| 单词 | afferent |
| 例句 | Known as c tactile afferents, this last is the one that McGlone has studied for years. No hugging: are we living through a crisis of touch? 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z Touch – even the gentlest kind processed by McGlone’s beloved c tactile afferents – is never only about affection, warmth and care, but also about power. No hugging: are we living through a crisis of touch? 2018-03-07T05:00:00Z These fibers, known as “C-tactile afferents” and found on places such as the forearm or back, transmit messages directly and slowly to the central nervous system. Perspective | I want to cuddle with my kids, but is it safe? 2020-03-31T04:00:00Z This information is sent to the CNS via afferent sensory nerves. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z But our skin also has sensors known as C-tactile fibers or afferents that are specifically sensitive to social touch from people and the caress of a loved one. The power of social touch: How a loving caress really can ease anxiety 2023-02-09T05:00:00Z Stimulation of the sensory receptor activates the associated afferent neuron, which carries information about the stimulus to the central nervous system. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The interlobar arteries, in turn, branch into arcuate arteries, cortical radiate arteries, and then into afferent arterioles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Fairhurst, for instance, wears more perfume and spends longer washing her hair – “a direct activation” of her C-tactile afferent nerves, she thinks. Has a year of living with Covid-19 rewired our brains? 2020-12-13T05:00:00Z Efferent synapses occur on outer hair cells and on afferent dendrites under inner hair cells. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z These signals shoot along thick ‘type A’ nerve fibers, or ‘afferents,’ at speeds of more than 200 miles per hour to the brain’s sensory regions. ‘I will feel actual rage.’ Unusual responses to kind touches could help explain autism traits 2019-05-29T04:00:00Z Outer hair cells connect to only 10 percent of the afferent neurons, and each afferent neuron innervates many hair cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The afferent arterioles service about 1.3 million nephrons in each kidney. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z C-tactile afferents are “beautifully, exquisitely evolved,” McGlone says, and without the touch that they respond to, babies have weaker neural responses and longer hospital stays and do not gain as much weight. Perspective | Some people are uncomfortable with touchers like Biden. Should they set the rules? 2019-04-12T04:00:00Z It’s so awkward to act blasé about being naked around other people — people who are also, themselves, naked — that there’s nothing left to do but submit en masse to the social and afferent novelty. Letter of Recommendation: Naturism 2019-01-29T05:00:00Z Stroking the forearm, rich in type C afferents, lit up social brain areas in the controls, but stroking the palm, which contains predominantly type A nerve fibers, had no such effect. ‘I will feel actual rage.’ Unusual responses to kind touches could help explain autism traits 2019-05-29T04:00:00Z The afferent, bipolar neurons that convey auditory information travel from the cochlea to the medulla, through the pons and midbrain in the brainstem, finally reaching the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The afferent arterioles form a tuft of high-pressure capillaries about 200 µm in diameter, the glomerulus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Norms governing touch are headed to a place where they can cause harm, says McGlone, who studies C-tactile afferents, the nerve fibers that respond to gentle touch. Perspective | Some people are uncomfortable with touchers like Biden. Should they set the rules? 2019-04-12T04:00:00Z That speed of stroking activates a class of sensory neurons in the skin called C-tactile afferents, which have been previously been shown to reduce pain in adults. Stroking babies 'provides pain relief' 2018-12-17T05:00:00Z “The C-tactile afferent is the Higgs boson of the social brain. It’s the missing particle that socializes the developing brain. It brings everything else together,” he says. ‘I will feel actual rage.’ Unusual responses to kind touches could help explain autism traits 2019-05-29T04:00:00Z The cortical radiate arteries branch into numerous afferent arterioles, and then enter the capillaries supplying the nephrons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The glomerulus is a high-pressure capillary bed between afferent and efferent arterioles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z That’s thanks to sophisticated processing of sensory data: first, so-called afferent nerves transmit information from sensors in our fingertips to the spinal cord. Moving skin beyond the biological 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z "There was evidence to suggest that C-tactile afferents can be activated in babies and that slow, gentle touch can evoke changes in brain activity in infants," said Prof Slater. Stroking babies 'provides pain relief' 2018-12-17T05:00:00Z During CFC, sensory features of the aversive event reach hippocampal output neurons through excitatory cortical afferents and require active inhibitory filtering to ensure that the hippocampus exclusively encodes the conditioned stimulus. [Research Article] Dendritic Inhibition in the Hippocampus Supports Fear Learning 2014-02-20T19:25:46.586Z The branch that enters the glomerulus is called the afferent arteriole. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is a modified, smooth muscle cell lining the afferent arteriole that can contract or relax in response to ATP or adenosine released by the macula densa. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Ideal bidirectional hand prostheses should involve both a reliable decoding of the user’s intentions and the delivery of nearly “natural” sensory feedback through remnant afferent pathways, simultaneously and in real time. [Research Articles] Restoring Natural Sensory Feedback in Real-Time Bidirectional Hand Prostheses 2014-02-05T19:55:10.445Z Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; Ð opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The lesions of the arteriosclerotic kidney are due to narrowing and eventual obstruction of the afferent vessels. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z Once the afferent arterioles are constricted, blood flow into the nephrons stops. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Thus, when blood pressure goes up, smooth muscle in the afferent capillaries contracts to limit any increase in blood flow and filtration rate. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A third—sometimes, perhaps, a fourth—neuron connects in the two directions, afferent and efferent, the cortex and the base of the brain. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z From the gills the afferent branchials carry the blood to the median dorsal aorta. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" Changes in other organs as the result of arteriosclerosis of their afferent vessels occur, but are not so characteristic as in the kidney. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z These again split to form arcuate arteries, from which cortical radiate arteries radiate out and branch into many afferent arterioles that enter the capillaries supplying the nephrons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Included in this vasodilation are the afferent arterioles supplying the glomerulus, resulting in increased GFR, and water loss by the kidneys. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Normally, afferent impulses are constantly flowing from the viscera to the central nervous system and by this reflex process their blood supply is regulated, and their functional activity is governed. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z In the fish the ventral aorta gives rise to five afferent branchial arteries carrying the blood to the gills, though these may not all come off as independent trunks from the aorta. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" A man after severance of the spinal cord does not possess in the strict sense consciousness of the limbs whose afferent nerves lie behind the place of spinal severance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" These again split to form arcuate arteries, from which cortical radiate arteries radiate out and branch into many afferent arterioles that enter the capillaries supplying the nephrons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Sensory fibers, or pathways, are referred to as “afferent.” Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These afferent impulses when perverted by functional derangement or disease may become serious disturbing influences. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z Branchial hearts are formed on the afferent vessels of the branchiae. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Hence one of the goals to which each afferent fibre from a receptive organ leads is a number of motor nerves. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" These again split to form cortical radiate arteries that radiate out and branch into many afferent arterioles that enter the capillaries supplying the nephrons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This will depolarize the hair cell membrane, triggering nerve impulses that travel down the afferent nerve fibers attached to the hair cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are two divisions of nerves, the afferent and efferent. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle The glandular renal tissue is, in fact, confined to a tract extending along that part of the sac’s wall which immediately invests the great branchial afferent vein. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Connected with these receptive organs lies that division of the nervous system which is termed afferent because it conducts impulses inwards towards the nervous centres. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" These again split to form arcuate arteries, from which cortical radiate arteries radiate out and branch into many afferent arterioles that enter the capillaries supplying the nephrons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A long reflex has afferent branches that enter the spinal cord or brain and involve the efferent branches, as previously explained. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The afferent nerves are those which convey the impression to the nerve centers. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle The principal vein is a vena 698 cava passing backwards ventrally from the cephalic region and dividing into two afferent branchial veins, each of which receives a pallial and an abdominal vein. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" They may therefore be regarded as the equivalent of an intraspinal tract connecting the deep ends of the afferent neurones from the skin with higher nervous centres. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" It constricts the afferent arterioles, causing the flow of blood into the nephrons to stop. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The other part of a reflex, the afferent branch, is often the same between the two systems. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Endeavours were first made to investigate the participation of the spleen in the formation of the white blood corpuscles by counting the white corpuscles in the afferent and efferent vessels of the spleen. Histology of the Blood Normal and Pathological Each afferent vessel is expanded into a contractile branchial heart, which is provided with a glandular appendage. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" That post-central strip of cortex would in this view bear to these paths a relation similar to that which the occipital and temporal regions bear to afferent tracts from the retina and the cochlea. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 4 "Bradford, William" to "Brequigny, Louis" They constrict the afferent arterioles, causing the flow of blood into the nephrons to stop. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 15.6 Comparison of Somatic and Visceral Reflexes The afferent inputs to somatic and visceral reflexes are essentially the same, whereas the efferent branches are different. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Ligation of the main afferent vessels, or of the external or common carotid, has been followed by recurrence, owing to the free anastomatic circulation in the scalp. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The latter corresponds to the glandular masses which are attached to the afferent branchial veins in Nautilus, and to the pericardial glands of other Molluscs. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" It is the latter or afferent function with which we are now concerned. Second Sight A study of Natural and Induced Clairvoyance Thus, action potentials transmitted over a sensory receptor’s afferent axons encode one type of stimulus, and this segregation of the senses is preserved in other sensory circuits. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z You do not have a conscious perception of having high blood pressure, but that is an important afferent branch of the cardiovascular and, particularly, vasomotor reflexes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Nerve terminations—n, afferent nerve; b, terminal nerve bulbs; l, cell of Langerhans. Essentials of Diseases of the Skin Including the Syphilodermata Arranged in the Form of Questions and Answers Prepared Especially for Students of Medicine Branchial hearts are not developed on the branchial afferent vessels. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Those filaments or cords are the nerves, which you know are divided into two kinds, sensor and motor, or, if you like the terms better, afferent and efferent nerves. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 In proprioception, proprioceptive and kinesthetic signals travel through myelinated afferent neurons running from the spinal cord to the medulla. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z NO has the opposite effect, relaxing the afferent arteriole at the same time ATP and adenosine are stimulating it to contract. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These four afferent branchial arches are equivalent to the first four of the five vessels of the dog-fish. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata By reflex action of which the afferent stimulus acts upon the eyes as in fishes, the chromatophores assume a condition which approximates the colour of the animal to that of surrounding objects. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 6 "Celtes, Konrad" to "Ceramics" Its organs are the afferent and efferent nerves, the brain, the sense-organs and the voluntary muscles; the brain is its central organ. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology About 90 percent of the afferent neurons carry information from inner hair cells, with each hair cell synapsing with 10 or so neurons. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Decreased blood pressure is also sensed by the granular cells in the afferent arteriole of the JGA. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A message along a nerve to a ganglion cell is an afferent impression, from a cell to a muscle or other external end is an efferent impression. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata One set, the afferents, bring in sensation, all kinds of tidings, from the out world of matter. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life The first convey impulses to the cord and are called afferent neurons;102 the second convey impulses from the cord and are known as efferent neurons. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools When electrolysis is employed, it should be directed towards the afferent vessels; and if it fails to arrest the flow through these, it is useless to persist with it. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The afferent branch responds to light hitting the retina. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z From this arise four afferent branchial arteries, running up along the sides of the four branchial arches, and supplying gills. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Without an afferent nerve no influence of the world can reach the mind; and without an efferent nerve no conclusion of the mind can reach the world. The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life What ones contain both afferent and efferent fibers? Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The tubercle bacilli usually gain access to the gland through the afferent lymph vessels, which convey them from some lesion of the surface within the area drained by them. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It increases GFR through concurrent vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A vast amount of our activities are reflex, and in such action an efferent stimulus follows an afferent promptly and quite mechanically. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata The nervous system is composed of neurones of three types: Those that receive, the afferent; those that effect action, the efferent; and those that connect, the associative. Principles of Teaching From all portions of the body surface, afferent pathways may be traced to the cerebrum; and from the cerebrum efferent pathways extend to all the voluntary organs. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Nævus.—A nævus is a collection of dilated capillaries, the afferent arterioles and the efferent venules of which often share in the dilatation. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. This is visual sensation, because the afferent branch of this reflex is simply sharing the special sense pathway. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z He believes that every instinctive process consists of an afferent part or message, a central part, and an efferent part or discharge. Anthropology An afferent or sensory nerve-fibril, which under adequate stimulus is set in vibration by some cell of the epidermis or ectoderm, which is therefore called a sensory cell. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 A complex system of intermediate neurons, found mostly in the brain, join the afferent with the efferent pathways. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools In some cases ligation of the afferent vessels has been successful. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The afferent branch of the somatic and visceral reflexes is very similar, as many somatic and special senses activate autonomic responses. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is as if what are sometimes called the associative fibers, both ends of which are in the brain, were dwarfed in comparison with the afferent and efferent fibers that mediate sense and motion. Youth: Its Education, Regimen, and Hygiene The spinal cord is like an upturned tree, with man's hair as its roots, and afferent and efferent nerves as branches. Autobiography of a Yogi The respiratory center is also connected by afferent nerves with the mucous membrane of the air passages. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Lymphadenitis.—Inflammation of lymph glands results from the advent of an irritant, usually bacterial or toxic, brought to the glands by the afferent lymph vessels. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. With further bladder stretch, afferent signals traveling over sacral pelvic nerves activate parasympathetic neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As a result of increased differentiation, the skin and the central nervous system became further and further separated, and in the end the two were only permanently connected by the afferent peripheral sensory nerves. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The afferent nerve reports directly to the efferent, without passing the message through consciousness. The Nature of Goodness Sense Organs.—The sense organs are not parts of the afferent neurons, but are structures of various kinds, in which the neurons terminate. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Images as data—Nerves, afferent and efferent, cannot beget images, nor can the brain give rise to representations—All our perception relative to action. Bergson and His Philosophy The glomerulus has a relatively high pressure inside its capillaries and can sustain this by dilating the afferent arteriole while constricting the efferent arteriole. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When a bad smell causes a grimace, there is a reflex action through the same motor nerve, while the olfactory nerves constitute the afferent channels. Physics and Politics, or, Thoughts on the application of the principles of "natural selection" and "inheritance" to political society At once this sensation is telegraphed over the afferent nerves to the nerve centers in the brain or spinal cord. Nature Cure The Ear is the sense organ which enables sound waves to so act upon afferent neurons as to excite impulses in them. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools An instinct, therefore, is regarded as a mechanism made up of three parts: First, an afferent or cognitive part, through which it is stimulated. The Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Volume 10 This includes vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles, further reducing the volume of blood flowing through the kidneys. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This mechanism works in the afferent arteriole that supplies the glomerulus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Recall that the DCT is in intimate contact with the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In contact with these, but occupying a separate layer, are the ends of small afferent nerve cells. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools It is produced in the lungs but binds to the surfaces of endothelial cells in the afferent arterioles and glomerulus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Only a 10 mm Hg pressure differential across the glomerulus is required for normal GFR, so very small changes in afferent arterial pressure significantly increase or decrease GFR. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It acts systemically to cause vasoconstriction as well as constriction of both the afferent and efferent arterioles of the glomerulus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They may be stimulated by impulses either from the intermediate neurons, or from branches of the afferent neurons. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools This, the intermediate division, may be composed of mon-axonic neurons, or it may consist of branches from the afferent neurons. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools The Problem of Seeing.—What we call seeing is vastly more than the stimulation of the brain through the action of light upon afferent neurons. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools |
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