| 单词 | chemical reaction |
| 例句 | The nineteenth-century realization that the living cell was no more than a bag of interconnected chemical reactions had launched a powerful discipline fusing biology and chemistry—biochemistry. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Proteins coax and control these fundamental chemical reactions in the cell—speeding some and slowing others, pacing the reactions just enough to be compatible with living. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z The clays have a complex active surface, given to absorbing and releasing gases and to catalyzing chemical reactions. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z The most important proteins are enzymes, molecules that control the cell’s chemical reactions. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z All chemical reactions complete, the sheet was sterilized and moved to a clean room. The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z “But what causes them to mix, Horace? This chemical reaction you speak of—what is it?” Snow Falling on Cedars: A Novel 1994-09-12T00:00:00Z “You’ve smelled rotten eggs? That’s sulfur dioxide, released from the chemical reaction of rotting organic material. This is going to stink just like that.” October Sky 1999-04-01T00:00:00Z Faraci was reviewing the different types of chemical reactions when the door at the front of the class swung open to admit a guy I didn’t recognize. We Are the Ants 2016-01-19T00:00:00Z Cells depend on chemical reactions to live: during respiration, for instance, sugar combines chemically with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and energy. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Turns out, through a neat set of chemical reactions with the Martian atmosphere, for every kilogram of hydrogen you bring to Mars, you can make thirteen kilograms of fuel. The Martian 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z Discovering the power of triads was like discovering a chemical reaction or a miracle cure. The Story of Music 2012-12-25T00:00:00Z Some of them feebly control useful chemical reactions, as enzymes do. Cosmos 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z “Pressure brings it up. It results from a chemical reaction in the lungs when water mixes with air and mucus.” Snow Falling on Cedars: A Novel 1994-09-12T00:00:00Z Proteins enabled chemical reactions, speeding and controlling the pace of biochemical processes, thereby acting as the switchboards of the biological world. The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z I’d avoided talking to him all day, but the lab forced me to relay data about chemical reactions with certain types of metals so he could write it down. Made You Up 2015-05-19T00:00:00Z “It’s a chemical reaction, not just a topcoat,” he said, referring to the way copper weathers because of corrosive sulfur compounds in the air. How to restore Fireslate countertops He says the sudden death of a loved one can trigger a specific chemical reaction. ‘Kadian Journal’: A father tries to survive the loss of his son, 14 2014-12-08T05:00:00Z This causes a chemical reaction that produces carbon dioxide, thus creating carbonation. How to make kombucha at home 2022-01-07T05:00:00Z Crystalline prisms twirled; paint blobs swelled; digital spheres coiled and danced in delicate lattices, responding to chemical reactions in tubes of sourdough bread batter. Music Review: ‘HPSCHD’ at Eyebeam 2013-05-05T21:28:37Z In “Derry Girls,” teen girlhood is imagined as a kind of unstable chemical reaction; its characters, delightfully, have absolutely no chill. ‘Derry Girls’: And Now Their Troubles Are Ended 2022-10-06T04:00:00Z He would rather, it seems, talk about chemical reactions than about himself. Who Mows the Lawn at Storm King, New York’s Largest Sculpture Park? 2019-07-12T04:00:00Z Just as with onions, the aromatic compounds in garlic are formed through an enzymatic chemical reaction that occurs as soon as its cells are ruptured. Is pre-minced garlic really such a bad thing? 2022-01-10T05:00:00Z The composting process involves chemical reactions, but it’s a physical process, too. Perspective | For a better compost pile, balance these two types of ingredients 2017-07-03T04:00:00Z Coupled with the destruction of an object of popular hatred, it can become more than just a chemical reaction. ‘Power Must Be Taken’: Excerpts From ‘The Anarchist Cookbook’ 2017-03-29T04:00:00Z A: Mostly how to temper the chocolate by passing it through three different temperatures to create a chemical reaction. World Chefs: Chocolate sculptures showcase pastry artist's crafty side 2013-12-24T09:07:20Z It all starts in the brain, which decides what to keep and what to discard using a process called “encoding,” where chemical reactions link different networks. After months in lockdown, we need some new memories. But can you ‘make’ them? 2021-07-25T04:00:00Z It seems possible that the flames on the shirt combusted when the dramatic pattern contrast provoked a violent chemical reaction. The Prada Flame Shirt Is Performance Art 2018-07-22T04:00:00Z Ms. Reynolds achieved the swirl of purples, grays and burnt orange by hand-pressing dyes directly into the silk, soaking them in dyes made from rust and creating chemical reactions with powdered minerals. A Dyed-and-True Imprint 2010-12-23T00:23:01Z Geared to visitors 8 and older, this workshop at Sony Wonder Technology Lab teaches photographic basics and how to develop images using photo-sensitive paper, sunlight and the simplest of chemical reactions. Spare Times for Children for March 28-April 3 2014-03-27T22:34:17Z The researchers found that sunlight kicks off a chemical reaction that ultimately turns yellow paint brown. Yellow mellowed 2011-02-14T19:00:00Z Firefly expert Sara Lewis uses another expression for bioluminescence, the chemical reaction that causes fireflies to glow. News quiz winner uses KidsPost for current events lessons 2021-01-22T05:00:00Z Beyond simply slowing you down, chewing triggers chemical reactions in the body that contribute to satiety and help reduce calorie intake. Why chewing is underrated 2015-01-20T05:00:00Z Here on earth, when something burns, such as wood, a chemical reaction with oxygen occurs. "The Big Bang Theory" and real science, from Leonard's wedding vows to the "Time Machine" prop 2019-05-16T04:00:00Z In careful renditions of songs like “Put On Your Sunday Clothes” — songs that in the theater feel like explosive chemical reactions — you are left with a creditable but not very exciting residue. Listening to the Best (and Worst) of Broadway 2017-07-12T04:00:00Z First, we fed our AI a list of about a million chemical reactions and taught the program some simple chemistry concepts, like how to identify important features of molecules. Rancid food smells and tastes gross — AI tools may help scientists prevent that spoilage 2023-10-19T04:00:00Z From now on, any definition of incandescence must include the sublime chemical reaction that occurs when Rachel Bay Jones and Brandon Victor Dixon collide onstage. Review | ‘Next to Normal’ is back. It’s still a glorious, heartbreaking experience. 2020-01-31T05:00:00Z Maybe the briny sea air was causing some kind of chemical reaction with the lime in the cement? | Le Havre in a New Light 2011-12-21T20:37:21Z In order to release their acquired energy, these molecules undergo chemical reactions — and in the skin that means there are biological consequences. How do the chemicals in sunscreen protect our skin from damage? 2017-07-01T04:00:00Z Professional plating adds electrical current to the plating process, rather than depending on just the chemical reaction that occurs naturally when a silver solution is in contact with one of the reactive metals. Corroded saltshaker tops? You can restore the original look. 2019-02-08T05:00:00Z This produces the smoke ring, a much-admired reddish band just below the surface — the result of a chemical reaction between the nitrogen dioxide in the smoke and the myoglobin in the meat. Brisket for Beginners 2019-05-24T04:00:00Z It is actually a chemical reaction — and a stinky one at that. Cooking is full of delicious science lessons 2021-11-12T05:00:00Z After a while all you remember is the chemical reaction within you, that euphoria and the bonding endorphins.” Scarlett Johansson Made Broadway Look Easy 2010-05-14T03:24:00Z But primarily it was the unusual chemical reaction that occurred when Martin and Lewis were side by side. Jerry Lewis, Mercurial Comedian and Filmmaker, Dies at 91 2017-08-20T04:00:00Z Week after week I watch it, brow furrowed as deeply obscure questions are asked about particle physics and chemical reactions that seem to be in another language. University Challenge: I'm glad someone knows about the Grand Duke of Finland 2012-11-09T12:07:07Z Imagine that chemical reaction plus extreme cleaning power! 6 All-Natural Cleaning Products You Can Make at Home 2015-08-31T04:00:00Z If there's alcohol, it causes a chemical reaction in the device's fuel cell. Lohan's ankle bracelet has Breathalyzer technology 2010-05-25T13:55:00Z Recorded by Ms. Richards almost entirely alone, the album unfolds as a collection of slow chemical reactions — resonances and overtones giving way to one another. 12 Pop, Rock and Jazz Concerts to Check Out in N.Y.C. This Weekend 2018-05-17T04:00:00Z A naturally occurring chemical reaction between the nitrous oxide in smoke and the CO2 in smoke, and the hemoglobin in the meat. Steven Raichlen's epistle to the brisketeers is what you need for Memorial Day 2019-05-25T04:00:00Z So, if you willy-nilly change from one river to another, you can cause a chemical reaction in the water.” Erin Brockovich sounds a terrifying alarm on Bill Maher about nationwide lead poisoning: “F*cking greed” has sparked crisis 2016-02-06T05:00:00Z And you see the chemical reaction that you didn't expect until you put it on the film. A Minute With: Director David O. Russell on music in film 2013-11-06T11:08:41Z Everything that happens within you is just chemical reactions that are going on at the cellular level and just little molecules banging together and responding in a programmed way that’s chaotic and seemingly random. ‘The brain is the most extraordinary thing in the universe’: Bill Bryson on his latest book 2019-10-07T04:00:00Z “Put it on, and you’ll get the chemical reaction,” he said. What to do about rust stains on a tile floor 2021-05-21T04:00:00Z Polyurethane foam creates its lifting force through the chemical reaction released when the two components of the product mix. How to raise a sunken sidewalk block and restore a level walkway 2019-09-01T04:00:00Z If you want one book to explain temperature, food safety, labeling, chemical reactions and the science of browning, rising, marinating and emulsifying, this is your book. Cooking: ‘Asian-American,’ ‘Women Chefs of New York’ and More 2015-12-02T05:00:00Z “The rate of emission of certain types of pollutants goes up. … Secondly, chemical reactions tend to be faster,” says Christopher Cappa at the Air Quality Research Center in Davis, California. Climate change is making Mexico City unbreathable 2015-06-06T04:00:00Z "You don't do chemical reactions in the lab, you do the assemblage," says Kurkdjian. What A Nose 2010-10-19T22:00:00Z "Most drain cleaners work by creating a chemical reaction right inside your drain pipe, often with the help of hydrochloric acid," he explains. The best way to unclog every drain in your home 2022-08-08T04:00:00Z The resistance to insulin leads, through a series of chemical reactions, to an excess of testosterone. Vagina Dispatches: your questions about healthy periods answered 2016-12-19T05:00:00Z Incorporating tires, bottles, plastic buckets, garbage bags, potatoes, balloons, fire, chemical reactions and more, it’s a chain reaction that has to be seen to be believed: a pyromaniac’s dream taken to insanely entertaining heights. Day 2 of Bumbershoot sees more sunshine and ‘fun.’ 2013-09-02T02:18:27Z Food scientist Sheryl Barringer from The Ohio State University wrote about various chemical reactions that are part of the transformation of beans into chocolate. Easter bunnies, cacao beans and pollinating bugs: A basket of 6 essential reads about chocolate 2023-04-06T04:00:00Z The doktor may not be able to levitate a sled with reindeer, but he can demonstrate some fascinating experiments, principles and chemical reactions. Spare Times for Children for Dec. 11-17 2015-12-11T05:00:00Z Is a great performance the result of technique, of natural charisma, or of some unrepeatable chemical reaction between talent and material? ‘Official Competition’ Review: Madness in Their Methods 2022-06-14T04:00:00Z The can uses a solid-state chemical reaction to warm the liquid. A gift guide holiday mix from van adventures to James Bond 2021-11-09T05:00:00Z Electrical impulses and chemical reactions take place: we are no longer what we once were, and even after death the process of change continues. Third Person: Bonnie and Clyde Redux 2010-07-22T21:31:00Z Most theories suggest it is produced by chemical reactions that act over thousands of years or by ecological processes yet to be determined. Life on Earth… but not as we know it 2013-04-13T23:05:01Z When it’s exposed to heat, it causes a chemical reaction that bonds its atoms back together. A sneaker that fixes itself? It could be coming soon. 2019-04-24T04:00:00Z Poised with pad in hand, Elizabeth, a chemist, concentrates keenly on her home television set, as if she were observing a chemical reaction. ‘Lessons in Chemistry’ and TV History 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z Metabolism is the term describing all the chemical reactions in our bodies that keep us alive. What can you do to speed up your metabolism? 2023-09-12T04:00:00Z Caramelised cinnamon biscuits Using alkaline bicarbonate of soda in these lightly spiced biscuits encourages a chemical reaction that helps them to brown evenly, despite their relatively short cooking time. No baking necessary for these fridge cake recipes | Ruby Tandoh 2015-08-22T04:00:00Z It cures through a chemical reaction that requires moisture. What to do when a DIY repair leads to a mishap with polyurethane glue 2018-12-27T05:00:00Z For example, protein cages can confine enzymes that act as catalysts for a target chemical reaction, weathering it from a potentially harsh cell environment. Engineering bacteria to biosynthesize intricate protein complexes 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z This enables the chemical reactions required to produce sulfur dioxide to occur. James Webb Space Telescope detects water vapor, sulfur dioxide and sand clouds in the atmosphere of a nearby exoplanet 2023-11-15T05:00:00Z Traditionally, understanding this process has been challenging as it involves complex chemical reactions that transform rocks into gases like carbon dioxide, making it difficult to quantify. Study sheds light on how Earth cycles fossil-carbon 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z The micromotor is comprised of a tube made of silicon and manganese dioxide in which chemical reactions cause the release of bubbles from one end. New water treatment method can generate green energy 2023-11-14T05:00:00Z Illustration of silica crystals coming out from the liquid metal of the Earth's outer core due to a water-induced chemical reaction. Earth's surface water dives deep, transforming core's outer layer 2023-11-13T05:00:00Z This means the bacterial enzymes pull oxygen from the air and incorporate it into new compounds, without requiring the typical metals or other cofactors to initiate the necessary chemical reaction. Scientists discover key to a potential natural cancer treatment's potency 2023-11-13T05:00:00Z "Our method offers an unparalleled possibility to the chemical industry for reducing energy consumption and greening chemical reactions," said Professor Kalantar-Zadeh. Liquid metals shake up century-old chemical engineering processes 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z “Microorganisms are just little bags of chemical reactions, right? So by lowering the temperature, we just slow all of that down.” What to do when you see mold on your food 2023-11-10T05:00:00Z Azide groups form a robust covalent bond with graphite through a chemical reaction facilitated by ultraviolet light, ensuring the structural integrity of graphite during its expansion and contraction. Making electric vehicles last 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z The device works by rapidly releasing and amplifying genetic material from a nasal swab sample by carrying out a chemical reaction to produce a result, which can be viewed on a smartphone app. 'Lab on a chip' genetic test device can identify viruses within three minutes with top-level accuracy 2023-11-02T04:00:00Z This means that there is nothing for them to attack, thus preventing uncontrolled chemical reactions. Charged 'molecular beasts' the basis for new compounds 2023-11-03T04:00:00Z This allows them to easily come into contact with, and participate in, chemical reactions. Liquid metals shake up century-old chemical engineering processes 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z Cordonier said the foam also demonstrated photocatalytic properties, meaning that it can use light to promote chemical reactions that can do things like purify air or water. To advance space colonization, new research explores 3D printing in microgravity 2023-10-30T04:00:00Z Aerosols can tweak Earth’s temperature by modulating the formation of sunlight-reflecting clouds and influence our planet’s natural “sunscreen” by either spurring or suppressing ozone-destroying chemical reactions. Space Junk Is Polluting Earth’s Stratosphere with Vaporized Metal 2023-10-26T04:00:00Z One special feature of iron is its "spin state," which is a quantum property of the electrons in each iron atom that drives their magnetic behavior and reactivity in chemical reactions. Researchers probe molten rock to crack Earth's deepest secrets 2023-10-23T04:00:00Z The new publication could fundamentally change this view of chemical reactions in mass spectrometers. Charged 'molecular beasts' the basis for new compounds 2023-11-03T04:00:00Z The researchers said their formula could also be used for other chemical reactions by mixing metals using the low temperature processes. Liquid metals shake up century-old chemical engineering processes 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z Researchers at this week’s workshop presented a variety of strategies, including methane-absorbing minerals, methane-eating microorganisms and special chemical reactions involving chlorine atoms, which can help scrub methane from the atmosphere. Scientists Explore Pulling Potent Methane Out of the Air to Curb Warming 2023-10-20T04:00:00Z These chemical reactions are indispensable for forming essential chemical bonds during the synthesis of a chemical compound. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z Their results clearly show the dependence between the state of progress of the chemical reaction and the intensity of the applied electric field. An electrical switch to control chemical reactions 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Beyond phages and CRISPR, scientists are developing antibiotic alternatives that harness bacteria-slaying peptides — short chains of protein building blocks— and enzymes, specialized proteins that jump-start chemical reactions. Dangerous ‘Superbugs’ Are on the Rise. What Can Stop Them? 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z A catalyst is a substance that makes chemical reactions occur faster and more easily without participating in the reaction. Liquid metals shake up century-old chemical engineering processes 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z Lengthy incubation times are common among deep-sea creatures, partly because biological and chemical reactions are slower in cold environments. Treasure trove of skate egg "mermaid purses" found in deep sea 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z The researchers tinkered with the structure to discover that approximately 0.4 nanometres was the perfect distance between these two copper ions for them to function as one unit to carry out important chemical reactions. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z This device enables a chemical reaction to be activated simply by flipping a switch. An electrical switch to control chemical reactions 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z My doctoral adviser’s group had a project dedicated to studying chemical reactions with attosecond pulses. What is an attosecond? A physical chemist explains the tiny time scale that earned a Nobel prize 2023-10-10T04:00:00Z The ancient builders mixed materials like burnt limestone and volcanic sand with water and gravel, creating chemical reactions to bind everything together. How are ancient Roman and Mayan buildings still standing? Scientists are unlocking their secrets 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z They use electrodes connected to electric current to perform chemical reactions. Capturing CO2 with electricity: A microbial enzyme inspires electrochemistry 2023-09-28T04:00:00Z This structure also reduces the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z It is therefore theoretically possible to electrically control chemical reactions. An electrical switch to control chemical reactions 2023-10-12T04:00:00Z Until now, almost nothing is known about these light-induced processes in liquids, which surround us everywhere and are present in every chemical reaction. Intense lasers shine new light on the electron dynamics of liquids 2023-09-29T04:00:00Z That water activates the leftover pockets of lime, sparking up new chemical reactions that can fill in the damaged sections. How are ancient Roman and Mayan buildings still standing? Scientists are unlocking their secrets 2023-10-02T04:00:00Z Molden pointed out that tailpipe exhaust is dramatically reduced by filters and catalytic converters, which use chemical reactions to reduce pollution. Electric vehicles are a climate solution with a pollution problem: Tire particles 2023-09-27T04:00:00Z To showcase the versatility of the newly developed GACs, the researchers assessed its performance in various chemical reactions, such as the formation of multifunctional heterocyclic compounds that are commonly used in the production of pharmaceuticals. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z Whereas some have proposed that crucial organic molecules, such as amino acids, arose through chemical reactions at deep-sea vents, others have suggested asteroids could have seeded early Earth with them. NASA delivers bounty of asteroid samples to Earth 2023-09-24T04:00:00Z To follow the evolution of these four galaxies, the simulation calculated physical processes such as the kinematics of stars and gas, chemical reactions, star formation, and supernovae. Tag team of the James Webb Space Telescope and ALMA captures the core of the most distant galaxy protocluster 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z In the absence of oxygen, cancer cells resort to a very specific survival mechanism: they metabolise the amino acid glutamine as an alternative source of energy through a chemical reaction known as ''reductive carboxylation''. Strengthening artificial immune cells to fight cancer 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z Another crucial variable is the rate at which droplets cause chemical reactions that destroy ozone. It’s Time to Engineer the Sky 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z The researchers put the catalyst through nine consecutive cycles of chemical reactions, and discovered that it could remain stable with no detectable loss of copper ions from the original structure. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z He said the company is looking to fuel heavy duty trucks and long-distance vehicles with fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity through a chemical reaction. Hyundai rushing to open Georgia plant because of law rewarding domestic electric vehicle production 2023-09-19T04:00:00Z Check out what happens when milk, food coloring, and dish soap create a cool chemical reaction with this experiment from the Nat Geo Kids book Try This! Color explosion experiment 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z Learn about chemical reactions by watching this heat-producing mixture bubble and overflow for up to half an hour. Elephant toothpaste science experiment 2017-09-05T04:00:00Z That work could reveal whether ejected droplets remain the same size while aloft, details about chemical reactions, and what effects they have on ozone. It’s Time to Engineer the Sky 2023-09-20T04:00:00Z The researchers also analysed the environmental benefits of using the novel catalyst in chemical reactions and found that it achieves a carbon footprint that is 10 times lower than using conventional catalysts. Novel catalyst for green production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals 2023-10-13T04:00:00Z The chemical reaction which takes place creates electricity. World’s First Hydrogen-Powered Train Line 2022-08-30T04:00:00Z And concrete itself can weaken with exposure to the elements, undergoing subtle chemical reactions that undermine its stability, Baker explains. Dams Worldwide Are at Risk of Catastrophic Failure 2023-09-15T04:00:00Z For example, exposure to water can cause a chemical reaction called deamination that changes the nucleotide cytosine such that it appears to be the nucleotide thymine upon analysis. How Archaeological Methods Are Helping Identify Victims of the Hawaii Wildfires 2023-08-25T04:00:00Z The experiments are part of the field of ultracold chemistry, which aims to gain incredibly detailed control over chemical reactions by taking advantage of the quantum interactions that occur in these cold states. ‘Quantum Superchemistry’ Observed for the First Time Ever 2023-08-15T04:00:00Z An preliminary investigation found that a leak from containers inside the truck caused a chemical reaction that resulted in the fire. Cleanup from chemical spill and fire that shut down I-24 in Tennessee could take days 2023-08-04T04:00:00Z National Transportation Safety Board has warned about the possible dangers of electric vehicle battery fires, a hazard that stems from thermal runaway, a chemical reaction that causes uncontrolled battery temperature and pressure increases. A fire is still burning on board a car-carrying cargo ship near a sensitive Dutch bird habitat 2023-07-27T04:00:00Z He received his Nobel Prize in 1992 for work on electron transfer reactions, a deceptively simple theory describing how electrons move between molecules in chemical reactions without breaking chemical bonds. A Caltech Nobel laureate celebrates his 100th birthday. Then he gets back to work 2023-07-21T04:00:00Z The National Transportation Safety Board has warned about the possible dangers of electric vehicle battery fires, a hazard that stems from thermal runaway, a chemical reaction that causes uncontrolled battery temperature and pressure increases. Fire that killed 2 on a cargo ship in New Jersey is out after nearly a week, officials say 2023-07-11T04:00:00Z When they did, however, they saw that the chemical reactions occurred collectively, rather than individually. ‘Quantum Superchemistry’ Observed for the First Time Ever 2023-08-15T04:00:00Z The special danger is that such batteries, when allowed to become too hot, can produce a chemical reaction that creates even more heat. Big batteries by a school? Project stirs concerns as WA seeks clean energy 2023-07-08T04:00:00Z Other molecular compounds are also formed as byproducts of earlier chemical reactions. Why does the wildfire smoke sometimes smell like burning plastic? 2023-06-29T04:00:00Z Temperature readings and malfunctioning pressure relief valves led experts to believe a chemical reaction was taking place inside the tank cars that was building pressure, and that this could cause an explosion. Response to fiery Ohio derailment frustrated by poor communication and incomplete information 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z Circadian disruption affects metabolic pathways, the chemical reactions that produce energy in the body. Adjusting Your Body Clock May Stave Off Cancer 2023-06-20T04:00:00Z And the more atoms were involved, meaning the greater the density of the atoms, the quicker the chemical reactions went. ‘Quantum Superchemistry’ Observed for the First Time Ever 2023-08-15T04:00:00Z “If unregulated free market capitalism were a chemical reaction,” he writes, “it would be a wildfire in crossover conditions.” When a Wildfire Burns a City Built for Extracting Oil 2023-06-18T04:00:00Z This essential nutrient is involved in a number of chemical reactions that are important for the proper functioning of the immune and nervous systems. From Energy Drinks to Extending Life? Supplement Slows Aging in Mice and Monkeys 2023-06-08T04:00:00Z Norfolk Southern’s Robert Wood said even if there wasn’t a chemical reaction, officials were still concerned that the tank cars could fail and release the vinyl chloride. Response to fiery Ohio derailment frustrated by poor communication and incomplete information 2023-06-22T04:00:00Z Its breakthrough is in using an iron-based catalyst to do this in one step, replacing the pricier two-stage process that is usually needed to bring about the chemical reaction. Aramco, ENI, United Airlines invest in UK-based low-carbon fuel venture 2023-06-07T04:00:00Z Equatic’s process sends an electrical charge through seawater that then sets off a series of chemical reactions that trap the greenhouse gas into a solid mineral, while also producing hydrogen. Boeing signs alternative fuel deal with Los Angeles startup to cut carbon footprint 2023-06-01T04:00:00Z Only two cheap solvents are required, and the needed chemical reactions could be completed without expensive catalysts or high temperatures. Newly discovered chemical is a highly targeted killer of parasitic worms 2023-05-25T04:00:00Z Scientists using RF Diffusion decide on a particular characteristic they want from a new protein - perhaps a catalyst for a certain kind of chemical reaction, or a protein that can bind to a particular target. How the power of protein is being uncovered 2023-05-18T04:00:00Z The cell’s interior is a watery soup: in this medium, most small molecules dissolve and diffuse, and the majority of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Cells perform the functions of life through various chemical reactions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z By this he means the comb does not cause a sample to degrade or create any unwanted by-products, as breath tests that rely on chemical reactions can. Astronomy Tool Can Now Detect COVID in Breath 2023-05-12T04:00:00Z In 2020, authorities said a chemical reaction caused a series of explosions at the plant. Worker killed in Massachusetts pharmaceutical plant blast 2023-05-04T04:00:00Z “Temperature is part of the chemical reaction process for baked goods made with a leavening agent, such as baking powder,” nutrition and wellness educator Jenna Smith wrote for the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign extension website. You don’t always need to preheat your oven. Here’s when it matters. 2023-04-07T04:00:00Z Ozone forms when nitrogen oxides and other pollutants "cook" in the sun through a series of chemical reactions. 1 in 3 Americans breathe unhealthy air, new report says 2023-04-25T04:00:00Z A cell’s metabolism refers to the combination of chemical reactions that take place within it. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z That then sets off a series of chemical reactions that trap the greenhouse gas into a solid mineral that includes calcium carbonate — the same thing seashells are made of. California researchers attempt ocean climate solution 2023-04-20T04:00:00Z To convert carbon dioxide into sugars that fuel life on Earth, plants rely on a protein complex that includes chlorophyll to shuttle both electrons and protons, which perform chemical reactions and transfer energy. Scientists engineer the first light-powered yeast 2023-04-18T04:00:00Z DAC technology uses chemical reactions to remove carbon dioxide from the air, which can then be stored in underground caverns or used in products or applications such as making concrete or aviation fuel. Explainer: What is direct air capture and how can it fight climate change? 2023-04-18T04:00:00Z PM 2.5 contaminants often come from construction sites, unpaved roads, smokestacks and fires, or are complex chemical reactions from pollutants emitted from power plants, industrial facilities, cars and trucks. Air pollution may raise risk of dementia, analysis says 2023-04-05T04:00:00Z Enzymes are chemical catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering their activation energy. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A chemical reaction is a bit like traveling from Vienna to Venice: your destination might be downhill, but to get there, you’ll need to cross the Alps. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z Mechanochemistry is not typically used in commercial chemical processes, and exactly how mechanical force initiates chemical reactions isn’t completely understood, says Dolotko. Could Grinding Up Lithium Batteries Help Recycle Them? 2023-03-30T04:00:00Z The researchers suggest that the organic compounds found on Ryugu may have been formed with the help of chemical reactions caused by starlight in icy materials residing in interstellar space. Asteroid discovery suggests ingredients for life on Earth came from space 2023-03-21T04:00:00Z The system works by integrating catalysts, chemical compounds which accelerate a chemical reaction, into a light absorber. Could waste plastic become a useful fuel source? 2023-03-13T04:00:00Z It allows cells to store energy briefly and transport it within itself to support endergonic chemical reactions. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But even though the idea behind quantum tunneling is now nearly a century old, bringing theory and experiment together to observe tunneling in chemical reactions has proved tricky. Bizarre Quantum Tunneling Observation Throws Out All the Rules 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z Study co-author Susan Solomon, an atmospheric chemist also at MIT, suggests the smoke might have caused a chemical reaction that usually needs cold conditions to occur in warm air. Australia's Massive Wildfires Shredded the Ozone Layer—Now Scientists Know Why 2023-03-10T05:00:00Z And again, there's limited information about what chemicals are present – or were created through chemical reactions during the fire. How dangerous was the Ohio chemical train derailment? An expert assesses 2023-02-28T05:00:00Z Mauck added for example, children and pregnant people are usually more vulnerable to exposure to adverse chemical reactions. From vinyl chloride to isobutylene, how a non-scientist can assess the danger of a mystery chemical 2023-02-22T05:00:00Z The citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions that removes high-energy electrons and uses them in the electron transport chain to generate ATP. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z “We have good reason to believe that similar kinds of chemical reactions are going on at Europa.” At Jupiter, JUICE and Clipper Will Work Together in Hunt for Life 2023-02-16T05:00:00Z But when the vinyl chloride was burned, the chemical reaction generates new corrosive chemicals: phosgene gas and hydrogen chloride. Why the train wreck in Ohio is such a major public health disaster 2023-02-15T05:00:00Z By studying aging sulfate particles, the team hopes to witness the chemical reactions that break them apart and release sulfur at the end of their lifetimes. Could solar geoengineering cool the planet? U.S. gets serious about finding out 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z However, we already know they can solve a small list of problems such as factoring numbers, searching databases or simulating chemical reactions. Quantum Entanglement Isn’t All That Spooky After All 2023-02-13T05:00:00Z The electrons are passed through a series of chemical reactions, with a small amount of free energy used at three points to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The chemical reactions involved produce even more carbon dioxide as a by-product. Solving Cement’s Massive Carbon Problem 2023-02-09T05:00:00Z The technology could potentially also be used to design drugs more quickly by accurately simulating their chemical reactions, a calculation too difficult for current supercomputers. Quantum breakthrough could revolutionise computing 2023-02-08T05:00:00Z It’s as if just looking at these flowers is enough to elicit an unsettling chemical reaction. Review | In the galleries: Fiber-based materials yield remarkable art 2023-02-03T05:00:00Z The doctors’ hope was that lowering body temperature to about 92.3 degrees would help to protect the brain because chemical reactions that can damage injured cells slow down as body temperature falls. Inside the Hospital Where Damar Hamlin’s Life Was Saved 2023-01-22T05:00:00Z The cell’s interior—the medium in which most small molecules dissolve and diffuse, and in which the majority of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place—is a watery soup. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z But they had mostly ignored the possibility that JWST’s view would be obstructed by suspended aerosols—either cloud droplets, formed when gases condense, or haze particles, formed through light-driven chemical reactions. Lifting the veil: Astronomers conjure up the hazes that obscure alien worlds 2023-01-10T05:00:00Z The widely available white powder, made from burning limestone, would have reacted with water during mixing, sparking a chemical reaction that produced significant amounts of heat. Scientists may have found magic ingredient behind ancient Rome’s self-healing concrete 2023-01-05T05:00:00Z Koonin argued for a somewhat more expensive definition, suggesting: "A life form is a self-reproducing system of chemical reactions endowed with a dedicated, replicating memory storage device that directs the formation of the system's components." Are viruses alive? Why a seemingly simple biology question is so hard to answer 2022-12-26T05:00:00Z When two atoms of a light element such as hydrogen are heated and combine to form a single heavier element such as helium, the chemical reaction produces massive amounts of energy which can be captured. What is nuclear fusion and how does it work? 2022-12-13T05:00:00Z This chapter will also describe how cells use energy and replenish it, and how chemical reactions in the cell are performed with great efficiency. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z He thinks a chemical reaction between the DNA and the soil slowed any degradation. Oldest DNA reveals two-million-year-old lost world 2022-12-07T05:00:00Z A rocket in the best of circumstances is a controlled chemical reaction that lifts tons of material to space on a tower of fire. When NASA’s moon rocket sprang a fuel leak, the launch team called in the ‘red crew.’ 2022-11-16T05:00:00Z All these factors allow microdroplets to accelerate the chemical reactions that occur in them. The water paradox: How did the first life form in a hostile liquid? 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z Heavy industries like steel require tremendous heat as well as chemical reactions that electricity just can't replace. Getting to ‘net-zero’ emissions: How energy leaders envision countering climate change in the future 2022-11-14T05:00:00Z Just as living things must continually consume food to replenish their energy supplies, cells must continually produce more energy to replenish that used by the many energy-requiring chemical reactions that constantly take place. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z I heated the vinegar up in the microwave for one minute so the chemical reaction would occur faster. Increase household water pressure in minutes 2022-11-01T04:00:00Z Surfaces of the shoes matter, as rougher fabric surfaces would capture more DNA and metal in buckles could cause a ruinous chemical reaction in some circumstances, such as environmental exposure. ‘Touch DNA’ instrumental in Syed’s exoneration 2022-10-20T04:00:00Z Our lab has been studying microdroplets for a decade, and our previous work has shown how the rate of common chemical reactions can be sped up to a million times faster in microdroplets. The water paradox: How did the first life form in a hostile liquid? 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z Some of those other colors are enhanced in the fall through other chemical reactions. Drought is dulling fall foliage, but there are still vibrant pockets 2022-10-07T04:00:00Z A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions that takes a starting molecule and modifies it, step-by-step, through a series of metabolic intermediates, eventually yielding a final product. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Second, these chemical reactions could speed up the development of pharmaceutical drugs and novel disease treatments. Ocean spray may have created conditions for life to form on Earth, new study suggests 2022-10-07T04:00:00Z This cataclysmic impact tore the dwarf planet apart, sparking a chemical reaction that could have turned pieces of the planet’s graphite into lonsdaleite, he adds. Extra Hard Space Diamonds May Have Formed in an Ancient Cosmic Collision 2022-09-28T04:00:00Z We tested this theory by spraying amino acids dissolved in microdroplets of water toward a mass spectrometer, an instrument that can be used to analyze the products of a chemical reaction. The water paradox: How did the first life form in a hostile liquid? 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z As animal species evolved, these chemical reactions evolved with them and became part of their genetic codes. Why does nature create patterns? 2022-09-23T04:00:00Z It is important to know that the chemical reactions of metabolic pathways do not take place on their own. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z In the future, the same chemical reactions necessary for forming life could help sustain it. Ocean spray may have created conditions for life to form on Earth, new study suggests 2022-10-07T04:00:00Z Others suggested chemical reactions that produce heat without combustion. The Search for Intelligent Life Is About to Get a Lot More Interesting 2022-09-15T04:00:00Z In fact, the basic chemical reactions that enable life as we know it require water, photosynthesis being one example. The water paradox: How did the first life form in a hostile liquid? 2022-11-15T05:00:00Z These are just itching to get involved in any chemical reaction. Self-sterilising plastic kills viruses like Covid 2022-09-08T04:00:00Z Chemical energy stored within organic molecules such as sugars and fats is transferred and transformed through a series of cellular chemical reactions into energy within molecules of ATP. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The chemical reactions themselves aren't so complex either; and by studying the Earth's core, we also know that the necessary chemicals in question existed in abundance in the planet's early days. Ocean spray may have created conditions for life to form on Earth, new study suggests 2022-10-07T04:00:00Z In areas of Africa with high fossil fuel emissions and frequent burning of forests or grassland, new research suggests hotter temperatures could make the problem worse as they can accelerate chemical reactions that create ozone. Analysis: Scientists look to solve ozone threat to Africa's food security 2022-08-31T04:00:00Z For instance, putting the recovered resin through different chemical reactions allowed the team to extract new compounds. Recycled Wind Turbines Could Be Made into Plexiglass, Diapers or Gummy Bears 2022-08-26T04:00:00Z Because traits such as coloration, metabolism and sleep rely on related hormones and chemical reactions, adaptation in one area will alter all of the others, too. Blind Cave Fish May Trade Color for Energy 2022-08-25T04:00:00Z Free energy specifically refers to the energy associated with a chemical reaction that is available after the losses are accounted for. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The chemical reactions themselves aren't so complex either; and by studying the Earth's core, we also know that the necessary chemicals in question existed in abundance in the planet's early days. Ocean spray may have created conditions for life to form on Earth, new study suggests 2022-10-07T04:00:00Z Strahan, who was not involved in the study, explained that the excess water vapor will affect many chemical reactions that control stratospheric ozone concentrations. Tonga volcano blasted unprecedented amount of water into atmosphere 2022-08-05T04:00:00Z Sulfuric acid conducts the charge as well as participating in the chemical reaction. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Therefore, these measurements are useful in assessing the stoichiometry of pure gases, gas mixtures, and chemical reactions involving gases. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z An important distinction must be drawn between the term spontaneous and the idea of a chemical reaction occurring immediately. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A functional group can participate in specific chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In the absence of oxygen, many complex chemical reactions are possible that lead to the production of amino acids, proteins, and other chemical building blocks of life. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z The details of the chemical reaction are left to the reader to pursue in a chemistry text, but their results at the molecular level help explain the potential created by the battery. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z This is not the case, however, for ordinary chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z If a chemical reaction absorbs energy rather than releases energy on balance, then the ∆G for that reaction will be a positive value. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They act as enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions, provide structural support, regulate the passage of substances across the cell membrane, protect against disease, and coordinate cell signaling pathways. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The proliferation of life forms that could photosynthesize eventually led to the release of more oxygen than natural chemical reactions can remove from the atmosphere. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Figure 21.16 A car battery charger reverses the normal direction of current through a battery, reversing its chemical reaction and replenishing its chemical potential. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature dependent spontaneities. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This small amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur is called the activation energy. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Glycolysis is a sequence of chemical reactions that convert glucose to two three-carbon compounds called pyruvic acid. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Apparently, chemical reactions with Earth’s crust removed the oxygen gas as quickly as it formed. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Over the centuries, discoveries were made regarding the properties of substances and their chemical reactions. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The protons in the nucleus do not change during normal chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z On a basic level, enzymes promote chemical reactions that involve more than one substrate by bringing the substrates together in an optimal orientation for reaction. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Eukaryotic cells contain complex organelles that carry out their chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The cloud colors are due to impurities, the product of chemical reactions among the atmospheric gases in a process we call photochemistry. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z Collective knowledge grew, and by the beginning of the 19th century, an important fact was well established—the masses of reactants in specific chemical reactions always have a particular mass ratio. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Since nuclear decay follows first-order kinetics, we can adapt the mathematical relationships used for first- order chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These chemical reactions are called endergonic reactions and they are non- spontaneous. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Once they begin to burn, however, the chemical reactions release enough heat to continue the burning process, supplying the activation energy for surrounding fuel molecules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The ice mantles, in turn, are sites for some of the chemical reactions that produce complex organic molecules. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z These undergo rapid chemical reactions, producing perhaps four or five thousand different compounds called radiolytic products, some of which make cell function impossible by breaking cell membranes, fracturing DNA, and so on. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Nuclear fission reactions produce incredibly large amounts of energy compared to chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Most enzymes are proteins and perform the critical task of lowering the activation energies of chemical reactions inside the cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z There may be one or more substrates, depending on the particular chemical reaction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Many more chemical reactions take place on the surfaces of grains in the gas surrounding the newly forming stars, and these areas are where organic molecules are formed. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In a mixture of gases, the total pressure is the sum of partial pressures of the component gases, assuming ideal gas behavior and no chemical reactions between the components. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Radioisotopes are used in diverse ways to study the mechanisms of chemical reactions in plants and animals. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Rather, it derives from a process that begins with passing electrons through a series of chemical reactions to a final electron acceptor, oxygen. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z There is a specifically matched enzyme for each substrate and, thus, for each chemical reaction; however, there is flexibility as well. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The dark material that is staining these old surfaces could come from Pluto’s atmospheric haze or from chemical reactions taking place at the surface due to the action of sunlight. Astronomy 2016-10-13T00:00:00Z In short, a separation of charge has been driven by a chemical reaction. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z As with chemical reactions, nuclear reactions are always balanced. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Explain the reciprocal nature of the net chemical reactions for photosynthesis and respiration. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Finally, enzymes can also lower activation energies by taking part in the chemical reaction itself. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It would also be difficult to read a biology textbook chapter about photosynthesis but know nothing of plants, cell structure, or chemical reactions. Writing Guide 2021-12-21T00:00:00Z Note also that since the chemical reactions involve substances with resistance, it is not possible to create the emf without an internal resistance. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z These values are especially useful for computing or predicting enthalpy changes for chemical reactions that are impractical or dangerous to carry out, or for processes for which it is difficult to make measurements. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For starters, the forever chemicals need to be filtered out of water, soil, or otherwise taken out of wherever they’ve wound up before they can go through this kind of destructive chemical reaction. A new way to smash the "forever" out of "forever chemicals" 2022-08-18T04:00:00Z Enzymes required only for certain cellular processes can be housed separately along with their substrates, allowing for more efficient chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Evacuation orders were lifted in Riverside County on Saturday morning after a chemical reaction inside a rail car parked on private property threatened to cause an explosion, forcing people from their homes two days before. Evacuations lifted after chemical reaction in Riverside County rail car raised explosion fears 2022-08-13T04:00:00Z In essence, THC triggers chemical reactions in the brain that are associated with relaxation, euphoria and bliss. Yes, marijuana can be addictive — but it's not like other addictive drugs. Here's why 2022-08-11T04:00:00Z Avogadro’s law may be used in stoichiometric computations for chemical reactions involving gaseous reactants or products. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The researchers also chilled the animals to slow chemical reactions. A ‘Reversible’ Form of Death? Scientists Revive Cells in Dead Pigs’ Organs. 2022-08-03T04:00:00Z They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The chemical reaction causes a fire that jumps from cell to cell inside the battery; vehicular batteries in e-bikes and scooters have up to 90 discrete cells. Lithium batteries are causing e-bikes to explode in New York 2022-07-28T04:00:00Z PEM fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction that generates electricity, heat, and water. Can hydrogen fuel cells power Microsoft data centers? 2022-07-28T04:00:00Z Deviations from Henry’s law are observed when a chemical reaction takes place between the gaseous solute and the solvent. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z That structure, seen in countless Hollywood movies including “Grease” and “Terminator 2,” was demolished in 2016 after a chemical reaction weakened its concrete over decades. New Los Angeles bridge opens, then quickly closes amid chaos 2022-07-27T04:00:00Z How do chemical reactions play a role in energy transfer? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The heat sets off a chemical reaction that turns the iron into a precursor of steel. Celebrating new ways of reducing CO2 - the art of cutting carbon 2022-07-26T04:00:00Z Many proteins are enzymes, which catalyze and regulate chemical reactions, thereby affecting the expression of genetic traits. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This is another characteristic trait of a catalyst: Though it participates in the chemical reaction, it is not consumed by the reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Cellular processes such as the building and breaking down of complex molecules occur through step-wise chemical reactions. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Few examples of positive feedback loops exist in animal bodies, but one is found in the cascade of chemical reactions that result in blood clotting, or coagulation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z At that time, O2 was produced in the atmosphere when the Sun’s ultraviolet rays split water molecules apart; however, chemical reactions removed the oxygen as quickly as it was produced. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The combination of chemical reactions a cell carries out is called metabolism. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The variety of oxidation states displayed by most of the nonmetals means that many of their chemical reactions involve changes in oxidation state through oxidation-reduction reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z In spite of their differences in abundance, all elements and the chemical reactions between them obey the same chemical and physical laws regardless of whether they are a part of the living or non-living world. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Elements that already have their outer orbits filled are considered to be inert; they do not readily take part in chemical reactions. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z A chemical reaction is a process that changes, or transforms, one set of compounds into another. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Nuclear structure, the numbers of protons and neutrons within the nuclei of the atoms involved, remains unchanged during chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Together, all of the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that consume or generate energy, are referred to as the cell’s metabolism. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Cellular processes such as the building and breaking down of complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Oxidation, the chemical reaction that causes rust in metallic iron, occurs geologically when iron atoms in a mineral bond with oxygen. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z This is also true for chemical reactions that occur in living organisms. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Consequently, the energy changes associated with nuclear reactions are vastly greater than are those for chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Molecules and chemical reactions have varying entropy as well. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Just as living things must continually consume food to replenish what has been used, cells must continually produce more energy to replenish that used by the many energy-requiring chemical reactions that constantly take place. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These chemical reactions will cause new minerals to form. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Some chemical reactions occur slowly, such as the combination of iron and oxygen to form an iron oxide called rust. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Because the energy changes for breaking and forming bonds are so small compared to the energy changes for breaking or forming nuclei, the changes in mass during all ordinary chemical reactions are virtually undetectable. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Which one of the following terms describes the complete set of chemical reactions that occur within cells? Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z All of the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including those that use energy and those that release energy, are the cell’s metabolism. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In addition to using elements found in the protolith, the chemical reaction may incorporate substances contributed by the fluids to create new minerals. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The elements or compounds that engage in a chemical reaction are known as reactants. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Nuclear reactions involve much larger energies than chemical reactions and have measureable mass changes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the human body, the substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain within narrows ranges of concentration. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Inside the cell, each sugar molecule is broken down through a complex series of chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Water actively participates in chemical reactions and allows extra mobility of the components in hydrothermal alteration. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction are known as products. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Two questions are typically posed when planning to carry out a chemical reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The chemical reactions of life take place in aqueous solutions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The harvested energy is used to make high-energy ATP molecules, which can be used to perform work, powering many chemical reactions in the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Hot, circulating fluids expelled by the crystallizing granite reacted with and dissolved the surrounding limestone and dolostone, precipitating out new minerals created by the chemical reaction. An Introduction to Geology 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Every form of life must have a source of energy so that it can carry out chemical reactions. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Likewise, the rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how much reactant is consumed, or how much product is produced, by the reaction in a given amount of time. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The factor that most strongly governs the tendency of an atom to participate in chemical reactions is the number of electrons in its valence shell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is important to know that the chemical reactions of metabolic pathways don’t take place spontaneously. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Running a low positive voltage through a cilium triggers a chemical reaction: as a droplet of test fluid flows past, the electrified platinum breaks apart the water molecules within the droplet. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Some chemical reactions that are essential to life would happen so slowly or require such high activation energies that they could never take place on their own. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Like the decelerating car, the average rate of a chemical reaction will fall somewhere between its initial and final rates. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z One characteristic of a living organism is metabolism, which is the sum total of all of the chemical reactions that go on to maintain that organism’s health and life. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A cell’s metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place within it. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Biosensors built into the chip would measure the products of these chemical reactions and then direct the cilia to further manipulate the liquid’s flow, allowing the chip to perform additional tests to confirm the results. Cilia Are Minuscule Wonders, and Scientists Are Finally Figuring Out How to Mimic Them 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Smog is a haze formed by chemical reactions among pollutants released by industrial processes and automobile exhaust. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This emphasis on read time suggests that kinetic aspects of the chemical reactions occurring on the test strip are important considerations. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Enzymatic reactions—chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes—begin when substrates bind to the enzyme. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The chemical energy in molecules, such as glucose, is potential energy because when bonds break in chemical reactions, free energy is released. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Dr. Biberdorf, 36, has appeared on NBC’s “Today,” “The Late Show With Stephen Colbert” and other programs with demonstrations of color-changing chemicals, magnetic slime and, very often, chemical reactions accompanied by bright, loud bangs. The Explosive Ambitions of Kate the Chemist 2022-07-11T04:00:00Z Photosynthesis uses light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z How this energy compares to the kinetic energy provided by colliding reactant molecules is a primary factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z An example is enzymes, which catalyze chemical reactions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The free energy of a system changes during energy transfers such as chemical reactions, and this change is referred to as ΔG or Gibbs free energy. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Direct air capture, which uses chemical reactions to capture carbon dioxide directly from the air and reroute it underground permanently, is gaining backers because of its easy setup. There’s a carbon-capture gold rush. Some warn better solutions exist. 2022-06-23T04:00:00Z The electron shell affects how an atom may participate in chemical reactions. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This is not the case for typical chemical reactions, for which rate laws may be reliably determined only via experimentation. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z For example, the elements in the first column all have a single valence electron—an electron that can be “donated” in a chemical reaction with another atom. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Built in 1932, the moderne bridge suffered from what engineers called “concrete cancer,” continually disintegrating due to a chemical reaction, and had to be replaced. The 6th Street Viaduct opens, delivering 'a love letter to Los Angeles' 2022-07-09T04:00:00Z Many chemical reactions in living things take place in water, which is why all living things need water. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Some chemical reactions occur by mechanisms that consist of a single bimolecular elementary reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The one or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Reactants within a closed system will undergo chemical reactions in both directions until a state of equilibrium is reached. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z But these smells are produced by a chemical reaction called light strike when wine, particularly white wine and rosé, is exposed to ultraviolet light or high frequency visible light. Don’t Let Your Wine Go to the Grocery Store Naked 2022-07-07T04:00:00Z If the pH is lower or higher, it will affect the chemical reactions that take place within the cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z What are two factors that may prevent a collision from producing a chemical reaction? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This is because chemical reactions are governed by the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If a cell were a closed system, its chemical reactions would reach equilibrium, and it would die because there would be insufficient free energy left to perform the work needed to maintain life. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “The mineral profile of water plays a key role in chemical reactions during brewing.” Beer made from recycled toilet water wins admirers in Singapore 2022-06-29T04:00:00Z These chemical reactions are made possible by catalysts. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z As demonstrated by the sulfur dioxide oxidation process described above, a chemical reaction will proceed in whatever direction is necessary to achieve equilibrium. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This reversibility of a chemical reaction is indicated with a double arrow: A + BC ⇄ AB + C . Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In a living cell, chemical reactions are constantly moving towards equilibrium, but never reach it. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A big cell also faces a chemical challenge: As its volume increases, it takes longer for molecules to drift around and meet the right partners to carry out precise chemical reactions. You Don’t Need a Microscope to See the Biggest Bacteria Ever Found 2022-06-23T04:00:00Z A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Previous chapters in this text have described various applications of thermochemistry, an important aspect of thermodynamics concerned with the heat flow accompanying chemical reactions and phase transitions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A functional group is a group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds and tending to function in chemical reactions as a single unit. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Materials pass in and out, the cell recycles the products of certain chemical reactions into other reactions, and chemical equilibrium is never reached. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z General Accounting Office, chemical recycling uses heat and/or chemical reactions to break down used plastics into new plastic, fuel or other chemicals. Compromise on plastics ban comes under fire in California Legislature. Ballot fight likely 2022-06-16T04:00:00Z The role of enzymes is to speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Helium, as well as larger atoms with eight electrons in their valence shell, is unlikely to participate in chemical reactions because they are stable. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The reason lies in the steps that take place during a chemical reaction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The analysis indicated that the material was heated early in its history, melting ice to water, which led to chemical reactions altering the minerals. Asteroid Samples May ‘Rewrite the Chemistry of the Solar System’ 2022-06-09T04:00:00Z Enzymes are very specific and usually only catalyze one kind of chemical reaction. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Igniting the mixture initiates a vigorous chemical reaction that rapidly generates large amounts of gaseous products. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the periodic table of the elements, elements in a single column have the same number of electrons that can participate in a chemical reaction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During chemical reactions, certain chemical bonds are broken and new ones are formed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The differences could indicate how the mineralogy of the meteorite changed over decades sitting on Earth, absorbing water from the atmosphere and undergoing chemical reactions. Asteroid Samples May ‘Rewrite the Chemistry of the Solar System’ 2022-06-09T04:00:00Z For a chemical reaction to occur, the reactants must collide with sufficient energy to break existing bonds and form new bonds. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Both the nature of this chemical reaction and the relationships between the amounts of the substances being consumed and produced by the reaction are critically important considerations that determine the success of the technology. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The bonding processes you have learned thus far are anabolic chemical reactions; that is, they form larger molecules from smaller molecules or atoms. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For this reason, reactant molecules don’t last long in their transition state, but very quickly proceed to the next steps of the chemical reaction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z I saw a 3D printer and a laser cutter and a big machine that dispenses certain kinds of gases to make chemical reactions. Hear from four TJ freshmen admitted under controversial circumstances 2022-05-31T04:00:00Z It is essential that enzymes are kept within a certain temperature and pH range, or else they will change shape and no longer be able to catalyze their specific chemical reaction. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z A balanced chemical equation often may be derived from a qualitative description of some chemical reaction by a fairly simple approach known as balancing by inspection. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But recall that metabolism can proceed in another direction: in catabolic chemical reactions, bonds between components of larger molecules break, releasing smaller molecules or atoms. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Substrate binding alters the shape of the enzyme to facilitate the chemical reaction in several different ways, including bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Determining the shortest route to get from Seattle to Portland might best be solved by one approach, while speeding up a chemical reaction might call for something different. Microsoft aims to win the race to build a new kind of computer. So does Amazon 2022-06-04T04:00:00Z Regulation of Enzyme Activity Enzymes play an essential role in chemical reactions. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The amount of product generated by a chemical reaction is its actual yield. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any change. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Almost all enzymes are proteins, made up of chains of amino acids, and they perform the critical task of lowering the activation energies of chemical reactions inside the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z And like proteins, RNA can also catalyze chemical reactions needed for life. Did volcanic ‘glasses’ help spark early life? 2022-06-03T04:00:00Z Many factors affect the rate of chemical reactions, including those that occur during photosynthesis. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Like all catalysts, enzymes work by lowering the level of energy that needs to be invested in a chemical reaction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z On a basic level, enzymes promote chemical reactions that involve more than one substrate by bringing the substrates together in an optimal orientation. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They are rich in metals such as magnesium and iron that promote many chemical reactions. Did volcanic ‘glasses’ help spark early life? 2022-06-03T04:00:00Z Reeling off equations, Northcott explained how chemical reactions release C molecules at massive scale. How a Sound Transit contractor is trying to make light-rail construction easier on the environment 2022-05-31T04:00:00Z Which of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory explains why we can calculate a theoretical yield for a chemical reaction? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A chemical reaction’s activation energy is the “threshold” level of energy needed to break the bonds in the reactants. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Certain chemical reactions might proceed best in a slightly acidic or non-polar environment. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Cement is responsible for a significant chunk of global carbon dioxide emissions, but some of that CO2 comes from a chemical reaction in the manufacturing process — not from burning energy. Big Tech is pouring millions into the wrong climate solution at Davos 2022-05-25T04:00:00Z But in actual chemical reactions, a slightly heavier atom of a given element may have slightly less mobility. Marilyn Fogel, ‘isotope queen’ of science, dies at 69 2022-05-16T04:00:00Z Useful forms of energy are also available from a variety of chemical reactions other than combustion. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In fact, most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by enzymes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A cell’s metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that take place within it. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z First, the chemical reactions in the blast furnace result in emissions, as carbon trapped in coke and limestone binds with oxygen in the air to create carbon dioxide as a byproduct. The race to produce green steel 2022-05-17T04:00:00Z That may cause it to participate in a chemical reaction in a slightly different way from other atoms of the same element. Marilyn Fogel, ‘isotope queen’ of science, dies at 69 2022-05-16T04:00:00Z For example, the energy produced by the batteries in a cell phone, car, or flashlight results from chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the body, water absorbs the heat generated by chemical reactions without greatly increasing in temperature. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During an endergonic chemical reaction, ATP forms an intermediate complex with the substrate and enzyme in the reaction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Researchers who study the origin of life have long considered RNA the central player because it can both carry genetic information and catalyze necessary chemical reactions. How life could have arisen on an ‘RNA world’ 2022-05-10T04:00:00Z The history of a living thing may be regarded as an account of the chemical reactions that affected it. Marilyn Fogel, ‘isotope queen’ of science, dies at 69 2022-05-16T04:00:00Z When chemical reactions occur, the energy changes are relatively modest and the mass changes are too small to measure, so the laws of conservation of matter and energy hold well. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Water is certainly the most abundant solvent in the body; essentially all of the body’s chemical reactions occur among compounds dissolved in water. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z An arrow is typically drawn between the reactants and products to indicate the direction of the chemical reaction; this direction is not always a “one-way street.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Most conventional batteries store energy as chemical reactions waiting to happen. Rechargeable Molten Salt Battery Freezes Energy in Place for Long-Term Storage 2022-05-06T04:00:00Z Keep in mind that the instant you mix water with the dried grout, you start an irreversible chemical reaction called hydration. Perspective | Diagnosing causes of grout defects in your floor — and preventing them in the first place 2022-04-12T04:00:00Z Matter undergoing chemical reactions and physical changes can release or absorb heat. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This solitary proton is highly likely to participate in chemical reactions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z How enzymes lower the activation energy required to begin a chemical reaction in the body will also be discussed in this chapter. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Before Dr. Altman published his study, scientists believed that enzymes — molecules with catalytic properties that promoted chemical reactions — were proteins. Sidney Altman, Nobel laureate in chemistry, dies at 82 2022-04-08T04:00:00Z Usually the outsides of impact spherules have been mineralogically transformed by millions of years of chemical reactions with water. Shards of Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs May Have Been Found in Fossil Site 2022-04-07T04:00:00Z Explain why it is difficult to predict whether ΔS is positive or negative for this chemical reaction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In a similar way, without enzymes to catalyze chemical reactions, the human body would be nonfunctional. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Enzymes are crucial for life; without them the chemical reactions required to survive would not happen fast enough for an organism to survive. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Because of the vanishingly small size of molecules, a chemical reaction that causes a molecular rotor to spin clockwise is equally likely to spin it counterclockwise. Tiny labmade motors could one day suck pollutants from the air and harvest precious metals 2022-04-05T04:00:00Z A warming climate affects air quality by speeding up the chemical reaction that produces smog and exacerbating pollution from wildfires. How switching to EVs would improve health in the US 2022-03-30T04:00:00Z In chemical reactions, these metals readily lose both valence electrons to form compounds in which they exhibit an oxidation state of 2+. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Any given enzyme catalyzes just one type of chemical reaction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Chemical energy stored within organic molecules such as sugars and fats is transformed through a series of cellular chemical reactions into energy within molecules of ATP. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The instant you mix water with dried grout, you start an irreversible chemical reaction called hydration. Grout gone bad: Why it can fail, how to avoid issues 2022-03-03T05:00:00Z The intense heat would cause a chemical reaction, separating the iron from the impurities. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Briefly, electrolysis involves using electrical energy to drive unfavorable chemical reactions to completion; it is useful in the isolation of reactive metals in their pure forms. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The body’s functional chemicals are dissolved and transported in water, and the chemical reactions of life take place in water. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Phosphorylation is the uptake of a phosphorous molecule by an ATP molecule to power chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some chemical reactions need days to develop at a controlled temperature and pressure. EXPLAINER: Why Pfizer needs time to make COVID-19 treatment 2022-03-02T05:00:00Z The study found bushfires were so intense that smoke rose into the atmosphere, causing a set of chemical reactions leading to the loss of ozone. Wildfires may slow recovery of ozone layer - study 2022-02-28T05:00:00Z Metathesis reactions are examined in the chapter on the stoichiometry of chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z These elements and compounds participate in many essential chemical reactions and processes, such as nerve impulses, and some, such as calcium, also contribute to the body’s structure. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If a chemical reaction could occur without an enzyme, why is it important to have one? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The short answer: It’s a complex drug that involves chemical reactions that need time to develop. EXPLAINER: Why Pfizer needs time to make COVID-19 treatment 2022-03-02T05:00:00Z Car engines strain against the cold, which thickens motor oil and slows the chemical reactions inside the batteries. In an Arctic Outpost, Friday Nights Are for Curling 2022-02-21T05:00:00Z He discovered the law of conservation of matter, discovered the role of oxygen in combustion reactions, determined the composition of air, explained respiration in terms of chemical reactions, and more. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But when an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom will then become positively or negatively charged. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The ETC is located in membrane of the mitochondrial cristae, an area with many folds that increase the surface area available for chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “The increases in temperature have been suggested to increase the toxicity of certain contaminants and enhance the chemical reaction rates and degradation processes,” Ariya said. Climate change is altering the smell of snow 2022-02-05T05:00:00Z When you mix either substance with water, you start a chemical reaction where trillions of microscopic crystals begin to grow. The secret ingredient that can keep concrete from crumbling 2022-02-03T05:00:00Z This module will provide an introduction to three of the most prevalent types of chemical reactions: precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z This characteristic makes potassium highly likely to participate in chemical reactions in which it donates one electron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The chemical reactions of lactic acid fermentation are the following: Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z More pores also mean more exposed surface area, where the chemical reactions that are necessary to charge the battery can happen—and this is why Wang’s recycled batteries charge faster than their commercially manufactured counterparts. Recycled Lithium-Ion Batteries Can Perform Better Than New Ones 2022-02-01T05:00:00Z In this state, even water-repellent substances such as PFASs dissolve much more readily, and at the same time, the state accelerates chemical reactions. How to Destroy ‘Forever Chemicals’ 2022-01-31T05:00:00Z These examples illustrate the ease with which the amounts of substances involved in a chemical reaction of known stoichiometry may be related. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In contrast, chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are endergonic. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It allows the cell to store energy briefly and transport it within the cell to support endergonic chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It tracks these molecules as they diffuse through the simple cell, their chemical reactions, and how much energy is required for each step. News at a glance: Welcoming STEM students, a silent radar satellite, and China’s gene-edited crops 2022-01-26T05:00:00Z Currently, most at-home tests use substances that change color after a chemical reaction. At-Home Coronavirus Tests Are Inaccessible to Blind People 2022-01-10T05:00:00Z Societies at all levels of development could not function without the energy released by chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As in math, chemical equations proceed from left to right, but instead of an equal sign, they employ an arrow or arrows indicating the direction in which the chemical reaction proceeds. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Circular pathways contain a single chemical reaction that is repeated while linear pathways have multiple events. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These kinds of hot, stagnant conditions are known to increase ground-level ozone pollution by encouraging chemical reactions in the air that produce ozone. Wildfires Are Fueling a Toxic Combo of Air Pollutants 2022-01-06T05:00:00Z In the 1950s, scientists had observed chemical reactions in organic molecules exchange parts to create new compounds. Robert H. Grubbs, Nobel laureate in chemistry, dies at 79 2021-12-25T05:00:00Z Before discussing the calorimetry of chemical reactions, consider a simpler example that illustrates the core idea behind calorimetry. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Figure 2.12 The Three Fundamental Chemical Reactions The atoms and molecules involved in the three fundamental chemical reactions can be imagined as words. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Gibbs free energy is the energy associated with a chemical reaction that can be used to do work. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A major benefit of Grubbs’ process was that it minimized wasteful and hazardous byproducts of chemical reactions, an important advance in the field of what is now called green chemistry. Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech Nobel Prize winner who revolutionized green chemistry, dies 2021-12-29T05:00:00Z The details of the chemical reactions they observed were somewhat surprising. Why do some comets glow green? 2021-12-19T05:00:00Z Chemists usually perform experiments under normal atmospheric conditions, at constant external pressure with q = ΔH, which makes enthalpy the most convenient choice for determining heat changes for chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In theory, any chemical reaction can proceed in either direction under the right conditions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The digestible carbohydrates in an animal’s diet are converted to glucose molecules through a series of catabolic chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z He became particularly interested in metathesis, a word meaning changing places, involving chemical reactions in which two carbon-based molecules exchange fragments under the influence of a third molecule, known as a catalyst. Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech Nobel Prize winner who revolutionized green chemistry, dies 2021-12-29T05:00:00Z Some require chemical reactions that change the blood enough that it can’t be used for other things, while others extract individual components of the blood, similarly rendering it useless for subsequent tests. Theranos promised a blood testing revolution — here’s what’s really possible 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z A variety of factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This protein can be used either to change the structure of the cell or to produce enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Now, researchers have reconstructed the chemical reactions that would have allowed life to assemble. Our earliest, ‘half-alive’ ancestor needed little boost from heat 2021-12-14T05:00:00Z “There had to be a chemical reaction other than organic anaerobic digestion. We actually had a chemical oxygen demand, not a biological oxygen demand.” Smell that sickened Carson residents was likely caused by warehouse fire, officials say 2021-12-03T05:00:00Z Solutions are crucial to the processes that sustain life and to many other processes involving chemical reactions. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z It is the same with chemical reactions: the more particles present within a given space, the more likely those particles are to bump into one another. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Some chemical reactions, such as the one shown above, can proceed in one direction until the reactants are all used up. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Martin and his colleagues compared the chemical reactions of bacteria and archaea, relying on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, to find the reactions they had in common. Our earliest, ‘half-alive’ ancestor needed little boost from heat 2021-12-14T05:00:00Z Their droplets provide a surface for chemical reactions that result in free radicals of chlorine, which chew through ozone. High-flying wildfire smoke may threaten ozone layer 2021-11-18T05:00:00Z A warm lizard can move faster than a cold one because the chemical reactions that allow its muscles to move occur more rapidly at higher temperatures. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z On the other hand, normal body temperature is not high enough to promote the chemical reactions that sustain life. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A cell’s metabolism refers to the chemical reactions that occur within it. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Some have proposed that chemical reactions consumed much of the gas or that a lack of essential nutrients limited its production. Early Earth’s Slowing Rotation Helped Oxygen Build Up 2021-11-01T04:00:00Z His research team, List Laboratory, focuses on the “invention of new strategies for the development of perfect chemical reactions,” according to the Institute’s website. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Scientists for Tool That Builds Better Catalysts 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z From baking a cake to determining the useful lifespan of a bridge, rates of chemical reactions play important roles in our understanding of processes that involve chemical changes. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Overall, there is a specifically matched enzyme for each substrate and, thus, for each chemical reaction; however, there is some flexibility as well. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Understanding which chemical reactions are spontaneous and release free energy is extremely useful for biologists, because these reactions can be harnessed to perform work inside the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They are used to accelerate chemical reactions in many industries, including pharmaceuticals, plastics and food additives. Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to duo who made a tool to build molecules in an environmentally friendly way 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z In 1835, the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius described a phenomenon in which certain substances could galvanize a chemical reaction. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Scientists for Tool That Builds Better Catalysts 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z These strategies are generally useful for equilibrium systems regardless of chemical reaction class, and so they may be effectively applied to acid-base equilibrium problems. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z In the body, the energy released from these high energy bonds helps fuel the body’s activities, from muscle contraction to the transport of substances in and out of cells to anabolic chemical reactions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These chemical reactions are called endergonic reactions, and they are non- spontaneous. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z "Organic catalysts can be used to drive multitudes of chemical reactions," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement. Nobel chemistry prize goes to duo who developed a tool for molecule building 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z Because enzymes are so efficient, researchers in the 1990s tried to develop enzyme variants as catalysts to drive the chemical reactions needed by industry and in manufacturing. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Scientists for Tool That Builds Better Catalysts 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z Fuel cells generate electricity through a chemical reaction rather than combustion, and do not produce pollution. Why the "Swiss Army knife" of climate solutions is so controversial 2021-09-30T04:00:00Z The rate at which chemical reactions occur is influenced by several properties of the reactants: temperature, concentration and pressure, and the presence or absence of a catalyst. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Complex polymers are built from combinations of smaller monomers by dehydration synthesis, a chemical reaction in which a molecule of water is removed between two linking monomers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Scientists have also been warning that the chemical reactions between lava and water could cause powerful underwater explosions. La Palma Volcano Lava Hits Ocean, Creating a Pyramid and Toxic Gas Risks 2021-09-29T04:00:00Z Researchers believe quantum computers could operate millions of times faster than today’s advanced supercomputers, potentially making possible tasks such as mapping complex molecular structures and chemical reactions to boosting the power of artificial intelligence. Quantum computer software startup QC Ware raises $25 million 2021-09-29T04:00:00Z This could trigger a chemical reaction, involving chlorine, which can irritate the skin and eyes and affect breathing. La Palma volcano: Toxic gas fears as lava reaches ocean 2021-09-28T04:00:00Z An enzyme is a catalytic protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the human body. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They interact with other non-polar molecules in chemical reactions, but generally do not interact with polar molecules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Local officials say the lava could trigger a chemical reaction that causes explosions and the release of toxic gases if it reaches the sea. Canary Islands volcano: 'Miracle house' escapes lava 2021-09-23T04:00:00Z But methane, dihydrogen and water ice are not a smoking gun: methane can be produced by natural chemical reactions, and its existence alone isn't necessarily an indicator of life. Odd methane plumes on one of Saturn's moons may be evidence of life, study says 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z Local officials have warned the lava could trigger chemical reactions when it reaches the sea, causing explosions and the release of toxic gases. 'You can hear the volcano rumbling in the background' 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively bind a specific molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces a chemical reaction within the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Gibbs free energy specifically refers to the energy associated with a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Local officials said the lava could trigger a chemical reaction that causes explosions and the release of toxic gasses when it reaches the sea. Canary Islands volcano: Hundreds more evacuated as La Palma lava nears sea 2021-09-21T04:00:00Z Enzymes are the catalysts for chemical reactions in cells. Biology Starts to Get a Technological Makeover 2021-09-16T04:00:00Z Many such “chemical reactions” explode across the book. 'Breaking Bad's' creator tried to ignore fan reactions. This epic art broke through 2021-09-15T04:00:00Z This chapter will take you through some of the chemical reactions essential to life, the sum of which is referred to as metabolism. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The change in free energy can be calculated for any system that undergoes such a change, such as a chemical reaction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z It’s possible that the chemical reaction occurs differently in other plants, or that the fruits or vegetables are already harvested by the end of summer, when wildfires usually flare up. Wildfire smoke ruins taste of some wines 2021-09-10T04:00:00Z It is a straightforward chemical reaction: taking the carbon dioxide that is causing global warming out of the air and tucking it away where it can do little harm. The world’s biggest plant to capture CO2 from the air just opened in Iceland 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z Theranos wasn’t using its own chemistry to perform chemical reactions to generate signals from the chemical interactions with the sample. Theranos’ greatest invention was Elizabeth Holmes 2021-09-08T04:00:00Z You will examine the various chemical reactions that are important to sustain life, including why you must have oxygen, how mitochondria transfer energy, and the importance of certain “metabolic” hormones and vitamins. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z An important distinction must be drawn between the term spontaneous and the idea of a chemical reaction that occurs immediately. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A green laser aimed through the diamonds triggers chemical reactions that combine carbon, sulfur, and hydrogen atoms into a crystalline solid. Thanks to a bit of diamond smashing, practical superconductivity could be close to reality 2021-08-26T04:00:00Z When activated with ultraviolet light, it could cause a chemical reaction that damaged the building blocks of a virus. Coronavirus vaccines are widely available in the U.S. So why are scientists working on new ones? 2021-06-30T04:00:00Z The scientists think the microbes’ enzymes—proteins that speed chemical reactions—might help recycle some kinds of plastic, much of which gets buried in landfills, burned, or washed into rivers and oceans. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z Metabolism is the sum of all of the chemical reactions that are involved in catabolism and anabolism. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If a chemical reaction requires an input of energy rather than releasing energy, then the ∆G for that reaction will be a positive value. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Once, Morris asked students to imagine a pyramid-shaped planet that doesn’t rotate, then describe the chemical reactions in its atmosphere. Atmospheric science is overwhelmingly white. Black scientists have ignited a change 2021-06-24T04:00:00Z Prof Hore said the mechanism they have been investigating involves magnetically-sensitive chemical reactions initiated by light inside the bird's eyes - in their retinas, to be precise. Clues to how birds migrate using Earth's magnetic field 2021-06-23T04:00:00Z Enzymes can be finicky, failing at the high temperatures needed to coax chemical reactions in many plastics other than PET. Could plastic-eating microbes take a bite out of the recycling problem? 2021-07-01T04:00:00Z It is therefore likely to participate in chemical reactions in which it donates two electrons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Therefore, the chemical reactions involved in anabolic processes are endergonic reactions. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They are often used in situations where scientists do not want chemical reactions, for instance in nuclear reactors or lighting. Taishan nuclear plant: China admits damage to fuel rods 2021-06-16T04:00:00Z Chemists would use reactive substances to kick-start chemical reactions, but that method frequently resulted in unwanted byproducts that sullied test tubes. Ei-ichi Negishi, Nobel-winning chemist who made ‘art in a test tube,’ dies at 85 2021-06-14T04:00:00Z “People are taking CBD and doing chemical reactions and turning it into Delta-8 THC and selling that at gas stations and marketing it to kids,” he said. Pot producers are pushing to clamp down on Delta-8 THC; here’s why, and what it is 2021-06-02T04:00:00Z Water is the most ubiquitous substance in the chemical reactions of life. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A: The tarnishing is a chemical reaction when exposed to the air, so your best bet is storing it wrapped in tissue paper or cloth and placed in a sealable plastic bag. The American Cleaning Institute’s Brian Sansoni on how the pandemic has changed cleaning 2021-05-04T04:00:00Z |
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