| 单词 | cardiac muscle |
| 例句 | The third type of muscle is cardiac muscle. Have you ever wondered about muscles? 2015-03-20T04:00:00Z What makes cardiac muscle special is its ability to work without getting tired. Have you ever wondered about muscles? 2015-03-20T04:00:00Z The physiological significance of these findings will become clear when the functional difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle is considered. New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z The muscular system, in vertebrates, is controlled through the nervous system, although some muscles, like cardiac muscle, can be completely autonomous. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 16.17 The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z How and why did this event influence cardiac muscle contraction? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Highly coordinated contractions of cardiac muscle pump blood into the vessels of the circulatory system. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The team previously explored how cardiac muscle contractions are affected by temperature, determining that our heart can contract efficiently within the body temperature range. New evidence explains how warming-up enhances muscle performance 2023-10-25T04:00:00Z The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, an involuntary muscle tissue that is found only within this organ. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The contractions of cardiac muscle tissue pump blood throughout the body and maintain blood pressure. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate, breathing rate, cardiac muscle contractions, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This joining is called electric coupling, and in cardiac muscle it allows the quick transmission of action potentials and the coordinated contraction of the entire heart. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Located at the top of the organ, they produce a mild electrical pulse that travels down through the cardiac muscle, causing the heart’s four chambers to pulse in the familiar two-part “lub-dub” beat. Injectable electrodes could prevent deadly heart arrhythmias 2022-03-25T04:00:00Z The cardiac muscle is self-exciting, meaning it has its own conduction system. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The cells of cardiac muscle tissue are connected to each other through intercalated disks and usually have just one nucleus per cell. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 29.33 The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, visualized here using light microscopy. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This network of electrically connected cardiac muscle cells creates a functional unit of contraction called a syncytium. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z After a heart attack or other injury, scar tissue in cardiac muscle can prevent the needed electrical signals from propagating efficiently. Injectable electrodes could prevent deadly heart arrhythmias 2022-03-25T04:00:00Z Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle cells contain only one nucleus. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Cardiomyocytes are distinctive muscle cells that are striated like skeletal muscle but pump rhythmically and involuntarily like smooth muscle; adjacent cells are connected by intercalated disks found only in cardiac muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is striated, but unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cannot be consciously controlled and is called involuntary muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Contraction in each cardiac muscle fiber is triggered by Ca++ ions in a similar manner as skeletal muscle, but here the Ca++ ions come from SR and through voltage-gated calcium channels in the sarcolemma. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z His condition stems from a mutation in a gene that provides instructions for making dystrophin, a protein primarily in muscles used for movement and cardiac muscle. With CRISPR gene editing, unique treatments begin to take off for rare diseases 2022-02-05T05:00:00Z Once it was in place, he would inject a dye into the arteries that provide blood to the cardiac muscle. Was He Really Having a Heart Attack? 2022-02-03T05:00:00Z The responses include increased heart rate, breathing rate, cardiac muscle contractions, and blood- glucose levels. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Made of specialized and unique cardiac muscle, it pumps blood throughout the body and to the heart itself. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Pacemaker cells stimulate the spontaneous contraction of cardiac muscle as a functional unit, called a syncytium. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, deprives cardiac muscle cells of oxygen, causing them to perish. Cells or Drugs? The Race to Regenerate the Heart 2021-12-03T05:00:00Z Conklin’s team, for example, coaxed reprogrammed stem cells, derived from the skin of healthy donors, to form cardiac muscle cells—and found that the virus attacked these cells with gusto. COVID’s Cardiac Connection 2021-12-02T05:00:00Z The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z For example, researchers have been trying to find a way to get damaged cardiac muscle to repair itself. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 3.20 Multinucleate Muscle Cell Unlike cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells, which have a single nucleus, a skeletal muscle cell contains many nuclei, and is referred to as “multinucleated.” Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Meanwhile, another heart-healing strategy has emerged, drawing inspiration from species that, unlike humans, can regrow cardiac muscle after trauma. Cells or Drugs? The Race to Regenerate the Heart 2021-12-03T05:00:00Z The coronavirus can infect cardiac muscle, as well as the lining of blood vessels, putting the heart and other organs at risk of long-term damage. How Often Do Covid Vaccines Cause Heart Problems in Kids? 2021-11-01T04:00:00Z His Ph.D. thesis, a study of cardiovascular function, was titled "A mathematical approach to cardiac muscle physiology." Here comes trouble: an anti-tobacco hero’s complicated legacy 2021-08-14T04:00:00Z The pumping of the heart is a function of the cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, that make up the heart muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The cells of cardiac muscle, known as cardiomyocytes, also appear striated under the microscope. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z They pre-treated adult mice with a daily injection of a protein called thymosin β4 for one week before inducing an infarction, and found that these mice were able to produce new cardiac muscle. Cells or Drugs? The Race to Regenerate the Heart 2021-12-03T05:00:00Z As another example, Asp and colleagues described a previously unknown human equivalent of a subpopulation of cardiac muscle cells found in mice that expresses high levels of the gene Myoz210. Techniques converge to map the developing human heart at single-cell level 2020-01-26T05:00:00Z One cardiac muscle and countless smooth visceral muscles operate automatically within—the unseen engines of life. How to Control a Machine with Your Brain 2018-11-19T05:00:00Z The autonomous beating of cardiac muscle cells is regulated by the heart’s internal pacemaker that uses electrical signals to time the beating of the heart. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The cardiac muscle pumps blood through the body and is under involuntary control. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In cardiac muscle, a crucial target for treatment, levels climbed to as high as 92 percent of normal. CRISPR Gene Editing Shows Promise for Treating a Fatal Muscle Disease 2018-10-29T04:00:00Z And in cardiac muscle, a crucial target for treatment, levels climbed to as high as 92 percent of normal. CRISPR Gene Editing Shows Promise for Treating a Fatal Muscle Disease 2018-08-30T04:00:00Z The transplant surgeons had clipped some pieces of Astrea’s cardiac muscle. Every Cell in Your Body Has the Same DNA. Except It Doesn’t. 2018-05-21T04:00:00Z It is an electrical impulse that starts in cardiac muscle cells at the sinoatrial node. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Why can smooth muscles contract over a wider range of resting lengths than skeletal and cardiac muscle? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z After a heart attack, when cardiac muscle cells are injured by lack of oxygen, their damaged mitochondria release molecules called reactive oxygen species. Cells Talk and Help One Another via Tiny Tube Networks 2018-05-07T04:00:00Z One option researchers hope to develop is to use stem cells to grow new cardiac muscle. What will medicine be able to do with hearts? 2017-12-04T05:00:00Z Along with cardiac muscle and smooth muscle, skeletal muscle is one of the three main muscle types, and is mostly found attached to bones via the bundles of collagen known as tendons. Chimps' strength secrets explained - BBC News 2017-06-26T04:00:00Z It is the excitation of cardiac muscle cells at the atrioventricular node followed by the sinoatrial node. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 4.2 Four Types of Tissue: Body The four types of tissues are exemplified in nervous tissue, stratified squamous epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and connective tissue in small intestine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The sleeve - made of material that mimics heart muscle - hugs the outside of the heart and squeezes it, mimicking the action of cardiac muscle. Robotic sleeve 'hugs' failing hearts - BBC News 2017-01-18T05:00:00Z Cells from these lines developed into cardiac muscle and connective tissue, which also showed fluctuating levels of the foreign DNA in their mitochondria, sometimes reaching 100%. Why ‘three-parent embryo’ procedure could fail 2016-05-19T04:00:00Z A small molecule that reduces cardiac muscle contraction prevents a certain type of heart disease in mice. A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice | Science 2016-02-04T05:00:00Z Smooth muscle tissue is also called non-striated as it lacks the banded appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, cardiac muscle fibers are shorter than skeletal muscle fibers and usually contain only one nucleus, which is located in the central region of the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For example, in 2009 scientists revealed in Science that about 0.3 to 1 percent of human cardiac muscle cells regenerated each year. Fossil Fuel Burning Obscures Radiocarbon Dates 2015-07-21T04:00:00Z Heart failure occurs when cardiac muscle is no longer able to sufficiently pump blood. Could a Drink a Day Lower Your Risk for Heart Failure? 2015-01-19T05:00:00Z A small molecule that reduces cardiac muscle contraction prevents a certain type of heart disease in mice. A small-molecule inhibitor of sarcomere contractility suppresses hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice | Science 2016-02-04T05:00:00Z Cardiac muscle tissue also has intercalated discs, specialized regions running along the plasma membrane that join adjacent cardiac muscle cells and assist in passing an electrical impulse from cell to cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z An intercalated disc allows the cardiac muscle cells to contract in a wave-like pattern so that the heart can work as a pump. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Marbán says that his method is simpler than other biological approaches to steady irregularly beating hearts, such as inducing cardiac muscle cells to a pluripotent state, then coaxing them to differentiate into pacemaker cells. Gene therapy creates biological pacemaker 2014-07-15T04:00:00Z "This is the first time that the effects have been directly measured and although the results varied from person to person we consistently saw changes in the cardiac muscle," he said. Stressful films 'endanger the heart' 2014-05-15T04:00:00Z But the runners’ hearts also showed signs of some cardiac muscle scarring. Well: Can You Get Too Much Exercise? 2013-07-24T04:08:39Z Like skeletal muscle, it has cross striations in its cells, but cardiac muscle has a single, centrally located nucleus. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A gap junction forms channels between adjacent cardiac muscle fibers that allow the depolarizing current produced by cations to flow from one cardiac muscle cell to the next. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Furthermore, a significantly larger zone of cardiac muscle was found at the endocardium in matrix-injected pigs compared to controls. [Research Articles] Safety and Efficacy of an Injectable Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel for Treating Myocardial Infarction 2013-02-20T19:25:10.613Z Surgeon Ludwig Rehn sliced through his ribs, using finger pressure to control bleeding and a needle and silk thread to suture the cardiac muscle. Healing High-Stakes Heart Problems 2012-12-03T20:15:00Z "Patients treated with iPS cells: Harvard University team injects cardiac muscle cells into 6 people," read a 12 October headline in the English edition of a prominent Japanese newspaper. Breakthrough Stem Cell Results Called Into Question 2012-10-12T20:57:47Z An added feature to cardiac muscle cells is a line than extends along the end of the cell as it abuts the next cardiac cell in the row. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Another feature of cardiac muscle is its relatively long action potentials in its fibers, having a sustained depolarization “plateau.” Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Its chief usefulness is in steadying the decompensated heart, improving the conduction of impulses, and increasing the tone of the cardiac muscle. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z As there was a slight tendency to irregular heart action also, I was inclined to think that there must be some cardiac muscle trouble. Psychotherapy 2011-06-19T02:00:20.053Z The findings “will mark a renaissance of interest in the genetics of cardiac muscle growth control because of the potential therapeutic applications,” said Michael D. Schneider, a heart biology expert at Imperial College in London. Hippo, Warts and Other Thugs of the Genetic Realm 2011-04-25T22:20:53Z However, the loss of internal equilibrium due to positive feedback can be detrimental; for example, a small area of damaged heart tissue can precipitate a heart attack which, in turn, damages even more cardiac muscle. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The plateau is produced by Ca++ entry though voltage-gated calcium channels in the sarcolemma of cardiac muscle fibers. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z "But we are showing that this process is not unique to skeletal muscle, it also happens in cardiac muscle," he said. Exercise preserves, builds heart muscle 2011-04-02T23:44:50Z Now those early results are pointing researchers toward other types of stem cells that may be better suited to help repair cardiac muscle. A cardiac use for stem cells 2011-02-18T22:03:04Z “We would propose using it in amputations of a limb or part of a limb or in cardiac muscle.” Two New Paths to the Dream: Regeneration 2010-08-06T03:06:00Z The heart possesses endocrine cells in the walls of the atria that are specialized cardiac muscle cells. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A dense body is analogous to the Z-discs of skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers and is fastened to the sarcolemma. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Thereafter follows the most important effect of the drug, which is a direct stimulation of the cardiac muscle. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" He had also longed hopelessly to give her approximately a pound of flesh—the cardiac muscle, to put it in cold, unromantic terms. The Ego Machine It has no action in any way resembling digitalis; by increasing the irritability of the cardiac muscle, its prolonged use rather tends to fatigue than to rest the heart. All About Coffee Gap junctions are particularly important in cardiac muscle: The electrical signal for the muscle to contract is passed efficiently through gap junctions, allowing the heart muscle cells to contract in tandem. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Pericytes allow smooth muscle cells to regenerate and repair much more readily than skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This can be proved to occur in a heart so embryonic that no nerves can be recognized in it, and in portions of cardiac muscle that contain neither nervecells nor nerve-fibres. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" This is exhibited typically by cardiac muscle, though it is not unknown even in nerve. Response in the Living and Non-Living Extreme exercise also, to a certain degree, exerts a favorable influence on the cardiac muscle, augmenting both its nutrition and its capacity for labor. Scientific American Supplement, No. 821, September 26, 1891 Other cells that never or rarely divide, such as mature cardiac muscle and nerve cells, remain in G0 permanently. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Similar to skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle does not regenerate to a great extent. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It is always more rapid in children than in adults, and generally diminishes in frequence after the age of 60, unless there is cardiac weakness or some cardiac muscle degeneration. Disturbances of the Heart With the cardiac muscle, for example, there is a certain minimal intensity which is effective in producing response, but further increase of stimulus produces no increase in response. Response in the Living and Non-Living For example, skeletal muscle contracts to move the skeleton, cardiac muscle is influenced as heart rate increases during exercise, and smooth muscle contracts as the digestive system moves food along the digestive tract. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The motor output extends to smooth and cardiac muscle as well as glandular tissue. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Dead cardiac muscle tissue is replaced by scar tissue, which cannot contract. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because of its tendency to raise blood pressure and weaken cardiac muscle, tobacco is entirely forbidden at Nauheim, except in a few individual instances, and then the amount allowed is a minimum one. Disturbances of the Heart Unlike skeletal or smooth muscles, cardiac muscle is intrinsically active, meaning that it generates its own action potentials. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This phenomenon accounts for the long refractory periods required for the cardiac muscle cells to pump blood effectively before they are capable of firing for a second time. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The large QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles, which requires a much stronger electrical signal because of the larger size of the ventricular cardiac muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It may be taken for granted, however, that hardly any serious illness can long continue without cardiac muscle disturbance. Disturbances of the Heart The middle and thickest layer is the myocardium, made largely of cardiac muscle cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Their influx through slow calcium channels accounts for the prolonged plateau phase and absolute refractory period that enable cardiac muscle to function properly. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 19.7 Heart Musculature The swirling pattern of cardiac muscle tissue contributes significantly to the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z How are cardiac muscle cells similar to and different from skeletal muscle cells? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z As blood returns to the heart more quickly, preload rises and the Frank-Starling principle tells us that contraction of the cardiac muscle in the atria and ventricles will be more forceful. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Recall that cardiac muscle shares a few characteristics with both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, but it has some unique properties of its own. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Even though cardiac muscle has autorhythmicity, heart rate is modulated by the endocrine and nervous systems. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are two major types of cardiac muscle cells: myocardial contractile cells and myocardial conducting cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Only very few cell types in the body do not divide, including nerve cells, skeletal muscle fibers, and cardiac muscle cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Therefore, there are one-half as many T tubules in cardiac muscle as in skeletal muscle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In addition to their stimulatory effects on HR, they also bind to both alpha and beta receptors on the cardiac muscle cell membrane to increase metabolic rate and the force of contraction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Why is the plateau phase so critical to cardiac muscle function? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Hypoxia involving cardiac muscle or brain tissue can lead to cell death and severe impairment of brain or heart function. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Attached cells form long, branching cardiac muscle fibers that are, essentially, a mechanical and electrochemical syncytium allowing the cells to synchronize their actions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Also, cardiac muscle tissue is only modulated by autonomic inputs, so the conflicting information from both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic fibers will cause arrhythmias. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z |
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