| 单词 | adenine |
| 例句 | More over, the proportion of adenine and thymine groups varied with their biological origin. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z It came while I was drawing the fused rings of adenine on paper. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Also pleasing was the great accuracy of the data, which illustrated better than any previous analytical work the equality of adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z That night, however, I could not see why the common tautomeric form of guanine would not hydrogen- bond to adenine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Suddenly I realized the potentially profound implications of a DNA structure in which the adenine residue formed hydrogen bonds similar to those found in crystals of pure adenine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z For over two hours I happily lay awake with pairs of adenine residues whirling in front of my closed eyes. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z In fact, when I was away in the Alps he had spent a week trying to prove experimentally that in water solutions there were attractive forces between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z “Suddenly I became aware that an adenine thymine pair was identical in shape to a guanine cytosine pair...no fudging was required to make the two types of base pairs identical in shape.” The Gene 2016-06-02T00:00:00Z Conceivably, adenine equaled thymine because of a yet undiscovered role in the ordering of the bases. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z This was no reason, however, not to tell Maurice that conceivably adenine was attracted to thymine and guanine to cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Several days later, when they bumped into each other in the Cavendish tea queue, Francis learned that a semirigorous argument hinted that adenine and thymine should stick to each other by their flat surfaces. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z If DNA was like this, each adenine residue would form two hydrogen bonds to an adenine residue related to it by a 180-degree rotation. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Furthermore, the hydrogen-bonding requirement meant that adenine would always pair with thymine, while guanine could pair only with cytosine. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z Always pairing adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine meant that the base sequences of the two intertwined chains were complementary to each other. Double Helix 1968-02-27T00:00:00Z "Upon introduction of this small molecule, the two separate inactive fragments of the adenine base editor are glued together and rendered active," Zeng said. Split gene-editing tool offers greater precision 2023-09-21T04:00:00Z Huntington’s is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by excess repetitions of three building blocks of DNA — cytosine, adenine, and guanine — on a gene called huntingtin. Sought Out by Science, and Then Forgotten 2023-05-23T04:00:00Z Once elongation is complete, an enzyme then adds a string of approximately 200 adenine residues to the 3' end, called the poly-A tail. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Rather than inducing random changes in the virus’ RNA genome, the drug is more likely to cause specific nucleic acid substitutions, with guanine switching to adenine and cytosine to uracil. Could a popular COVID-19 antiviral supercharge the pandemic? 2023-02-01T05:00:00Z But if the proton does not make it back by the time the two DNA strands separate—the first step of DNA replication—the cytosine might bind to a different base, adenine, rather than guanine. Quantum Tunneling Makes DNA More Unstable 2022-09-21T04:00:00Z These bases form complementary base pairs consisting of one purine and one pyrimidine, with adenine pairing with thymine, and cytosine with guanine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z UV-c can be used to mutate a strain of yeast in which the synthesis of adenine is blocked. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z RNA nucleotides contain the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These electrons are in a high-energy state and are transported to NAD+, also known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z RNA contains ribose, one phosphate group, and one nitrogen-containing base, but the “choices” of base for RNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are different potential ways to store this information in DNA - for example, a zero in binary code could be represented by the bases adenine or cytosine and the one represented by guanine or thymine. Scientists claim big advance in using DNA to store data 2021-12-01T05:00:00Z Transition substitution refers to a purine or pyrimidine being replaced by a base of the same kind; for example, a purine such as adenine may be replaced by the purine guanine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Recall that adenine nucleotides pair with thymine nucleotides, and cytosine with guanine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z ATP consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z This means that adenine will always pair up with uracil during the protein synthesis process. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z But instead of encoding that data as zeros and ones as computers do, the basic building blocks for DNA are the nucleotides adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine — A, T, C, and G for short. Star Trek creator’s signature will live long and prosper in new NFT 2021-11-30T05:00:00Z Transversion substitution refers to a purine being replaced by a pyrimidine, or vice versa; for example, cytosine, a pyrimidine, is replaced by adenine, a purine. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is the basis for Chargaff’s rule; because of their complementarity, there is as much adenine as thymine in a DNA molecule and as much guanine as cytosine. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or NADP+, is one such electron carrier. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The “choices” of base for DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To do so, researchers typically convert a data file’s string of digital 1s and 0s into combinations of the molecule’s four bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Scientists ‘program’ living bacteria to store data 2021-01-11T05:00:00Z The amount of adenine and thymine is equal to guanine and cytosine and is found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Guanine became adenine, for instance; cytosine became thymine. Column One: Comet tails and a Trojan horse: One laboratory's hunt for a COVID-19 vaccine 2020-11-13T05:00:00Z The nucleotides that make up DNA have four types of nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z They were able to find many well-known pathways, such as ten ways to create the DNA component adenine. Daily briefing: What a ski resort outbreak can teach us about travel restrictions 2020-09-30T04:00:00Z The last, methylated adenine, is mired in controversy about whether it exists in mammals. Controversial DNA modification could play key role in placenta development 2020-07-23T04:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and they are not found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Each letter represents a chemical — adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine — known as a nucleotide. Column One: Comet tails and a Trojan horse: One laboratory's hunt for a COVID-19 vaccine 2020-11-13T05:00:00Z In such mutations, a single DNA base—adenine, cytosine, thymine, or guanine—is replaced by one that disrupts a needed protein or otherwise impairs the power plant. New method to edit cell’s ‘powerhouse’ DNA could help study variety of genetic diseases 2020-07-08T04:00:00Z Previous DNA storage approaches treated the four key DNA components known as bases—adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine—like electronic bits, the 1s and 0s that encode digital data. “Punch Card” DNA Could Mean Cheaper High-Capacity Data Storage 2020-04-08T04:00:00Z The researchers showed that when they inhibited a protein that removes adenine’s methyl groups, causing methyladenine to accumulate, tumor growth slowed. Controversial DNA modification could play key role in placenta development 2020-07-23T04:00:00Z When these patients are exposed to UV light, the adjacent adenine forms dimers and they are not able to repair this defect. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The fundamental building blocks of DNA are the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. DNA tool could correct 89% of genetic defects 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z Organic chemists have created in the lab the nucleobases, adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine — known as A, U, C and G — that could have served as the building blocks of RNA on an early Earth. Daily briefing: At 15, graphene is ready for prime time 2019-10-06T04:00:00Z Part of this gene contains repeated segments for three of the letters of the DNA code—cytosine, adenine and guanine, which are known as CAG repeats. Antisense Drugs for Huntington’s, ALS and Prion Diseases Could Meet the Dire Need for Brain Treatments 2019-08-15T04:00:00Z But even if the discovery is confirmed, Peng says he is leery of calling the modified adenine an addition to the genetic code. Controversial DNA modification could play key role in placenta development 2020-07-23T04:00:00Z The fragment exposed to UV light contains adenine dimers. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Their teams focused on one mRNA modification called m6A: a methyl group—a simple chemical unit—attached to some of an RNA molecule’s adenine bases. Hidden layer of gene control influences everything from cancer to memory 2019-07-01T04:00:00Z A second base editor, also from Liu’s team, that converts adenine to guanine introduced no such mistakes. CRISPR offshoot still makes mistakes editing DNA, raising concerns about its medical use 2019-02-28T05:00:00Z Another drug candidate involves a coenzyme called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or N.A.D. How Long Can People Live? 2018-11-20T05:00:00Z Those building blocks—cytosine, uracil, adenine, and guanine—have previously been re-created in the lab from other starting materials. Chemists find a recipe that may have jump-started life on Earth 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z He found that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine, or A = T and G = C. This is also known as Chargaff’s rules. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Schmidt and colleagues found that the snippets were rich in adenine and thymine nucleotides, and often came from either one of the two ends of an RNA transcript. CRISPR tool puts RNA on the record 2018-10-02T04:00:00Z While it was not the only strain to do so, the chemical these microbes produced was unusual, boasting a structure similar to one of the key components of DNA, called adenine. Common human skin bacteria could protect against cancer, say researchers 2018-02-28T05:00:00Z Eliciting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion reverses fatty liver disease in mice. Enhancing mitochondrial proteostasis reduces amyloid-β proteotoxicity 2017-12-05T05:00:00Z While the deamination of adenine yields inosine, which is treated as guanine by polymerases, no enzymes are known to deaminate adenine in DNA. Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z The base pairs are stabilized by hydrogen bonds; adenine and thymine form two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The presence of N1 methyl groups on adenine bases was thought to be widespread in messenger RNAs. Epitranscriptomics: Shrinking maps of RNA modifications 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z The enzyme was able to rearrange atoms in adenine to change it into an inosine, which the cell reads as a guanine. CRISPR hacks enable pinpoint repairs to genome 2017-10-24T04:00:00Z The enzyme needed is an adenine deaminase that works on DNA. Gene editing takes another step forward 2017-10-25T04:00:00Z Base editing alters the fundamental building blocks of DNA: the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. 'Chemical surgery' performed on embryos 2017-09-28T04:00:00Z The poly-A tail, which is attached to the 3' end, is usually composed of a series of adenine nucleotides. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The vast chains of DNA in each cell are made of just four molecules — adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine — arranged in enormously varied configurations. Who needs hard drives? Scientists store film clip in DNA 2017-07-12T04:00:00Z Fritz Rottman, an organic chemist at Michigan State University in East Lansing, was trying to understand the role of RNA in regulating gene expression when he stumbled across a methyl group on adenine. An epigenetics gold rush: new controls for gene expression 2017-02-21T05:00:00Z But this route hasn’t been shown to give rise to adenine or guanine, RNA’s purine building blocks. ‘RNA world’ inches closer to explaining origins of life 2016-05-12T04:00:00Z The process of borrowing a bacterial enzyme to control nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations in mammalian cells is discussed. Complementation of mitochondrial electron transport chain by manipulation of the NAD+/NADH ratio | Science 2016-04-07T04:00:00Z The ATP molecule consists of a ribose sugar and an adenine base with three phosphates attached. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This chemical penetrates cells, where it reacts with two of the four RNA nucleotides — adenine and cytosine — but only when they are in an unpaired state. A cellular puzzle: The weird and wonderful architecture of RNA 2015-07-21T04:00:00Z All of the proteins in the body are coded in recipes in DNA’s four-letter code – adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine – on double-helix-shaped molecules in the chromosomes that are deep within every human cell. In The Book Of Life, A Second Map Is Deciphered 2015-02-24T05:00:00Z Referring to 38,765.05 daltons as corresponding uniquely to a DNA strand containing the subunits 43 adenine, 28 guanine, 19 cytosine and 35 thymine was a simplification for illustrative purposes. Readers Respond to "The World Without Free Will" 2014-09-21T04:00:00Z The process of borrowing a bacterial enzyme to control nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations in mammalian cells is discussed. Complementation of mitochondrial electron transport chain by manipulation of the NAD+/NADH ratio | Science 2016-04-07T04:00:00Z An ATP nucleotide molecule consists of a five-carbon sugar, the nitrogenous base adenine, and three phosphate groups. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The drug is classified as a nucleoside analogue, a relative of adenine, meaning that it’s small and might be stable enough to ship and stockpile where needed. Do We Have Any Drugs To Treat Ebola? 2014-07-30T04:00:00Z It simplified each to a flat plank, making cytosine, for instance, indistinguishable from adenine. Column: Animated science 2013-10-09T17:20:46.633Z Among the atoms in DNA are four—cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine—that are used to store the information in our genes and in the researchers’ books. What if Big Data is Too Big? A Radical Solution May Be in DNA 2012-11-28T15:52:46Z A compound of adenine, ribose, and phosphoric acid was found in yeast, blood, and in skeletal muscle of mammals. History of Phosphorus Adenosine is a nucleoside consisting of the nitrogenous base adenine and a five-carbon sugar, ribose. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and are not found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The amount of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine varies from species to species and is found in equal quantities. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z They then translated the code into the DNA: Zeros were encoded in guanine and thymine, ones in adenine and cytosine. What if Big Data is Too Big? A Radical Solution May Be in DNA 2012-11-28T15:52:46Z |
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