blasts foreign genes into the trees’ chromosomes. For the First Time, Genetically Modified Trees Have Been Planted in a U.S. Forest 2023-02-16T05:00:00Z “The chromosome is so degenerated. It’s a really nasty mutation.” Mutant, Parasitic Impostor Queens Lurk in Ant Colonies 2023-03-03T05:00:00Z In anaphase I, the spindle fibers pull the linked chromosomes apart. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Because the gene that controls the expression of interferon gamma is on the X chromosome, it "escapes X inactivation in females" — meaning "there's more of it in females compared to males." Why do fewer women die of COVID? The answer may lie in the X chromosome's superpower 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z For the first time, researchers have created mice with two biologically male parents by manipulating the chromosomes inside a stem cell. Mice with Two Fathers? Researchers Develop Egg Cells from Male Mice 2023-03-15T04:00:00Z Even their DNA diverged, as nearly 1,000 of Scott Kelly’s genes and chromosomes worked differently. The many, many reasons space travel is bad for the human body When an individual carrying two copies of such a gene mates with another that has none, all the offspring initially have just one copy of the gene on the chromosome inherited from the gene-drive parent. Gene Drives Could Fight Malaria and Other Global Killers but Might Have Unintended Consequences 2023-01-13T05:00:00Z In telophase I, the separated chromosomes arrive at opposite poles. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In those without chromosomal abnormalities, males have XY chromosomes, females have XX. Why do fewer women die of COVID? The answer may lie in the X chromosome's superpower 2023-03-22T04:00:00Z There is also a method called Y-STR that uses the same process but focuses specifically on the Y chromosome, which is found only in males. DNA evidence likely key in Idaho murder case. How does testing, use in court work? 2023-01-11T05:00:00Z In no way, however, does Beer reflexively cheerlead for anyone with two X chromosomes. Review | Female authors have long been slighted. A new book seeks a corrective. 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z But soon after fertilization, the nuclease cuts the DNA sequence on the other chromosome from the parent that did not carry the gene at the precise location of the gene drive. Gene Drives Could Fight Malaria and Other Global Killers but Might Have Unintended Consequences 2023-01-13T05:00:00Z At each pole, there is just one member of each pair of the homologous chromosomes, so only one full set of the chromosomes is present. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Most people have two sex chromosomes, either two X’s or an X and a Y, which give rise to female or male biological attributes on a spectrum. Scientists Created Male and Female Cells from a Single Person 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z Sex and gender are points in a vast "multi-dimensional space" of anatomy, hormones, chromosomes, environment and culture. Health rights for trans people vary widely, proving the need for global health equity 2022-12-06T05:00:00Z These repetitive sequences of DNA are located at the ends of chromosomes, structures that contain genetic information. How cancer cells can become immortal 2022-11-24T05:00:00Z The cell then uses the intact chromosome to reconstruct the gap in the DNA sequence of the other chromosome. Gene Drives Could Fight Malaria and Other Global Killers but Might Have Unintended Consequences 2023-01-13T05:00:00Z However, although the sister chromatids were once duplicates of the same chromosome, they are no longer identical at this stage because of crossovers. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Studies suggest these chromosomes also have much broader effects, contributing to processes that include immune system function, neuronal development, disease susceptibility and reactions to drugs. Scientists Created Male and Female Cells from a Single Person 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z Kristina Cruickshank of Rosenberg, Texas, thought her life was in jeopardy after a diagnosis of a nonviable “partial molar pregnancy,” in which the fetus has too many chromosomes and develops incompletely. Despite dangerous pregnancy complications, abortions denied 2022-11-20T05:00:00Z He also noted that gourds have a lot of diversity in their gene pool: cucumbers only have 7 haploid chromosomes, while watermelons have 11. Gourds, the dogs of the plant world, can be one pound or 1,000. Geneticists think they know why 2022-11-19T05:00:00Z Then there’s tetrachromacy, where a person with two X chromosomes carries instructions for both an altered cone and a regular one, giving them four kinds of cones. Color Is in the Eye, and Brain, of the Beholder 2022-11-01T04:00:00Z In prophase II, if the chromosomes decondensed in telophase I, they condense again. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But scrutinizing the specific role of X and Y chromosomes is challenging. Scientists Created Male and Female Cells from a Single Person 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z The scientists found that chromosomes and plasmids, which carry genetic information, in the microbe’s cells are linked together, which keeps these structures aligned and prevents irradiated cells from breaking down until they can be repaired. Earthly Microbes Might Survive on Mars for Hundreds of Millions of Years 2022-10-27T04:00:00Z Researchers looked at other genetic clues from mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down on the mother’s side, and the Y chromosome, which is passed down on the father’s side. Ancient DNA gives rare snapshot of Neanderthal family ties 2022-10-19T04:00:00Z The researchers found that the Y chromosomes shared by the males were fairly similar. First Known Family of Neanderthals Found in Russian Cave 2022-10-19T04:00:00Z In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes are separated. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This unique set of cells could help researchers tackle long-standing questions about how sex chromosomes affect disease and the role they play in early development. Scientists Created Male and Female Cells from a Single Person 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z In the new study, Sardos and her colleagues expanded on that work, focusing on banana varieties with two sets of chromosomes, as they are likely more closely related to the first domesticated bananas. Researchers have gone bananas over this fruit’s complex ancestry 2022-10-14T04:00:00Z She knew that breast cancers in some women were connected to BRCA1, a gene on the 17th chromosome. Why this UCLA professor is studying female animals to gain insights into women's health 2022-10-14T04:00:00Z Millions of years of these processes could have generated that amino acids that bonded to form proteins, which constitute the plasma membranes of cells, chromosomes and much more. Ocean spray may have created conditions for life to form on Earth, new study suggests 2022-10-07T04:00:00Z In telophase II, the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z “We’ve had cell lines from males and females before, but the fact that they’re coming from same person with just the same sex chromosome difference—it’s a big step.” Scientists Created Male and Female Cells from a Single Person 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z Now 25, Aaron is non-verbal and has a series of complex needs including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and a chromosome disorder which means he uses a wheelchair. The family who prompted a London Marathon change 2022-09-30T04:00:00Z Dr. Lo needed a way to detect the extra copy of chromosome 21 that causes Down syndrome. Lasker Award Honors Development of Noninvasive Prenatal DNA Test 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z This species might be hoarding chromosomes, Li says: “I call this the Marie Kondo hypothesis. The chromosomes spark joy for ferns, but they don't spark joy for seed plants.” Strange Tree Fern Has a Surprisingly Enormous Genome 2022-09-23T04:00:00Z At this point, the nuclei in the newly produced cells are both haploid and have only one copy of the single set of chromosomes. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Ultimately the team generated XX and XY cells that—apart from their sex chromosomes—were genetically identical. Scientists Created Male and Female Cells from a Single Person 2022-12-21T05:00:00Z Instead, it integrates itself into your chromosomes and chills, waiting for the right moment to command the cell to make copies of it and burst out to infect other immune cells and eventually cause AIDS. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z It happens throughout our lives, triggered by things such as DNA damage and the shortening of telomeres, structures that cap and protect the ends of chromosomes. ‘Zombie’ cells may hold clues to improving old age 2022-09-09T04:00:00Z Why some organisms have larger genomes or more chromosomes than others is not entirely clear; plants and animals with lots of genes aren’t necessarily physically or behaviorally more complex. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z The differences in the outcomes of meiosis and mitosis occur because of differences in the behavior of the chromosomes during each process. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When sperm fertilize eggs, the resulting embryo's DNA is packaged into 46 chromosomes – 23 from each parent. Most human embryos naturally die after conception 2022-09-05T04:00:00Z Upon entering the bacterial cell, lambda decides whether to replicate and kill the cell outright, like most viruses do, or to integrate itself into the cell's chromosome, as HIV does. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z The vast majority of cases are caused by having three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. A Hormone May Boost Cognition in Down Syndrome 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z Typically during reproduction, two gametes — cells with half the number of original chromosomes — come together to create a zygote, with a full suite of genes. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles during meiosis I so the number of sets of chromosomes in each nucleus- to-be is reduced from two to one. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z When random mistakes occur during chromosome replication, fertilized eggs can inherit cells with these errors and result in a condition called aneuploidy, which essentially means "the wrong number of chromosomes." Most human embryos naturally die after conception 2022-09-05T04:00:00Z Proteins like CI and LexA are transcription factors that turn genes on and off by binding to specific genetic patterns within the DNA instruction book that is the chromosome. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z The team studied mice that had three copies of their equivalent of chromosome 21 and displayed symptoms of Down syndrome. A Hormone May Boost Cognition in Down Syndrome 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z But when these gametes first form, it may be that pairs of chromosomes do not fully separate, leading to a zygote with a genome that is twice as large as its parents’. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z Chromosome disorders can be divided into two categories: abnormalities in chromosome number and chromosome structural rearrangements. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z With the instructions for development now disorganized due to mixed-up chromosomes, embryos with aneuploidy are usually doomed. Most human embryos naturally die after conception 2022-09-05T04:00:00Z Some phages like Coliphage 186 have figured out that they don't need their own viral CI protein if they have a short DNA sequence in their chromosomes that bacterial LexA can bind to. Viruses may be ‘watching’ you 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z It occurs when a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21, ultimately leading to distinctive physical features, an elevated risk of many health problems, and mild to moderate intellectual impairments. Restoring a key hormone could help people with Down syndrome 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z Essentially, the authors argued, the extra genes provided backup chromosomes that helped prevent hereditary diseases. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes, including their length, banding pattern, and centromere position. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z It happens throughout our lives, triggered by things like DNA damage and the shortening of telomeres, structures that cap and protect the ends of chromosomes. Zombie cells central to the quest for active, vital old age 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z The inhibitors restrict the separation of chromosomes, thereby stopping cell division. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z To find out, he and his team ran a series of experiments with mice that had been genetically engineered to make an extra chromosome similar to the one in Down syndrome. Restoring a key hormone could help people with Down syndrome 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z Look to your 46 chromosomes and three billion nucleotide base pairs. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z Examples of this are Down syndrome, which is identified by a third copy of chromosome 21, and Turner syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of only one X chromosome in women instead of two. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Complaints over that practice led to chromosome tests and, later, DNA tests. Transgender girls allowed to play girls’ sports in Utah, judge rules 2022-08-21T04:00:00Z This coiling further shortens the chromosome so that it is now about 50 times shorter than the extended form. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The mice also had abnormalities in their GnRH-secreting neurons, caused by disrupted regulation of genes located on chromosome 21, the team found. Restoring a key hormone could help people with Down syndrome 2022-09-01T04:00:00Z But those numbers are nothing compared to the genome of another organism, which contains twice as many base pairs and three times as many chromosomes. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z For instance, Jacobsen syndrome, which involves distinctive facial features as well as heart and bleeding defects, is identified by a deletion on chromosome 11. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z After 10 years of effort, medical researchers at Columbia University have developed a very fast and cheap way to detect the extra or missing chromosomes that most often cause miscarriages or severe birth defects. New Method Improves Speed and Cost of Birth Defect Testing 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z During the mitotic phase, the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter nuclei. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Curing HIV infections remains one of the most formidable challenges in biomedicine, in part because cells that hold the viral DNA in their chromosomes persist in the face of powerful drugs and immune responses. Single-cell studies offer new view of how HIV infections persist—and might be cured 2022-08-03T04:00:00Z The C-Fern appears to have gained its large genome primarily from repetitive DNA and transposable elements — “jumping genes” that often move around in chromosomes, with a function that is poorly understood. Cracking the Case of the Giant Fern Genome 2022-09-12T04:00:00Z The process of meiosis produces genetically unique reproductive cells called gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Each DNA segment should appear as two copies — one from each chromosome. New Method Improves Speed and Cost of Birth Defect Testing 2022-08-17T04:00:00Z |
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