| 单词 | Carolingian |
| 例句 | The original impetus for our trip was a site of grander scale than the plaque: a recently completed archaeological dig that uncovered the foundation of a Carolingian synagogue dating back at least to A.D. Tracing Jewish History Along the Rhine 2014-09-04T04:00:00Z Lumping together under a single denomination the infinitely diverse artistic expressions of the “Islamic World” is as inept as talking about Christian art from 8th-century Carolingian manuscripts to 18th-century French porcelain. Auctions: Century-Old Vandalism of Islamic Art, and Its Price 2011-04-15T12:00:27Z Detail of a Carolingian fresco of Banquet of Herod. Pass notes, No 3,177: King Herod 2012-05-16T19:00:01Z The lettering is Carolingian, the style that emerged in the 9th century at a time when the written word in Europe had grown nearly illegible. Calligraphers still aiming to be letter-perfect 2011-08-15T15:55:21Z He also examines manuscript illumination created by the Irish and Anglo-Saxons, and shows how the Carolingians forecast their future as successors to Rome in their artwork. TV highlights 18/12/2012 2012-12-17T19:59:01Z Some styles — Roman, Uncial, Carolingian, Gothic — date to the Middle Ages and earlier. Calligraphers still aiming to be letter-perfect 2011-08-15T15:55:21Z But just reading the history book about Charlemagne, who was an emperor that led the Carolingian dynasty. Q&A: Charlamagne talks new late-night show, biggest regret 2021-10-01T04:00:00Z His efforts to reform Church training and education are referred to by historians as the “Carolingian Renaissance.” Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z One of the most important of these scholars was Alcuin of York, an Anglo-Saxon who perfected the Carolingian minuscule script. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z As a result, Carolingian kings lost power and central authority broke down. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z For example, the Carolingians in the 9th century. Trumpism is rooted in twisted visions of medieval Europe 2022-01-06T05:00:00Z I’m not likely to forget the Viking warrior Rollo, whose henchman flipped the Carolingian king Charles the Simple onto his backside so he could kiss the royal foot without kneeling in obeisance. Review | In this vivid history of the Middle Ages, East and West are interconnected 2021-12-15T05:00:00Z Ultimately, the Carolingian dynasty lasted for an even shorter period than had the Merovingian. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Carolingian reformers took inspiration from the monks of Ireland, who brought with them both their ascetic style of religious practice and their handsomely copied books of classical literature. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z He also kept a close watch on the management of his huge estates—the source of Carolingian wealth and power. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z The discovery of yet more Carolingian coins, the archaeologist said, would strengthen his belief that the area contains part of the vast horde of silver paid to the Vikings. Medieval French Coins Unearthed in Poland? A Mystery Begins 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z An enlightened reformer with a warrior-like ferocity, he united most of Western Europe and spearheaded the Carolingian Renaissance that enhanced arts and culture in medieval society. Review | Searching for the man behind the legend of Charlemagne 2019-11-14T05:00:00Z A different line, not directly descended from the Carolingians, eventually ended up in power in East Francia. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Louis’s religious and intellectual projects were influential, but the weaknesses of the Carolingian state worked against him. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z In 987, the last member of the Carolingian family—Louis the Sluggard—died. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Using metal detectors, they uncovered more than 100 more silver coins minted during the Carolingian Empire, which was founded in the early ninth century by Emperor Charlemagne. Medieval French Coins Unearthed in Poland? A Mystery Begins 2021-07-12T04:00:00Z ‘The years following the collapse of the Carolingian empire were among the darkest of the Dark Ages.’ Charlemagne to the Rescue 2018-06-22T04:00:00Z During the rest of the ninth and tenth centuries, however, the invasions of the Magyars, Saracens, and Vikings had undermined the stability of the fragile political order created by the Carolingians. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z These internal problems were worsened by external ones, especially new invaders emboldened by the collapse of Carolingian strength. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z In Europe, the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the 900s left a patchwork of feudal states controlled by local lords. World History: Patterns of Interaction 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Bluetooth led his warriors in campaigns against Frankish nobles who ruled parts of France and Germany in the Carolingian Age. Germans find 'Harald Bluetooth' treasure 2018-04-16T04:00:00Z “The years following the collapse of the Carolingian empire were among the darkest of the Dark Ages, and it was another two centuries before Europe was back in business.” Charlemagne to the Rescue 2018-06-22T04:00:00Z In the end, they became relatively weak and ineffectual, with another clan, the Carolingians, running most of their political affairs. Western Civilization: A Concise History 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z In the ashes of the Carolingian world, medieval Europe embraced a social system called feudalism that emerged from the basic need for security and was defined by unequal relationships. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The sturdy core of modern Europe approximates in large measure the Carolingian Empire founded by Charlemagne in the ninth century. Europe’s New Medieval Map 2016-01-15T05:00:00Z Then there is Charles III, one of the Carolingian kings, locked in two black wooden file cabinets. The Saturday Profile: Philippe Charlier, France’s Forensic Sleuth 2012-07-07T01:41:15Z As the battle over the continent’s future intensifies, new political alliances are emerging that also recall the distant past, if not Mr. Macron’s “Carolingian dream.” Charlemagne to the Rescue 2018-06-22T04:00:00Z Heilbronn occupies the site of an old Roman settlement; it is first mentioned in 741, and the Carolingian princes had a palace here. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 13, Slice 2 "Hearing" to "Helmond" 2012-04-25T02:00:53.567Z Real power lay with the aristocrats, and eventually a new dynasty called the Carolingians took control of the Frankish kingdom. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z The following account of the change from the Merovingian to the Carolingian line is taken from the so-called Lesser Annals of Lorsch. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z The Carolingians have followed close upon the heels of the great Carl. Behind the Mirrors The Psychology of Disintegration at Washington 2012-02-11T03:03:55.693Z The earliest representation of the crwth yet discovered dates from the Carolingian period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Simultaneously with this work he carried on the publication of the annals of the Carolingian epoch on the model of the German Jahrb�cher, reserving for himself the reign of Charles the Bald. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z The reform of the monasteries thus helped to preserve Carolingian cultural developments and classical learning. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z One of Charlemagne's chief claims to distinction is that his reign, largely through his own influence, comprised the most important period of the so-called Carolingian renaissance, or revival of learning. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z The Saalhof, built on the site of the palace erected by Louis the Pious in 822, overlooking the Main, has a chapel of the 12th century, the substructure dating from Carolingian times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 1 "Franciscans" to "French Language" 2011-10-22T02:00:29.487Z It is the Church which creates the Carolingian empire, because the clergy thinks in terms of empire. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z With their collaboration he undertook the preparation of an inventory and, subsequently, of a critical edition of the Carolingian diplomas. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z For example, the late Carolingian king Charles the Simple granted the Duchy of Normandy to the Viking leader Rollo, so long as Rollo protected northern France from other Vikings. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z For more than a hundred years there had been keen rivalry between the Carolingian kings and one of the great ducal houses of the Franks, known as the Robertians. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z During the Carolingian period it was the seat of no fewer than 16 imperial councils or colloquies. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 1 "Franciscans" to "French Language" 2011-10-22T02:00:29.487Z Finally Duke Lupus II. made his 495 submission in 819, and the Carolingians were able to establish Frankish dukes in the country. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 4 "G" to "Gaskell, Elizabeth" 2011-08-24T02:00:20.690Z The Carolingians evidently regarded such “conjurations” as “conspirations” dangerous to the state. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 1 "Gichtel, Johann" to "Glory" 2012-01-11T03:00:20.463Z It was liberally endowed with land by the princes of the Carolingian house and others, and soon became one of the most famous and wealthy establishments of its kind. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z His partisanship was on the side of the fallen Carolingians. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z Under the Merovingians and Carolingians, the history of Rheims became merged in that of the French monarchy. Rheims and the Battles for its Possession Illustrated Michelin Guides to the Battle-Fields (1914-1918) 2011-07-31T02:00:09.963Z The system may be traced to Carolingian, and even earlier, sources. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 1 "Evangelical Church Conference" to "Fairbairn, Sir William" 2011-07-16T02:00:16.387Z It is predominant among the theologians of the Carolingian time. The Influence of the Bible on Civilisation 2011-07-06T02:00:51.053Z Thus, in six volumes, he had carried the work no farther than the Carolingian period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z In the times of the Carolingians the small and scattered towns and villages of western Europe, particularly of France, were inhabited mainly by serfs and villeins, i.e., by a dependent rather than an independent population. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z When the Carolingians restored the religious hierarchy Rheims became one of the twenty-two chief cities of the Empire. Rheims and the Battles for its Possession Illustrated Michelin Guides to the Battle-Fields (1914-1918) 2011-07-31T02:00:09.963Z Moreover, the Pope, Stephen IV., had threatened with the curse of the Church all those who should give allegiance to an Emperor who was not of Carolingian blood. A History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day 2011-06-22T02:00:21.157Z But under the last of the Carolingians it had in fact become elective, as is shown by the elections The royal power. of Odo and Robert before that of Hugh Capet. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 8 "France" to "Francis Joseph I." 2011-05-27T02:00:16.463Z After this, in four campaigns from 1805 to 1809, Napoleon transformed his Carolingian feudal and federal empire into one modelled on the Roman empire. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z In Merovingian times their precise duties are not clear, but under the Carolingians the two terms tended to become synonyms. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z After becoming Counts, with the right to coin money, and, from 940, powerful temporal princes, the archbishops played a great political part in the struggles between the Carolingian princes. Rheims and the Battles for its Possession Illustrated Michelin Guides to the Battle-Fields (1914-1918) 2011-07-31T02:00:09.963Z In the year 951, Otto's attention was directed to Italy, which, since the fall of the Carolingian Empire, had been ravaged in turn by Saracens, Greeks, Normans and even Hungarians. A History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day 2011-06-22T02:00:21.157Z The fundamental factor in these dissensions was the rivalry between the princes of Spoleto and the Carolingian house, represented by the king of Germany. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z The Carolingians had as it were a fresh access of energy, and the struggle against the Robertinians went on relentlessly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z Hugh owed his election to his large material 178 resources, the military prestige of his ancestors, the active support of the Church, and the lack of direct heirs of the Carolingian dynasty. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z At the opening of the twelfth century the Carolingian Cycle had begun to lose its vogue among the polished aristocracy of France. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z This son, known in history as "Ludwig the Child," was the last of the Carolingian line in Germany. A History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day 2011-06-22T02:00:21.157Z Forchheim is of very early origin, having been the residence of the Carolingian sovereigns, including Charlemagne, in the 9th century. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 6 "Foraminifera" to "Fox, Edward" 2011-04-22T02:00:08.637Z His death and the minority of his sons, Hugh Capet and Eudes, gave the Carolingian dynasty thirty years more of life. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z The kings chosen, however, usually came from one family, as the Carolingians in France. A Source Book of Medi?val History Documents Illustrative of European Life and Institutions from the German Invasions to the Renaissance 2012-03-23T02:00:40.930Z The Carolingian Cycle, on the contrary, introduced personages with a good right to be considered historical, and dwelt upon familiar names and traditional ideas. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z With him expired the dynasty of the Saxon Emperors, less pitifully, however, than either the Merovingian or Carolingian line. A History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day 2011-06-22T02:00:21.157Z They gave their name to the country they had subjected, and for some five centuries their Merovingian and Carolingian kings ruled without interruption. France 2011-03-27T02:00:11.847Z Thenceforth all was over for the Carolingians, who were left with no heritage save their great name. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z To solve it the early Carolingian princes, especially Charles Martel, who found the royal domains exhausted and their own inadequate, grasped at the land of the Church. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z When their poets came to treat Arthurian or Carolingian fables in the epics of Orlando, they apprehended them in the same positive spirit, adding elements of irony and satire. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z Death.—Ludwig the Child.—Invasions of the Magyars.—End of the Carolingian line in Germany. A History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day 2011-06-22T02:00:21.157Z During the greater part of the 10th century the Carolingians, stripped of the vast domains which had been the basis of the power of The rise of the house of Capet. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z In that year the Merovingian dynasty gave place to the rule of Pippin II. of Heristal, who founded a Carolingian empire fated to be as ephemeral as that of the Merovingians. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z It was the advent of the Carolingian princes and the difficulties which they had to overcome that carried these institutions a stage further forward. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z The pagan knight, Ferraguto, and the Christian peers are mentioned by name, proving that at the date of its compilation the whole Carolingian myth was tolerably perfect in the popular imagination. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z Charles the Silly, of the Carolingian line, reigned in France in 911, and was therefore, according to the family compact, the heir to Ludwig the Child. A History of Germany From the Earliest Times to the Present Day 2011-06-22T02:00:21.157Z In 987, however, the last Carolingian king died, and Hugh Capet, son of Hugh the Great, the most powerful of the territorial magnates, was chosen king of France. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 8 "Ethiopia" to "Evangelical Association" 2011-03-05T03:00:24.537Z The royal line seemed to have been forgotten for six years, but in 742 Pippin brought a The Carolingian dynasty. son of Chilperic II. out of a monastery and made him king. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z We have traced a definite line of descent for feudal institutions from Roman days through the Merovingian and Carolingian ages to the 10th century. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z Pulci dealt with the Carolingian Cycle in what may be termed a bourgeois spirit. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z It is in all probability of Lombard origin, and descended, according to Muratori, from the princes who governed in Tuscany in Carolingian times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Moreover, Harold had before his eye as a precedent the displacement of the effete Carolingian line in France, by the new house of Robert the Strong and Hugh Capet, seventy years before. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 5 English History 2011-02-12T03:00:32.473Z The death-struggle of the Carolingians lasted for a century of uncertainty and anarchy, during which time the bishops, counts and lords might well have suppressed the monarchy had they been hostile to it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z If we seek for the force which caused this fact and this theory to coalesce in the Carolingian empire, we can only answer—the papacy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z At first sight the material of the Carolingian Cycle, which formed the basis of the most considerable narrative poems of the Renaissance, seems uncongenial to the Italians. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z Mullinger’s Schools of Charles the Great treats well of the Carolingian Revival. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z In the Western Church the title was hardly known before the 7th century, and did not become common until the Carolingian emperors revived the right of the metropolitans to summon provincial synods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 4 "Aram, Eugene" to "Arcueil" Like their territories public authority little by little slipped from the grasp of the Carolingians, largely because of their abuse of their too great power. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z Under Napoleon I. this conception had a Carolingian colour: under Napoleon III. there is less of 356 Carolingianism, and more of Caesarism—more of a popular dictatorship. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Still, in spite of these apparent drawbacks, in spite of learned scorn and polished indifference, the Carolingian Cycle had taken a firm hold upon the popular fancy. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z The movement was essentially The Carolingian revival. practical and conservative. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z In 781 Charlemagne bestowed Aquitaine upon his young son, Louis, and as Louis was generally described as a king, Aquitaine is referred to during the Carolingian period as a kingdom, and not as a duchy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" Louis’s sudden death in 954 once more placed the Carolingian line in peril, since he had not had time to have his son Lothair crowned. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z By thus seeking to dissociate the Empire from any indissoluble connexion with the Carolingian house, the popes were able to save it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The popularity of the cycle to which the Reali belonged, decided the choice of the Carolingian epic by the poets of Florence and Ferrara. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z It was to the reformation of this corrupt Latin by a return to classical models, and to the more general spread of culture, especially among clergy and nobles, that the Carolingian revival addressed itself. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z Under the kings of the third dynasty, the division of the kingdom among the sons of the dead monarch which had characterized the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties, ceased. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 3 "Apollodorus" to "Aral" At the same time the contrast between the vast proportions of the Carolingian empire and its feeble administrative control over a still uncivilized community became more and more accentuated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z The quarrels of the Carolingian house helped them to make good their claim. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z When, therefore, -438-the polite poets of the fifteenth century adopted the romantic epic from the popular rhymers, they found a mass of Carolingian tales in vogue, to which they had themselves from infancy been used. Renaissance in Italy: Italian Literature Part 1 (of 2) 2011-04-09T02:00:14.990Z The ch�telain was originally, in Carolingian times, an official of the count; with the development of feudalism the office became a fief, and so ultimately hereditary. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 8 "Chariot" to "Chatelaine" He had become a great officer under the Carolingians, and he grew still greater under the Capetian sovereigns. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" And Boniface also helped on the alliance between the papacy and the Carolingian dynasty, which, more momentous even than that between Clovis and the bishops of Gaul, was to sanctify might by right. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z On the other hand, he showed, by his policy towards the German Church, that he was the true heir of the Carolingian traditions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In Germany descendants of Pippin reigned till the death of Louis the Child in 911; in Italy the Carolingians maintained their position until the deposition of Charles the Fat in 887. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" The main work of the Carolingian renaissance was to restore Latin to its position as a literary language, and to reintroduce a correct system of spelling and an improved handwriting. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 8 "Chariot" to "Chatelaine" Stubbs says that the Carolingian chancellor was the royal notary and the arch-chancellor keeper of the royal seal. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The political results of this custom of coronation were all-important for the Carolingians, and later for the first of the Capets. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z It was reserved for the court poets of the Carolingian circle of the ninth century to restore the old lyric meters. Christian Hymns of the First Three Centuries Charles Martel, however, a son of Pippin by a concubine Chalpa�da, seized the mayoralty in both kingdoms, and he it was who continued the Carolingian dynasty. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 4 "Carnegie Andrew" to "Casus Belli" These were not originally known as the twelve peers2 famous in later Carolingian romance. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 8 "Chariot" to "Chatelaine" The model of the Carolingian court was followed by the medieval states of Western Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The new dynasty thus at first gave the impression rather of decrepitude than of youth, seeming more a continuation of the Carolingian monarchy than a new departure. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z Towards the end of the 11th century the viscounts of Carcassonne assumed the style of viscounts of B�ziers, which town and its lords they had dominated since the fall of the Carolingian empire. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" Evidently the impulse towards unity had to come from without; it began with the alliance between the Carolingians and the Papacy, and was accentuated by the recognition of the liber canonum. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" In the Carolingian period a distinction grew up between datum and actum, the former applying to the time, the latter to the place, of date. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" I cannot, however, accept the thesis of Mr. Dopsch on the importance of commerce in the Carolingian period. The Stages in the Social History of Capitalism The Carolingian sovereignty was thus neither hereditary nor elective, but was handed down by the will of the reigning king, and by a solemn acceptance of the future king on the part of the nobles. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z He then gave the capitularies of Charles the Bald, and of other Carolingian kings, either contemporaries or successors of Charles, which he had discovered in various places. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" On the other hand, the most important commodities offered for sale in the market had been subject to official examination already in Carolingian times. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 7 "Columbus" to "Condottiere" In Merovingian and Carolingian diplomas it follows the date; in other cases it closes the text. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" The original sources of this reform movement lay far back, in the time of the Carolingians. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" The work of organizing the three great Carolingian conquests—Aquitaine, Italy and Saxony—had yet to be done. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 7 "Fox, George" to "France" 2011-05-15T02:00:07.897Z A similar step was taken, in 922, in the case of Robert II., this too marking the increasing irritation felt at the weakness of the Carolingian kings. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" Moreover, those who listened to the tales of chivalry were different from those who had listened to the Carolingian stories; and, therefore, required something different. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II Still it survived in the royal chanceries, and the sovereigns both of the Merovingian and of the Carolingian lines had their seals; and, in the 8th century, the mayors of the palace likewise. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" The name of Desiderius appears in the romances of the Carolingian period. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 2 "Demijohn" to "Destructor" Its light passes to England in the middle of the seventh century, and from thence, near the end of the eighth, to the Court of Charlemagne, where it initiates the Carolingian Renaissance. The Wanderings and Homes of Manuscripts Helps for Students of History, No. 17. From Carolingian times this was designated the arch of triumph, because a cross was suspended from it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 3 "Banks" to "Bassoon" The free towns of the Netherlands and of Germany appear to have been full of this unfashionable literature: the Carolingian cycle had become democratic. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II While in Merovingian deeds the old pattern was adhered The Address. to, in the Carolingian period the address was sometimes omitted. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" After the break-up of the Carolingian empire another use of the word arose in France. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" Not less prolific are the French houses: at Tours the handwriting called the Carolingian minuscule, the parent of our modern "Roman" printing, is developed, though not at Tours alone. The Wanderings and Homes of Manuscripts Helps for Students of History, No. 17. Under the empire Arvernia formed part of Prima Aquitania, and the district shared in the fortunes of Aquitaine during the Merovingian and Carolingian periods. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 1 "Austria, Lower" to "Bacon" To such a society the strongly realistic Carolingian epic had ceased to appeal: the tales of the Welsh and Breton bards, repeated by trouvère and jongleur, troubadour and minnesinger, came as a revelation. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II The diplomas of the early Carolingians differed, as was natural, but little from those of their predecessors. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" Every vestige of Carolingian sculpture and architecture in Belgium has been destroyed. Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day Eleventh Century.—Men still live on the traditions of the Carolingian Revival in the early part: there is later an awakening, principally, perhaps, in France and Italy. The Wanderings and Homes of Manuscripts Helps for Students of History, No. 17. Since the Carolingian Epoch these regulations of the Church were often repeated, as, for example, in the Exhortation to the Christian Laity of the ninth century. Historical Introductions to the Symbolical Books of the Evangelical Lutheran Church The deeds of love are also compounded of Carolingian and Arthurian, but flavoured with special Renaissance feeling. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II On becoming king, Pippin retained it; Carolingian chancery. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" Both owed their initial power to their alliance with the Carolingian dynasty. Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day Foundation of the power of Charlemagne's family, the so-called Carolingians. An Introduction to the History of Western Europe The river which was the "revolutionary torrent" of Carrier had been the highway for the Northmen into the heart of Carolingian France. Stray Studies from England and Italy Such are the things which the Middle Ages and the Renaissance found to tell us of the two great heroes of Carolingian poetry. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II The acts of the imperial chancery of Germany followed the patterns of the Carolingian diplomas, with little variation down to the reign of Frederick Barbarossa, a.d. 1152-1190. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" It is easy to understand that, in these districts, which owed so much to the Carolingian r�gime, the Carolingian tradition had retained its prestige. Belgium From the Roman Invasion to the Present Day The counts of Paris were rich and capable, while the later Carolingians were poor and unfortunate. An Introduction to the History of Western Europe Now the Emperor is putting on his domestic robes, we said a new dress, and after the old Carolingian pattern. The Best of the World's Classics, Restricted to Prose, Vol. VIII (of X) - Continental Europe II. But, as if in compensation of the usurpation of which they had been the victims, the Carolingian tales, pushed out of the way by the Arthurian cycle, were not destined to perish. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II It was in the reign of Louis Debonair, a.d. 814-840, that the Carolingian diploma took its final shape. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 5 "Dinard" to "Dodsworth" In the Carolingian period bishops were instructed to seek out heretics and to secure their conversion, but they rarely distinguished themselves by zeal in this matter. Folkways A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals Struggle between the Carolingians and the house of Odo. An Introduction to the History of Western Europe Under the influence of this practice the classic and Carolingian name—labyrinth—was forgotten; and the new one of rues de Jerusalem, or leagues, adopted. Pagan and Christian Rome The stuff of Boiardo and Ariosto is the same: that old mediaeval stuff of the Carolingian poems, coloured, scented with Arthurian chivalry and wonder. Euphorion Being Studies of the Antique and the Mediaeval in the Renaissance - Vol. II He wanted to recall what he had read of this historic spot and the epic and romantic associations here of the most celebrated of Carolingians. Villa Elsa A Story of German Family Life In the Carolingian period, except in forged capitularies, there is very little testimony to the function of priests in weddings. Folkways A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals Hugh inherited from his ancestors the title of Duke of France, which they had enjoyed as the military representatives of the later Carolingian kings in "France," which was originally a district north of the Seine. An Introduction to the History of Western Europe The silk-weaving of the Greek craftsmen was embellished with the designs of embroidery from Damascus, and these were mingled with patterns in which the foliages of Carolingian and German origin are distinctly traceable. Illuminated Manuscripts The Carolingian cycle is neglected, save perhaps for a dozen men who have seen the Song of Roland. Avril Being Essays on the Poetry of the French Renaissance Of course the bulk of those opulent knick-knacks manufactured for the Carolingian and Ottonian Emperors, and now to be seen at Aachen, are as beastly as anything else that is made simply to be precious. Art Toward the close of the Carolingian dynasty France and Germany had become irrevocably detached; both nations suffered from internecine wars. Hero Tales and Legends of the Rhine Not until the Carolingian era do we find indications of a more stable order of things. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 17, No. 101, May, 1876 Here also, as in the Carolingian MS. already mentioned, are the nations bringing tribute, but not in the same order. Illuminated Manuscripts In the Carolingian Renaissance of the Augustine epoch of literature, Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans, takes first place. The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times We have outlined very briefly, as a work of this character requires, the principal features of the Arthurian, Carolingian, and Teutonic cycles. Legends of the Middle Ages Narrated with Special Reference to Literature and Art The Eloi, like the Carolingian kings, had decayed to a mere beautiful futility. The Time Machine But with the Carolingian dynasty came a new era. Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science Volume 17, No. 101, May, 1876 It is a small folio, and contains a great number of miniatures in the Carolingian or, perhaps more strictly, Franco-Saxon manner. Illuminated Manuscripts The Waltharius shews the influence of Virgil's language, in highly-coloured and sympathetic descriptions like those of the Latin poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance. The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times During the Carolingian epoch the custom grew up of granting these as regular heritable fiefs or benefices, and by the 10th century, before the great Cluniac reform, the system was firmly established. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 The Frank bishops were frequently appealed to as umpires among the contending Carolingian princes. Outline of Universal History He reached the house he sought, one of the simplest—in a Carolingian style. Jean-Christophe, Volume I The nude is rarely attempted, but when it is it is certainly less ugly than in Carolingian and Romanesque. Illuminated Manuscripts The Treaty of Verdun may be said to mark the first stage in the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire. Early European History Other causes assisted the process, the most potent perhaps being the chaotic condition of European society during the break-up of the Carolingian Empire and the Scandinavian and Hungarian invasions. American Political Ideas Viewed from the Standpoint of Universal History CONCLUSION.—After this dismemberment of the dominions of Charlemagne, the annals of the different branches of the Carolingian family become intricate, wearisome, and uninstructive. General History for Colleges and High Schools It is therefore worth our while to understand what a Carolingian king was, and what a Carolingian Emperor hoped to be. Medieval Europe In short, the work is of the same class as the early Carolingian. Illuminated Manuscripts Early in the tenth century the Carolingian dynasty died out in Germany, and the German nobles then proceeded to elect their own kings. Early European History Now the emperor is putting on his domestic robes, we said, a new dress, made after the old Carolingian pattern. Autobiography: Truth and Fiction Relating to My Life The Merovingian and Carolingian kings were simply German princes reigning in Gaul. General History for Colleges and High Schools A comparatively late expedient, and the first part of the Carolingian system to disappear, these tours of inspection were the one safeguard against local misgovernment and the feudalising of official power. Medieval Europe In the figure a sense of proportion has been gained, the tendency, perhaps, being rather to excessive tallness, as compared with the thick-set proportions of the Carolingian work. Illuminated Manuscripts After his death the Carolingian Empire, attacked by the Northmen and other invaders and weakened by civil conflicts, broke up into separate kingdoms. Early European History The Jews fared remarkably well under the Frankish monarchy; the Carolingians helped them in every possible way, making no account of the complaints of the bishops. Prolegomena The old Carolingian school, with its centre at Aix-la-Chapelle, is quite beyond our horizon. Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres When they ceased, the Carolingian county too often became a hereditary fief exploited for the lord's sole benefit. Medieval Europe Again, expression is improved—the faces are more intellectual—not beautiful but strong, and quite superior to the utterly expressionless faces of the Carolingian type. Illuminated Manuscripts The Treaty of Mersen may be said to mark the second stage in the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire. Early European History They were gradually superseded in power by their "Mayors of the Palace," and were succeeded by the Carolingians. Critical and Historical Essays — Volume 1 A tondu signified a slave, and even under the Carolingians to shave a prince meant to affirm his exclusion from the succession. Travels through France and Italy Under the later Carolingians it became the programme both of reformers and of mere ecclesiastical politicians. Medieval Europe It was the presence of Alcuin at the Court of Charlemagne that accounts for the prevalence of the Saxon character in the new and beautiful handwriting we now call Carolingian. Illuminated Manuscripts The history of the Northmen in France began in 911 A.D., when the Carolingian king granted to a Viking chieftain, Rollo, dominion over the region about the lower Seine. Early European History With rare insight and rarer taste he discountenanced the prevalent Merovingian hand, and substituted in eclectic hand, known as the Carolingian Minuscule, which way still be regarded as a model of clearness and elegance. Forty Centuries of Ink or, a chronological narrative concerning ink and its backgrounds, introducing incidental observations and deductions, parallels of time and color phenomena, bibliography, chemistry, poetical effusions, citations, anecdotes and curiosa together with some evidence respecting the evanescent character of most inks of to-day and an epitome of chemico-legal ink. This may appear strange, since Germany had taken the lead in repudiating the Carolingian Empire, and Henry the Fowler, who established the new German monarchy, was the reverse of an idealist. Medieval Europe Church and Empire conspired to inflame the ambitions and enlarge the schemes of Merovingian and Carolingian conquerors. Medieval Europe Thus we trace in this MS. the sources of Carolingian art. Illuminated Manuscripts European feudalism arose and flourished in the three countries which had formed the Carolingian Empire, that is, in France, Germany, and northern Italy. Early European History By the middle of the ninth century, when immunitas had been granted to all religious foundations, the Carolingians allowed the right of choosing the advocati to slip from their feeble grasp. Medieval Europe For the next sixty years the history of Europe is that of Carolingian conquests and essays in political reconstruction. Medieval Europe When we turn from this noble dream to follow the history of the Carolingian Empire, the contrast between the real and the ideal is almost grotesque. Medieval Europe From 850 to 1000 in France the Carolingian minuscule, from the first so clear and beautiful, remained with scarce a stroke of alteration. Illuminated Manuscripts The handwriting is the beautiful Carolingian minuscule which the Norman Conquest introduced into England. Early European History This system of immunity was greatly extended by the Carolingian sovereigns, but with two important changes. Medieval Europe Under the Carolingians such followers appear in the host, in the royal household, in every branch of the administration. Medieval Europe In each re-distribution of territories among Carolingian princes the lines of partition approximate more closely to the boundaries of modern nations. Medieval Europe When we come to speak of Carolingian MSS. we shall find several remarkable instances. Illuminated Manuscripts They were divided from one another by a broad belt of debatable territory, extending from Holland to the coast of Provence—the northern lands of the Carolingian Middle Kingdom. Medieval Europe |
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