| 单词 | bromine |
| 例句 | They found that if they cleaned an infected wound with chemicals such as carbolic acid, bromine, nitric acid, and iodine, they could sometimes heal it. Ambushed! 2021-10-12T00:00:00Z But it was founded and funded by four chemical manufacturers, including Albemarle, to influence the debate about flame retardants made with bromine. Fear fans flames for chemical makers 2012-05-06T05:00:00Z An official from Burson-Marsteller, the global public relations firm that helps run the organization, said the bromine group is not misleading anyone because regulators, scientists and other stakeholders are well-aware it represents industry. Fear fans flames for chemical makers 2012-05-06T05:00:00Z The bromine group, Brace said, paid for him to go to Japan, Korea and Taiwan, where he urged electronics manufacturers to add flame retardants to the plastic exteriors of computer monitors and televisions. Big Tobacco wins fire marshals as allies in flame retardant push 2012-05-08T05:00:00Z The southern U.S. state, just north of Louisiana, has a royalty structure for bromine, which Albemarle has long produced there, but not for lithium, which could delay development in the short term. Exclusive: Exxon aims to begin lithium production by 2026 in Arkansas 2023-11-11T05:00:00Z That’s because liquid water in the upper atmosphere gives a place for chlorine and bromine to perch and then eat away at the ozone layer, making the annual fall hole bigger, Newman said. Ozone hole is about average size, despite undersea volcano eruption that was expected to worsen it 2023-11-01T04:00:00Z If the tests are successful, the company could essentially bolt on DLE equipment to its bromine operations. Albemarle jumps into global race to reinvent lithium production 2023-08-03T04:00:00Z By partnering with Exxon, Tetra gains a large partner with capital to help it produce bromine, which is used in flame retardants, from the acreage. Exclusive: Exxon Mobil expands lithium bet with Tetra Technologies deal 2023-06-28T04:00:00Z It can track ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, bromine, and organic molecules such as formaldehyde, as well as tiny airborne particles called aerosols. Satellite network will monitor air pollution in near real time 2023-04-04T04:00:00Z Freshwater means less corrosion of metal pumps and pipes, and less risk in using ozone to purify the water; in saltwater, ozone can cause the buildup of toxic bromine. Oceans away: Is raising salmon on land the next big thing in farming fish? 2023-02-09T05:00:00Z That bromine and chlorine levels “stopped growing and is coming down is a real testament to the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol,” Newman said. UN says ozone layer slowly healing, hole to mend by 2066 2023-01-09T05:00:00Z Chlorine and bromine chemicals high in the atmosphere eat at Earth’s protective ozone layer. Ozone hole grows this year, but still shrinking in general 2022-10-13T04:00:00Z Both reactions result in bromine being incorporated into the structure of the product. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The halides are so named because the anions include the halogen elements chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc. Physical Geology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Sales rose in the company's bromine division, which sells chemicals for fire extinguishers and other products, and fell in the catalysts division, which sells materials for oil refineries. Albemarle boosts 2021 forecast on rising global lithium demand 2021-11-03T04:00:00Z An unusual feature of the toxic molecule is the presence of bromine, which is scarce in lakes and rarely found in cyanobacteria. After more than 2 decades of searching, scientists finger cause of mass eagle deaths 2021-03-25T04:00:00Z Decades ago atmospheric chemists noticed that chlorine and bromine was increasing in the atmosphere, warning of massive crop damages, food shortages and huge increases in skin cancer if something wasn’t done. Ozone hole grows this year, but still shrinking in general 2022-10-13T04:00:00Z It reacts explosively with oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, less readily with bromine, and much less readily with iodine, sulfur, and nitrogen. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The bromine nightmare is of giving up — of watching aliens’ missiles approach, of having control of point-defence systems, of thinking: why bother? Halogen nightmares 2020-09-01T04:00:00Z The consensus among infectious disease experts is that pool water is not inherently risky, especially when the water is treated properly with chlorine or bromine and maintenance is kept up. How to Share Your Backyard Pool 2020-06-20T04:00:00Z These don’t contain chlorine or bromine, and so they don’t damage the ozone layer. The chemists policing Earth’s atmosphere for rogue pollution 2020-01-21T05:00:00Z Each year, an ozone hole forms during the Southern Hemisphere’s late winter as the sun’s rays initiate chemical reactions between the ozone molecules and man-made chemically active forms of chlorine and bromine. The 2019 ozone hole is the smallest on record since its discovery, but there’s a catch 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z On a microscopic level, how does the reaction of bromine with a saturated hydrocarbon differ from its reaction with an unsaturated hydrocarbon? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The company also reported preliminary third quarter adjusted profit of $1.53 per share hit by weakness in its lithium unit, which offset results from its bromine and catalysts units. Albemarle cuts 2019 forecast on lithium price pressure 2019-10-24T04:00:00Z Some heavier elements like gallium and bromine need something more, such as a supernova. Some of the universe’s heavier elements are created by neutron star collisions 2019-10-23T04:00:00Z This involves chlorine and bromine from man-made objects being released into the stratosphere which then destroys the molecules in the ozone. Ozone hole is the smallest on record due to 'rare event,' NASA says 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z These molecules also contained bromine, which changes how the molecules, and essentially the skin, interacts with light. How Sharks Glow to Each Other Deep in the Ocean 2019-08-08T04:00:00Z On a microscopic level, how does the reaction of bromine with an alkene differ from its reaction with an alkyne? Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The new electrode material includes bromine and chlorine, and it ends up protected from the water-based electrolyte by locking reactive electrode materials in solid salt particles around the electrode. New generation of lithium-ion batteries could hold more charge—without catching fire 2019-05-08T04:00:00Z It is often composed of cheap, common elements such as iodine, lead and bromine, and has been the darling of solar energy research for the past 10 years. Caffeine Peps Up Solar Energy 2019-04-25T04:00:00Z In Arkansas, Standard Lithium Ltd is developing a pilot project to extract lithium from the bromine waste of a Lanxess AG chemical facility. Exclusive: United States sets sights on China in new electric... 2019-04-05T04:00:00Z He is building instruments for the plane that will measure how chlorine and bromine react in the stratosphere, where they eat away at the protective ozone layer. High-flying pseudosatellites get their day in the sun 2019-02-11T05:00:00Z Since bromine is nonpolar, and, thus, not very soluble in water, the water layer is only slightly discolored by the bright orange bromine dissolved in it. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z The electrons travel back through the external circuit to the cathode, where bromine and chlorine atoms grab them and end up with a negative charge. New generation of lithium-ion batteries could hold more charge—without catching fire 2019-05-08T04:00:00Z The plant is one of ICL’s core assets, producing potash that goes into fertilizers, bromine for flame retardants and other products sold for billions of dollars worldwide. Israel seeks early re-tender of mining rights to shore up Dead Sea 2018-08-12T04:00:00Z State researchers who found it were originally seeking the reasons for high bromine levels in the river. North Carolina editorial roundup 2018-06-06T04:00:00Z They discovered high concentrations of hazardous elements including antimony, barium, bromine, cadmium, chromium, lead and selenium. Second-hand toys 'could harm children' 2018-01-26T05:00:00Z Fluorine, chlorine, and bromine react directly with hydrogen to form the respective hydrogen halide. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Unni, C. K. & Bender, M. L. Origin of chlorine and bromine in the oceans. Halogens in chondritic meteorites and terrestrial accretion 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z It is the world’s sixth-largest producer of potash and supplies about a third of the world’s bromine, used in fire retardants. Israel seeks early re-tender of mining rights to shore up Dead Sea 2018-08-12T04:00:00Z The Israeli Dead Sea Works extracts potash, bromine, caustic soda, magnesium, and table salt from the southern end of the Dead Sea using these evaporation pans. Satellite eye on Earth: October – in pictures 2017-11-28T05:00:00Z Ten failed this test because they were secreting too much bromine, cadmium or lead. Second-hand toys 'could harm children' 2018-01-26T05:00:00Z Oxygen compounds with chlorine, bromine, and iodine are oxides because oxygen is the more electronegative element in these compounds. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Warmer-than-usual weather conditions in the stratosphere are to thank for the shrinkage since 2016, as the warmer air helped fend off chemicals like chlorine and bromine that eat away at the ozone layer, scientists said. The Earth’s ozone hole is shrinking and is the smallest it has been since 1988 2017-11-03T04:00:00Z There are gorgeous sequences of stills from high-definition video, such as one showing the hellish cauldron created when aluminium meets bromine. Chemistry: Explosive moments in the laboratory : Nature : Nature Research 2017-10-10T04:00:00Z Next he hopes to analyze the evaporation of early Earth's more difficult-to-detect elements, like chlorine, bromine and iodine. How Earth’s hellish birth deprived us of silver and gold 2017-09-27T04:00:00Z ICL, controlled by holding company Israel Corp, produces about a third of the world's bromine and is the sixth-largest potash producer. ICL says level of damage caused by desert spill still unknown 2017-07-02T04:00:00Z These are the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z When the elemental form of mercury in the atmosphere encounters reactive chemicals like bromine ejected from the ocean via sea spray, it forms what researchers call “reactive gaseous mercury” molecules. World War II, Opium Wars recorded in ocean’s corals 2016-05-31T04:00:00Z During discharge in his hydrogen bromine battery, gaseous hydrogen is oxidized at the negative electrode, producing an ion that passes through the membrane and reacts with the bromine. Electrochemistry: Liquid assets : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The other, however, contained bromine, a toxic compound that also readily corrodes steel and other materials commonly used to contain the liquid electrolyte and pipe it around. A cleaner, greener way to store solar and wind energy 2015-09-24T04:00:00Z And Devi thinks the ship is short on bromine, which she can't understand. Verge Fiction: An excerpt from Kim Stanley Robinson's Aurora 2015-08-29T04:00:00Z The commercial preparation of bromine involves the oxidation of bromide ion by chlorine: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z They do allow a few chemicals to remain at a higher concentration: magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, bromine chloride and sodium chloride—all salts. Road De-Icing Fluids May Contain Unhealthy Chemicals 2015-03-05T05:00:00Z To find a cheaper alternative, Wang is working on zinc bromine batteries. Electrochemistry: Liquid assets : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-27T04:00:00Z The Harvard team realized that a possible bromine replacement was a charge-carrying molecule called ferrocyanide, which sounds dangerous but is actually used as a food additive. A cleaner, greener way to store solar and wind energy 2015-09-24T04:00:00Z So, in 1989, when chemists experimenting at a nuclear accelerator in Vancouver observed that a reaction between bromine and muonium—a hydrogen isotope—slowed down when they increased the temperature, they were flummoxed. Chemists Confirm the Existence of New Type of Bond 2015-01-28T05:00:00Z Chlorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than bromine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As you read this article, you are probably surrounded by bromine - in the chair or sofa you are sitting on. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Outside, you might find aluminum or magnesium alloys making up your phone’s housing, but if it’s plastic it might have a flame retardant compound that includes bromine. The iPhone 6 Is Really Made Up Of These Elements 2014-09-16T04:00:00Z In the team’s previous battery, both the quinone and bromine were dissolved in acidic solutions. A cleaner, greener way to store solar and wind energy 2015-09-24T04:00:00Z Man-made chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, released chlorine and bromine, which destroyed ozone molecules high in the air. Earth’s protective ozone layer is beginning to recover, a U.N. panel reports Liquid bromine has a high vapor pressure, and the reddish vapor is readily visible in Figure 18.60. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Yet the bromine industry claims it is the victim of "chemophobia" - an irrational public prejudice against chemicals borne out of ignorance and misinformation. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Physicists from University of Basel in Switzerland took a towards the next generation of atomic-scale storage devices by putting 20 single bromine atoms on an insulated surface at room temperature. Two New Discoveries With Atoms Pave Way For Invention 2014-07-25T04:00:00Z But because it doesn’t require expensive materials to deal with bromine, it’s likely to be far cheaper to produce and friendlier to use. A cleaner, greener way to store solar and wind energy 2015-09-24T04:00:00Z The consensus was that natural bromine compounds were being produced by marine organisms and released into the atmosphere. Giant Global “Chimney” Could Alter Climate Change 2014-07-17T04:00:00Z In the case of the bromine and water mixture, the upper layer is water, saturated with bromine, and the lower layer is bromine saturated with water. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z There is no denying that pure bromine is extremely unpleasant. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Greensmith expects to complete three more integrations by years’ end including the use of Aqueous Ion and zinc bromine flow battery technologies. Greensmith Provides Intelligent Solutions To Energy Storage Market 2014-05-12T12:37:00Z The company said on Monday that it was replacing brominated vegetable oil, which contains bromine, an element found in flame retardants, in products that contain it. Coca-Cola to Remove an Ingredient Questioned by Consumers 2014-05-06T01:38:31Z As part of the Periodic Table, Ununseptium would be considered a Group VII element, putting it in the same family as flourine, bromine and chlorine. Scientists Confirm The Existence Of Element 117 2014-05-04T00:27:00Z As one example, consider the vaporization of bromine: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z "I managed to spill a bit of bromine liquid on to the back of my hand, and it burned through the skin and left a long scab that took weeks to heal." Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z In January this year, a team including Aziz announced that cheap organic chemicals called quinones could be used in a flow battery, partnered to a standard liquid electrode such as bromine. The rechargeable revolution: A better battery 2014-03-05T18:50:39.954Z Primus engineers zinc bromine flow battery that is quite different than the traditional flow battery designs. Here Comes A 'Flow Battery' Technology And A $20M Plan To Bring It To Market 2014-02-04T12:37:00Z Not surprisingly, therefore, the early researchers believed that they would find the element in similar locations to other halogens such as bromine and iodine, namely in the oceans or in sands washed up by oceans. A Tale of 7 Elements: Element 85 Astatine [Excerpt] 2013-07-05T14:15:00.623Z Calculate the average atomic mass of bromine based on these experiments. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z That is why pure bromine is so dangerous to handle, and also why you never come across it in nature. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z So he began selling bromine in England and quickly cut down the German competition--which sold its product at the fixed rate of 49 cents per pound. Top 3 Shrewdest Business Moves 2013-05-22T20:01:02Z Energy storing materials that are most commonly chosen for developing flow batteries include iron, vanadium, zinc and bromine. Here Comes A 'Flow Battery' Technology And A $20M Plan To Bring It To Market 2014-02-04T12:37:00Z This is because fluorine is almost colorless to yellow, chlorine is green, bromine brown, and iodine a violet color. A Tale of 7 Elements: Element 85 Astatine [Excerpt] 2013-07-05T14:15:00.623Z Repeat for the oxidation of iodide ion by molecular bromine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Instead, bromine is commonly found in highly un-reactive bromide salts - in much the same way that the poisonous green gas chlorine is commonly found in boring sodium chloride, table salt. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z He stopped selling his product in the U.S. altogether--and began buying up the German-made bromine. Top 3 Shrewdest Business Moves 2013-05-22T20:01:02Z Carpets contained the highest levels of bromine in the study. Airplanes Bear High Levels of Flame Retardants 2013-03-28T16:45:03.537Z The FDA notes that BVO contains far less bromine than flame retardants and is considered safe for use in limited quantities in fruit-flavored drinks. Brominated vegetable oil in Gatorade? 2013-03-14T11:31:06Z The chemical properties of bromine are similar to those of chlorine, although bromine is the weaker oxidizing agent and its reactivity is less than that of chlorine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Both used chlorine gas to displace the bromine atoms from their salt solutions, producing the characteristic acrid fumes of the new element. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Environmental Health News reports that after binging on sodas that contain BVO, teens have occasionally landed in the emergency room for skin lesions, memory loss and nerve disorders – all symptoms of overexposure to bromine. Would you like flame retardant in your soft drink? 2013-01-05T15:00:01Z Brominated vegetable oil contains bromine, the element found in brominated flame retardants, used in things like upholstered furniture and children’s products. Another Look at a Drink Ingredient, Brominated Vegetable Oil 2012-12-13T03:24:49Z The atmosphere is extremely transparent and colorless; it cannot be seen, therefore, as a dark or colored body can, or as chlorine gas can, or vapor of bromine or iodine. Popular scientific lectures 2012-04-24T02:00:17.273Z Note from Table 18.3 that fluorine is able to oxidize iodine to its maximum oxidation state, 7+, whereas bromine and chlorine, which are more difficult to oxidize, achieve only the 5+-oxidation state. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Today, bromine is extracted on an industrial scale from salt lakes that are especially rich in the element, above all the Dead Sea. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z Limited studies of the effects of brominated vegetable oil in animals and in humans found buildups of bromine in fatty tissues. Another Look at a Drink Ingredient, Brominated Vegetable Oil 2012-12-13T03:24:49Z The remedy consists of a solution of chlorine, bromine, sulphuric acid, and permanganate of potash, with oil of eucalyptus. Health, Happiness, and Longevity Health without medicine: happiness without money: the result, longevity 2012-03-22T02:00:38.537Z For example, the neutral bromine atom, with 35 protons and 35 electrons, can gain one electron to provide it with 36 electrons. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z As the fuel burnt, the bromine combined with the lead, producing lead bromide. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z The brush should be washed at once in water, and does not last more than one day, owing to the action of the bromine on the hair. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Without Mr. Goddard’s bromine accelerator and M. Fizeau’s chloride of gold fixer and invigorator, the Daguerreotype would never have been either a commercial success or a permanent production. The Evolution of Photography With a Chronological Record of Discoveries, Inventions, etc., Contributions to Photographic Literature, and Personal Reminescences Extending over Forty Years 2012-02-15T03:00:30.577Z In 1830 he published in the Philosophical Transactions a paper on the iodine and bromine of mineral waters. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 9 "Dagupan" to "David" 2012-02-11T03:03:39.807Z This method is important for the production of essentially all domestic bromine. Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z But the biggest modern use of bromine, accounting for 41% of the market, has also sparked controversy. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z It combines directly with bromine, and, with fuming hydrobromic acid at 100� C., it gives chiefly α-brombutyric acid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 7 "Crocoite" to "Cuba" 2012-01-22T03:00:24.397Z Mr. Bingham obviated this evil by charging hydrate of lime with bromine vapour, which not only removed the trouble of condensation, but increased the sensitiveness of the prepared plate. The Evolution of Photography With a Chronological Record of Discoveries, Inventions, etc., Contributions to Photographic Literature, and Personal Reminescences Extending over Forty Years 2012-02-15T03:00:30.577Z The term is applied to the four elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, on account of the great similarity of their sodium salts to ordinary sea-salt. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z The reaction of acetylene with bromine is a typical example: Chemistry 2019-02-14T00:00:00Z Being a halogen, bromine atoms are one electron short of a complete outer shell, which makes them highly reactive, readily bonding with other atoms. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Around the same time, a study confirmed that bromine was building up in humans. Brominated Battle: Soda Chemical Has Cloudy Health History 2011-12-12T22:45:05.903Z Subsequently Mr. Goddard discovered that the vapour of bromine, added to that of iodine, imparted an extraordinary degree of sensitiveness to the prepared plate, and reduced the time of sitting from minutes to seconds. The Evolution of Photography With a Chronological Record of Discoveries, Inventions, etc., Contributions to Photographic Literature, and Personal Reminescences Extending over Forty Years 2012-02-15T03:00:30.577Z Compounds of fluorine and oxygen, and of bromine and oxygen, have not yet been isolated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z W. Skey showed that in substances which contain small quantities of gold the precious metal may be removed by the solvent action of iodine or bromine in water. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z To illustrate the point, Andrea drops some aluminium foil into his beaker of bromine. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z In 1997, emergency room doctors at University of California, Davis reported a patient with severe bromine intoxication from drinking two to four liters of orange soda every day. Brominated Battle: Soda Chemical Has Cloudy Health History 2011-12-12T22:45:05.903Z He took an immediate interest in the wonderful discovery, and made an improvement in the application of bromine vapour, which entitled him to the gratitude of all Daguerreotypists. The Evolution of Photography With a Chronological Record of Discoveries, Inventions, etc., Contributions to Photographic Literature, and Personal Reminescences Extending over Forty Years 2012-02-15T03:00:30.577Z Exposed to the action of chlorine, bromine, or iodine, the hydrogen leaves the palladium and enters into direct union with these elements. Scientific Culture, and Other Essays Second Edition; with Additions 2011-09-17T02:00:31.747Z On a telephone news conference, mission scientists giddily described that rock: full of zinc and bromine, elements that, at least for rocks on Earth, would be suggestive of geology formed with heat and water. Mars Rover?s Discovery Excites NASA Scientists 2011-09-02T02:13:25Z "This is the gift of nature. Like Saudi Arabia has the gift of oil, we have the gift of bromine." Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z The bromine stayed there even after the rats returned to a control diet for two weeks. Brominated Battle: Soda Chemical Has Cloudy Health History 2011-12-12T22:45:05.903Z How rapidly they changed from ghostly and almost invisible shadows to solid, visible, and all but tangible forms under the magical influence of Goddard’s and Claudet’s “bromine accelerator,” and Fizeau’s “fixing” or gilding process! The Evolution of Photography With a Chronological Record of Discoveries, Inventions, etc., Contributions to Photographic Literature, and Personal Reminescences Extending over Forty Years 2012-02-15T03:00:30.577Z Chlorine acts on it readily in the cold, bromine not so easily, and iodine only when the mixture is heated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 4 "G" to "Gaskell, Elizabeth" 2011-08-24T02:00:20.690Z The residue, which contains the sulphur as calcium sulphate, is transferred to a beaker containing water to which a little bromine has been added. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The thickened brines then flow through a series of chemical works that extract potash, magnesium metal and chlorine from the salts - and bromine. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z The largest amounts of lipid-bound bromine were found in tissues from children in the UK, according to the study. Brominated Battle: Soda Chemical Has Cloudy Health History 2011-12-12T22:45:05.903Z They might all use the same make of plates, the same iodine, bromine, and mercury, yet there would be this difference in the character of the two classes of pictures. The Evolution of Photography With a Chronological Record of Discoveries, Inventions, etc., Contributions to Photographic Literature, and Personal Reminescences Extending over Forty Years 2012-02-15T03:00:30.577Z Mostly it refers to organohalogens—compounds like DDT that incorporate halogens such as chlorine or bromine into organic molecules—that are naturally nearly nonexistent in mammals. Foam Alone: Do Furniture Flame Retardants Save Enough Lives to Justify Their Environmental Damage? 2011-04-18T11:15:00.223Z Chemical methods of sterilization have also been suggested, depending on the use of iodine, chlorine, bromine, ozone, potassium permanganate, copper sulphate or chloride and other substances. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 10, Slice 3 "Fenton, Edward" to "Finistere" 2011-03-14T03:01:00.580Z Yet, as hazardous to human health as elemental bromine is, it is actually the products it goes into that have caused the real alarm. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z The study authors wrote that "it seems highly probable that the intake of brominated vegetable oil is the cause of the tissue bromine residues in children." Brominated Battle: Soda Chemical Has Cloudy Health History 2011-12-12T22:45:05.903Z We see this parallelism in the properties of the different metals; in those of sulphur, phosphorus, and carbon; of chlorine, iodine, and bromine; in the natural orders of plants and animals, &c. A System of Logic: Ratiocinative and Inductive 7th Edition, Vol. II 2011-03-01T03:00:40.557Z It forms crystalline compounds with bromine and with many metallic salts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Döbereiner singled out triads of the elements lithium, sodium and potassium as well as chlorine, bromine and iodine. The Evolution of the Periodic System 2011-01-21T23:45:05.210Z The earliest use of bromine was in medicines. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z The man was diagnosed with bromoderma, a rare skin hypersensitivity to bromine exposure. Brominated Battle: Soda Chemical Has Cloudy Health History 2011-12-12T22:45:05.903Z The new results show that bromine levels observed above oceans may be high enough to initiate mercury oxidation. Air Above Dead Sea Contains Very High Levels of Oxidized Mercury 2010-12-29T15:23:00Z This holiday season the Ecology Center is hosting a handful of toy-testing events in Michigan, where it will examine toys free of charge for lead, cadmium, bromine and a few other chemicals. Consumer groups aim to protect children from toxic toys 2009-12-08T05:00:00Z Then they work their aquatic magic, self-sustained by circulation pumps, powered by hydraulics and in most cases protected by bromine filtration systems. In New York?s Fountains, Pennies and Dead Rats 2010-07-18T01:06:00Z For most of the 20th Century, the main use of bromine was something now known to have been seriously damaging to public health. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Along with the more widely known toxins like mercury and lead, modern electronics are suffused with bromine- and chlorine-based compounds used chiefly as inexpensive flame retardants in the manufacture of plastics and electronic components. 2010-01-11T16:11:00Z Halogens, or halogen elements, are non-metal elements such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Air Above Dead Sea Contains Very High Levels of Oxidized Mercury 2010-12-29T15:23:00Z The Ivanhoe baths, erected in 1826, are frequented for their saline waters, which, as containing bromine, are found useful in scrofulous and rheumatic complaints. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 7 "Arundel, Thomas" to "Athens" It burns in an atmosphere of chlorine forming the trichloride; it also combines directly with bromine and sulphur on heating, while on fusion with alkalis it forms arsenites. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" Being near the bottom of the periodic table, bromine atoms are heavy. Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Kelp, iodine, and bromine are products of various species. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 1 A to Amide Observations and modeling results indicate that at the Dead Sea, the conversion of elemental mercury is driven by bromine. Air Above Dead Sea Contains Very High Levels of Oxidized Mercury 2010-12-29T15:23:00Z It combines directly with fluorine at ordinary temperature, and with chlorine, bromine and sulphur on heating. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 3 "Borgia, Lucrezia" to "Bradford, John" Chlorine, bromine and iodine decompose arsine readily, the action being most violent in the case of chlorine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 6 "Armour Plates" to "Arundel, Earls of" As Anat laments: "The bromine industry has not done a very good job in PR, in educating people that there are chemicals there that save your life and keep you safe." Who's afraid of bromine? 2014-09-26T04:00:00Z Dissolve and add 2 drachms of bromine water. Harper's Round Table, October 1, 1895 Here she requires the aid of iodine, bromine, and mercury. Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, Vol. I. With ferric chloride it gives a violet coloration, and with bromine water a white precipitate of tribrom-phenol. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" Bromide of ammonia is formed in the simplest manner by the addition of bromine to water of ammonia. Harper's Round Table, July 16, 1895 By the addition of potassium bromide and bromine water to diazonium salts they are converted into a perbromide, e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 4 "Diameter" to "Dinarchus" It forms addition products with bromine and hydrobromic acid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" Being an unsaturated acid it combines directly with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, bromine, &c. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 4 "Cincinnatus" to "Cleruchy" Chloral is soluble in alcohol and ether, in less than its own weight of water, and in four times its weight of chloroform; it absorbs chlorine, and dissolves bromine, iodine, phosphorus and sulphur. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 3 "Chitral" to "Cincinnati" Chlorine, bromine, and iodine, each recognizable by its colour and odour, result from decomposable haloids; iodine forms also a black sublimate. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" In the same way, for some time, all the bromine coming on to the market, the products of which were used to manufacture and increase the density of gas, were bought up. My Three Years in America It can also be prepared by heating a mixture of phenol and malic acid with sulphuric acid, or by passing bromine vapour at 107� C. over the anhydride of melilotic acid. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 6 "Coucy-le-Château" to "Crocodile" In 1913 German scientists at the German Headquarters Staff had experimented with sulphur, chlorine and bromine fumes. "The Red Watch" With the First Canadian Division in Flanders We see this parallelism in the properties of the different metals; in those of sulphur, phosphorus, and carbon; of chlorine, iodine, and bromine; in the natural orders of plants and animals, etc. A System Of Logic, Ratiocinative And Inductive The following, however, are negative towards the remaining elements which are more or less positive:—Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Bromine finds a considerable use in chemistry as an oxidizing agent, in separating gold from other metals, and in manufacturing disinfectants, bromine salts, and aniline colors. The Economic Aspect of Geology Other substances occasionally present in sufficient quantity to exert a therapeutic influence are arsenic, lithium, potassium, manganese, bromine, iodine, &c. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The Germans could have used sulphur gas just as well as chlorine gas, but sulphur was not poisonous, and would not kill; chlorine and bromine would. "The Red Watch" With the First Canadian Division in Flanders With regard to alumina and oxide of copper, these constituents must be regarded as accidental; while iodine and bromine only occur in the ash of marine plants. Manures and the principles of manuring This difference in behaviour of the three elements, chlorine, bromine and iodine, which in many respects exhibit considerable resemblance, may be explained in the following manner. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The best known and most widely used bromine salts are the silver bromide, used in photography, and the potassium bromide, used in medicine to depress the nervous system. The Economic Aspect of Geology While the discovery of bromine and the preparation of many of its compounds was his most conspicuous piece of work, Balard was an industrious chemist on both the pure and applied sides. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Part 1, Slice 2 "Baconthorpe" to "Bankruptcy" The remarkable features of this analysis are the quantities of iodine and bromine. Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood Historical, Anecdotal, Physiographical, and Archaeological, with Other Matter It is true that one can distinguish the "smells" of chlorine, of bromine, and of iodine from one another. More Science From an Easy Chair The elements which play important parts in organic compounds are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulphur, phosphorus and oxygen. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The United States is independent of foreign sources for bromine. The Economic Aspect of Geology Gases which affect the throat and bronchial tubes, such as chlorine and bromine. Manual of Military Training Second, Revised Edition The only known water which contains a greater proportion of bromine is that of the Dead Sea, in Palestine. Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood Historical, Anecdotal, Physiographical, and Archaeological, with Other Matter Might not bromine be associated in other formations? Astronomy for Amateurs Thus bromine and iodine replace chlorine with increments of about 22� and 50� respectively. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" A large part of the output is not actually marketed as bromine, but in the form of potassium and sodium bromides and other salts. The Economic Aspect of Geology Iodine and bromine are also obtained from the nitrates, and the Chilean product yields nearly all the world's supply. Commercial Geography A Book for High Schools, Commercial Courses, and Business Colleges Professor Frankland, for the Geological Survey, found, of iodine, 6.1 grains in 10 gallons of the water; bromine, 44 grains in ditto. Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood Historical, Anecdotal, Physiographical, and Archaeological, with Other Matter The transparency of the elementary gases and metalloids — of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, iodine, bromine, sulphur, phosphorus, and even of carbon, for the invisible heat rays is extraordinary. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 These substances were mainly iodine and bromine, two chemical elements that are of greater value than the nitrates themselves. Wealth of the World's Waste Places and Oceania During the war considerable quantities of bromine materials were exported to Great Britain, France, and Italy. The Economic Aspect of Geology Sea water is composed of the same gases, with the addition of muriate of soda, magnesia, iron, lime, sulphur, copper, silex, potash, chlorine, iodine, bromine, ammonia, and silver. The Ocean and its Wonders These acids readily combine with bromine, iodine, or oxygen. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture The dense and deeply-coloured element bromine was examined, and found competent to cut off the light of our most brilliant flames, while it transmitted the invisible calorific rays with extreme freedom. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 It also stands first in the production of salt, bromine, calcium chloride, graphite, and sand lime brick. Practical English Composition: Book II. For the Second Year of the High School When natural salt waters evaporate, bromine is one of the last materials to be precipitated, and the residual "mother liquors" or bitterns frequently show a considerable concentration of the bromine. The Economic Aspect of Geology A great many substances of this class are known; in fact, the oxides of all the common elements have been prepared, with the exception of those of fluorine and bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Or the alkaline layer may be rendered acid and steam distilled; the distillate is made up to a known volume, and a portion titrated by the Koppeschaar method with standard bromine water. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Iodine, the companion element of bromine, was next thought of, but it was found impracticable to examine the substance in its usual solid condition. Fragments of science, V. 1-2 Luckily sorlus is the most plentiful of the halogen groups; we have far more of it than of chlorine, bromine or iodine.” The Black Star Passes The larger part of the world's bromine has come from the mother liquor resulting from the solution and fractional evaporation of these Stassfurt salts. The Economic Aspect of Geology When bromine is added to a hot concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide there is formed a mixture of potassium bromide and potassium bromate in accordance with the reactions already discussed. An Elementary Study of Chemistry We decided that this gas was chiefly chlorine, with perhaps an admixture of bromine, but that there was probably something else present responsible for the irritation of our eyes. On the Fringe of the Great Fight Manufacture.—The chief centres of the bromine industry are Stassfurt and the central district of Michigan. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" There are small deposits of such things as bromine trifluoride, but these have no great importance. Uller Uprising The bromine obtained from salt deposits in the eastern United States is doubtless of a similar origin. The Economic Aspect of Geology By substituting bromine or iodine for chlorine the corresponding compounds of these elements are obtained. An Elementary Study of Chemistry It is by reason of its contained bromine and iodine as safe medicinal elements, the Fucus vesiculosus acts in reducing fatness; these elements stimulating all the absorbent glands of the body to increased activity. Herbal Simples Approved for Modern Uses of Cure Any uncondensed bromine vapour is absorbed by moist iron borings, and the resulting iron bromide is used for the manufacture of potassium bromide. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The minutest trace of digitalin moistened with sulphuric and treated with bromine vapour gives a rose colour, turning to mauve. Aids to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Taking a rod of silver, we may beat out one end into the form of a hollow cup, sensitising the inside by exposing it for a short time to vapour of bromine. Response in the Living and Non-Living Write the equations for the reactions between sodium hydroxide and bromine; between potassium hydroxide and iodine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry It may be stated broadly that the Sea Weeds employed as remedial Simples owe their powers to the bromine, iodine, and sulphate of soda which they contain. Herbal Simples Approved for Modern Uses of Cure The crude bromine is purified by repeated shaking with potassium, sodium or ferrous bromide and subsequent redistillation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" If heated with chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulphur, it combines with them with ignition. Scientific American Supplement, No. 365, December 30, 1882 To the filtrate add bromine; boil, and determine the manganese in the precipitate. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. On heating, the bromine distills over and is collected in the cold receiver. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Formerly, only bromine salts were employed, but now the following formula is adopted: Bromide of potassium 3 parts. Scientific American Supplement, No. 315, January 14, 1882 Stas, in his stoichiometric researches, prepared chemically pure bromine from potassium bromide, by converting it into the bromate which was purified by repeated crystallization. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" Carbon monoxide and chlorine combine to form phosgene and the combination of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, with organic compounds, is much hastened by exposing the mixture to light. Artificial Light Its Influence upon Civilization Neutralise with soda, and add bromine in excess; heat gradually to boiling, allow to settle, and filter. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. In chemical action bromine is very similar to chlorine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Internally: Arsenic, bromine, ergotinc, aconite, gelsemium, valerian, ether, cannabis indica and quinine are recommended. Mother's Remedies Over One Thousand Tried and Tested Remedies from Mothers of the United States and Canada Bromine is soluble in water, to the extent of 3.226 grammes of bromine per 100 grammes of solution at 15� C., the solubility being slightly increased by the presence of potassium bromide. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" But according to the chemist the Murex mollusk made a mistake in hitching the bromine to the wrong carbon atoms. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries Gold is insoluble in hydrochloric or nitric acid, but is dissolved by aqua regia or by solutions of iodine, bromine, or chlorine. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. How can bromine vapor and nitrogen peroxide be distinguished from each other? An Elementary Study of Chemistry To another aqueous solution of the crystals was added bromine water, and a white precipitate was obtained, consisting of tribromophenol. Scientific American Supplement, No. 443, June 28, 1884 Reactions in which it is used in the liquid form, in vapour, in solution, and in the presence of the so-called "bromine carriers," have been studied. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" A list of those employed in the present war enumerates thirty, among them compounds of bromine, arsenic and cyanogen that may prove more formidable than any so far used. Creative Chemistry Descriptive of Recent Achievements in the Chemical Industries Practically pure bromine.—It is a heavy reddish-brown liquid and very volatile. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. What compounds would you expect phosphorus to form with bromine and iodine? An Elementary Study of Chemistry The process depends on the precipitation of phenol by a dilute aqueous solution of bromine as tribromophenol. Scientific American Supplement, No. 443, June 28, 1884 The action of bromine is sometimes accelerated by the use of compounds which behave catalytically, the more important of these substances being iodine, iron, ferric chloride, ferric bromide, aluminium bromide and phosphorus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The latter statement is fairly proved by the presence of the bromine, and certainly from an economical standpoint such should be its method of manufacture.—Amer. Scientific American Supplement, No. 643, April 28, 1888 "Bromine Water" is simply bromine shaken up with water till no more is dissolved. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. When the water containing the bromine is heated, the liberated bromine distills over into the receiver. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Iodine, bromine, creosote soap, and others containing very volatile substances, are best prepared cold by shaving up the curd soap in a mortar, and mixing the medicant with it by long beating. The Art of Perfumery And Methods of Obtaining the Odors of Plants Hydrobromic Acid.—This acid, HBr, the only compound of hydrogen and bromine, is in many respects similar to hydrochloric acid, but is rather less stable. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" But copper and silver, its congeners, have their connecting rods of exactly the same pattern as the chlorine rod, and the chlorine rod reappears in both bromine and iodine. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements It closely resembles chlorine and bromine in its properties, and can be used for dissolving metals without, at the same time, attacking any oxide which may be present. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. The element has a strong, unpleasant odor, though by no means as irritating as that of chlorine and bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry An atom of bromine will combine with one of hydrogen; one of oxygen with two of hydrogen; one of nitrogen with three of hydrogen; one of silicon with four of hydrogen, etc. Among the Forces It may be prepared by passing hydrogen gas and bromine vapour through a tube containing a heated platinum spiral. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The dumb-bell appears also in chlorine, bromine and iodine, but there is no trace of it in hydrogen, the head of the group. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements It is used as an indicator in volumetric silver assaying, and for the separation of iodine from bromine. A Text-book of Assaying: For the Use of Those Connected with Mines. Chemically iodine is quite similar to chlorine and bromine, but is still less active than bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry So we may conclude that bromine vapor also does not undergo any allotropic condensation when subjected to the influence of a silent discharge of electricity. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 It cannot be prepared with any degree of purity by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on bromides, since secondary reactions take place, leading to the liberation of free bromine and formation of sulphur dioxide. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" Its twelve funnels show only four enclosed bodies, the same as we see in chlorine, bromine, iodine, copper and silver, and which is very little modified in gold. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements Thus one atom of hydrogen combines with eighty of bromine, one hundred and sixty of mercury, two hundred and forty of boron, three hundred and twenty of silicon, etc. Recreations in Astronomy With Directions for Practical Experiments and Telescopic Work The laboratory method of preparing bromine is essentially different from the commercial method. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Vernon, in the Chemical News, that other elementary gases, as chlorine and bromine vapor, might undergo an analogous change when subjected to the same treatment. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 The usual method employed for the preparation of the gas consists in dropping bromine on to a mixture of amorphous phosphorus and water, when a violent reaction takes place and the gas is rapidly liberated. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" In the central globes, the a of bromine is repeated twice instead of the pairs in cc. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements The sulphur, bromine, chlorine, and iodine compounds of potassa give a white, but easily volatile sublimate upon the charcoal, around the place where the fused substance reposed. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations On passing a current of electricity through such waters the bromine is first liberated. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The atoms of chlorine and bromine, however, being only monovalent, have all their affinity satisfied when they are united to a single other atom of chlorine and bromine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 Bromides.—Hydrobromic acid reacts with metallic oxides, hydroxides and carbonates to form bromides, which can in many cases be obtained also by the direct union of the metals with bromine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The connecting rod is as in chlorine, bromine and iodine. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements If iodine, chlorine, and bromine are present, the flame is considerably modified, but the former at least intensifies the color. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations A convenient way to make pure hydrobromic acid is by the action of bromine upon moist red phosphorus. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Into another similar tube, filled with chlorine, was introduced a small quantity of liquid bromine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 They are decomposed by chlorine, with liberation of bromine and formation of metallic chlorides; concentrated sulphuric acid also decomposes them, with formation of a metallic sulphate and liberation of bromine and sulphur dioxide. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" It is convenient to consider sodium next, because it is the basic pattern on which not only copper, silver and gold are formed, but also chlorine, bromine and iodine. Occult Chemistry Clairvoyant Observations on the Chemical Elements The bromine salts are coming into use extensively in photography, in consequence of their greater sensitiveness to the action of light than the chlorides alone. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Any bromine escaping action in the flask acts upon the phosphorus in the U-tube. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The tube thus contained chlorine saturated with bromine vapor. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 It is a very unstable compound, breaking up, on heating, into bromine and oxygen. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" The symptoms and the other facts so far ascertained point to the use by the German troops of chlorine or bromine for purposes of asphyxiation. New York Times Current History; The European War, Vol 2, No. 3, June, 1915 April-September, 1915 The ether rises to the top, carrying with it the bromine in solution; after being withdrawn, this ether is mixed with potassa, by which the bromide and bromate of potassa are formed. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Iodine has a much greater affinity for oxygen than has either chlorine or bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry The fact that oxygen gas is capable of undergoing condensation while chlorine and bromine are not is easily explained. Scientific American Supplement, No. 794, March 21, 1891 The acid is only known in the form of its aqueous solution; this is, however, very unstable, decomposing on being heated to 100� C. into water, oxygen and bromine. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" It is imperative that the bromine used should be pure, as crude bromine frequently contains bromoform. Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise If, to a solution containing a bromide, concentrated sulphuric or nitric acid be added, the bromine is liberated and colors the solution yellow or red. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations With bromine and iodine similar combining ratios hold good. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Chlorine, iodine, bromine, and fluorine thus formed a very distinct group; sulphur and selenium another; boron and silicon another; potassium, sodium, and lithium another; and so on. The Advance of Science in the Last Half-Century Applications.—The salts of bromine are widely used in photography, especially bromide of silver. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Part 3 "Brescia" to "Bulgaria" It is very readily formed by the action of bromine and potash on acetone, and although very volatile in steam, it is not liable to loss due to its own evaporation. Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise Those mineral waters containing iodine can be treated the same as for bromine, as previously indicated, while the violet-colored vapor of the iodine can be easily discerned. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations At the same time some bromine is set free, as may be seen from the red fumes which appear, and from the odor. An Elementary Study of Chemistry One end of this apparatus is connected to a small wash bottle containing bromine, through which a stream of hydrogen can be bubbled. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 If the fluorine is evolved in the midst of pure dry liquid bromine, the combination is immediate, and occurs without flame. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 Bromine solution is added drop by drop until the slight coloration is permanent, excess of bromine being got rid of by boiling for a minute or two with a little more caustic potash. Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise The latter may then be tested for the bromine by strong sulphuric acid. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations No oxides of bromine are surely known, and bromine does not form so many oxygen acids as chlorine does. An Elementary Study of Chemistry When the operation is proceeding very rapidly a lambent flame occasionally appears in the tube just before the platinum wire, but this flame is never propagated back through the narrow tube into the bromine bottle. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 Inasmuch, however, as bromine and iodine combine with fluorine, as previously described, these halogens do not escape, but burn up to their respective fluorides. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 It is then diluted with water to 500 c.c., and an aliquot part titrated with N/10 silver nitrate solution, using potassium chromate as indicator; 240 parts of bromine correspond to 58 parts of acetone. Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise A red or brown vapor will then appear, indicating the presence of bromine; this vapor will color starch paste—which may be put in the receiver on purpose—of a deep orange color. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations It occurs along with bromine in salt springs and beds, and is also found in Chili saltpeter. An Elementary Study of Chemistry This method is a synthetical one, and consists in passing a stream of hydrogen and bromine vapor over a spiral of platinum wire heated to bright redness by means of an electric current. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 Bromides and iodides are decomposed with even greater energy, and the liberated bromine and iodine burn in the fluorine with formation of their respective fluorides. Scientific American Supplement, No. 832, December 12, 1891 It may be here observed that no acetone can be detected in the distillate by means of the mercuric oxide test, and free bromine is also absent. Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise This, again, led to the proof of the diathermancy of elementary liquids, like bromine, and of solutions of the solid elements sulphur, phosphorus, and iodine. Six Lectures on Light Delivered In The United States In 1872-1873 Iodine can readily be prepared in the laboratory from an iodide by the method used in preparing bromine, except that sodium iodide is substituted for sodium bromide. An Elementary Study of Chemistry When iron and manganese are present, the filtrates are treated with bromine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 455, September 20, 1884 Still, I'm not sure," he continued, slapping his bald head with a bandana handkerchief, "that a whiff of chlorine or bromine wouldn't do these trenches a considerable amount of good. The First Hundred Thousand In case of need, the ferricyanide can be purified by adding to its solution a little bromine water and recrystallizing the compound. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes He gives a formula for a bromide paper, which is treated with tannin in order to absorb the bromine set free during exposure, otherwise the darkening would be very slight. Scientific American Supplement, No. 492, June 6, 1885 Hydriodic acid resembles the corresponding acids of chlorine and bromine in physical properties, being a strongly fuming, colorless gas, readily soluble in water. An Elementary Study of Chemistry He had done this clumsily, so that some of the bromine flowed on to his left hand, which held the funnel, and at once burnt him severely. The Making of Religion The means which have proved most efficacious in decomposing these bases are the action of oxidizing and reducing agents, of bromine, of organic iodides, of concentrated acids and alkalies, and of heat. Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883 Add 5 cc. of bromine water and boil until the excess of bromine is expelled. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes One of the boys took a bottle of bromine and opened it under the sofa. Edison, His Life and Inventions Potassium iodide may be made by exactly the same method as has just been described for the bromide, substituting iodine for bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry At 4 P.M. that day M. Langlois had wished to pour some bromine into a bottle. The Making of Religion Heated with bromine water to 120°C. it decomposes into bromoform, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and pyridine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 415, December 15, 1883 If the smell of ammonia has disappeared, again add ammonium hydroxide in slight excess, and 3 cc. of bromine water, and heat again for a few minutes. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes The broker was taken with such a fit of coughing he burst a blood-vessel, and the man who let the bromine out got away and never came back. Edison, His Life and Inventions When any one of the three halogen elements—chlorine, bromine, and iodine—is added to a solution of potassium hydroxide a reaction takes place, the nature of which depends upon the conditions of the experiment. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Put into a bottle of pure water, a large excess of bromine; shake the mixture well, and before using it, let all the bromine be taken up. History and Practice of the Art of Photography Into a bottle of the capacity of about two ounces, pour thirty or forty drops of bromine, the precise quantity not being of importance. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Wash the filter five times with hot water, add to the filtrate ammonium hydroxide and bromine water as described above, and repeat the precipitation. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes After the bromine bath has been used up, it is regenerated by adding 1 per cent. of sulphuric acid, which liberates the bromine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 385, May 19, 1883 It can be prepared in exactly the same way as hydrobromic acid, iodine being substituted for bromine. An Elementary Study of Chemistry To prepare it, fill your jar about half or quarter full of dry slacked lime, then drop into it bromine, till it becomes a bright orange red. History and Practice of the Art of Photography Then add, grain by grain, as much iodine as the bromine will dissolve till quite saturated. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype One tenth gram of iron wire, 99.78% pure, is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and the iron oxidized completely with bromine water. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes Moreover, during this decomposition, the percentage of bromine does not remain constant; as a rule, it will be found to contain more than the theoretical amount of bromine. Scientific American Supplement, No. 384, May 12, 1883 The name bromine, for example, is derived from a Greek word meaning a stench, referring to the extremely unpleasant odor of the substance. An Elementary Study of Chemistry Thus, various aniline dyes were proved to be bromine absorbents, and likewise, more or less, to be capable of being acted upon by light in those regions of the spectrum they absorbed. Scientific American Supplement, No. 392, July 7, 1883 It greatly resembles chlorine and bromine in its combinations, but its affinities are weaker. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Calculate the percentage of bromine in the sample. An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis With Explanatory Notes Chlorine, bromine, and mercuric chloride gave the best results; solutions of mercuric chloride, nitrate, or sulphate diluted to 1 part in 1,000 destroy spores in ten minutes.—R. Scientific American Supplement, No. 344, August 5, 1882 Drugs, such as alcohol, coffee, morphine, bromine, and hundreds of others which could be named, are not only unnecessary, but harmful. Maintaining Health Formerly Health and Efficiency At dull redness the products are along with unaltered paraffenes, products which unite energetically with bromine, and which are converted into resinous polymers of ordinary sulphuric acid. Scientific American Supplement, No. 288, July 9, 1881 The effect is produced upon a simple iodized plate, but still more upon a plate prepared in the ordinary way, with both iodine and bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Especially the first stage of the electro-osmosis produces a cathodic migration of the phenols, which may then be detected at a cathode by means of the iron and bromine reactions. Synthetic Tannins The water contains many times more salt, and much more soda, sulphur, magnesia, chlorine, bromine and potassium than any ocean water on the globe. My Native Land The United States: its Wonders, its Beauties, and its People; with Descriptive Notes, Character Sketches, Folk Lore, Traditions, Legends and History, for the Amusement of the Old and the Instruction of the Young He was quite unconscious of the burning bromine and the clipping of flesh that the skillful hand of the practitioner carried on. The Iron Game A Tale of the War No sooner was the reaction complete than he took some bromine and added it. The Treasure-Train Want of success may arise from vapors of iodine or bromine in the camera box, mercury bath, or even in the buffs. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype How much bromine by weight does Br stand for? An Introduction to Chemical Science In this connection their persistent efforts to retain the bromine monopoly with their Stassfurt product and to crush the American industry before the war are significant. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war No matter how little iodine is combined with the bromine, the vapors possess their relative proportion; hence, only enough iodine to prevent "flaring," or as it is often termed a "scum-coating," is used. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Should add bromine the same as in bromide of lime, until the compound assumes a light red color. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Keep the camera and mercury-bath perfectly free from the vapors of iodine and bromine; for the presence of the slightest degree of either of the above will injure the impression in no small degree. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Examine bromine, potassium bromide, sodium bromide, magnesium bromide. An Introduction to Chemical Science The Allied lachrymator campaign was terribly handicapped by lack of bromine. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war A mixture of two parts muriatic acid and one of black oxide of manganese, should be put into a flask having a bent tube to conduct the chlorine vapor into the bromine in another vessel. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype It partakes much of the nature of chlorine and bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype There are three substances which form the bases for producing a Daguerreotype; silver, iodine and bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Bring a piece of it in contact with the vapor of chlorine, bromine, or ozone, and notice the blue color. An Introduction to Chemical Science The French performed the phenomenal task of creating a bromine industry in Tunis, the development of which reads like a romance. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war The plate upon which is this salt, is again exposed to the vapor of bromine, forming a bromo-iodide of silver, a salt also. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Expose a daguerreotype plate to the vapor of bromine, it assumes a leaden-grey color, which, blackens by light very readily. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype One part of bromine, eight parts of nitric acid, sixteen parts of muriatic acid, water one hundred parts. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Expose an impressioned plate, that has been sufficient time in the camera to become solarized, to the vapors of bromine, and the impression will be fully developed and exhibit no signs of solarization. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Apparently this industry is dying out, and German predominance in bromine is again asserted. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war Again, should the impressioned plate be exposed too long over the vapor of bromine, the impression would be rendered wholly insensitive to the mercurial vapor. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Filter through paper, and add chloride of iodine one half ounce, bromine sufficient to take it up, which is a little less than half an ounce. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype To this mixture add bromine, until it assumes a deep yellow or pink color. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype It is claimed for this preparation, that it will hold the bromine longer than others where starch is not employed. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Of still greater and more beneficial effect is the support which you have afforded to the purchase of bromine. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war An excess of bromine, to a certain degree, has the opposite effect; the white portions of the impression appearing of a dull, leaden hue, while those which should be black, or dark, appear quite light. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The salt springs of Ohio abound in the compounds of bromine, and it is found in the waters of the Dead Sea. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The same is true to some extent with the compounds formed with iodine, bromine, and fluorine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The only use which has been made of bromine in the arts is in the practice of photography. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The direct significance of bromine for chemical warfare must be borne in mind. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war Ether is added and shaken with the liquid, until all the bromine is taken up by the ether, which acquires a fine red color and separates from the saline liquid. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The bromine is distilled, and is condensed in a cooled receiver, into a red liquid. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The last is detrimental to its use with bromine, and is one cause of the complaint that "it will not take bromine." American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype It can be readily prepared by passing a current of chlorine through a vessel containing bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype German bromine was associated with potash in the Stassfurt mineral deposits, whereas the American product was produced from numerous salt springs and rock salt mines. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war Bromide of Potassium--Is prepared by mixing bromine and a solution of pure potass together, and evaporating to dryness; it crystallizes in small cubes, and dissolves readily in water. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The bromide of lime may be produced by allowing bromine vapor to act upon hydrate of lime for some hours. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The object of using the iodine is to form a compound with bromine that is not so volatile as the bromine itself. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The most convenient method of doing this is to place some of the hydrate at the bottom of the flask, and then put some bromine into a glass capsule supported a little above the lime. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Many other examples, including such important products as bromine, oxalic acid, and aniline, could be quoted to show the results of the German price-cutting policy. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war Its operation is very nearly the same on bromine and iodine vapor. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype As most of the various accelerators are compounds of bromine, with either chlorine or fluorine combination, they partake somewhat of the nature of these latter, giving results which can be detected by the experienced operator. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype It should be shook well, and enough of the chloride of bromine added to bring the compound to a deep blood red color. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype This should be shook at intervals for twenty--four hours; then add one ounce of chloride of iodine and three fourths ounce of bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype A possible source of bromine existed in the French Tunisian salt lagoons, whose pre-war exploitation had been considered by an Austrian combination. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war It is prepared by adding bromine to finely pulverized starch, in the same manner as bromide of lime. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype When bottles containing bromine are to be sealed, it is well to grease the stopper. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The exposure over the bromine most be very brief. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The operator will proportion the coating of iodine and bromine or accelerators according to the strength and composition of the latter. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The French wisely developed a Tunisian bromine industry sufficient for their own needs, and, on different occasions, supplied us with small quantities. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war Professor Morse, of this city, Dr. Goddard, of Philadelphia, and others, in the years 1840 and 1841, were acquainted with the use of bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Then, before it be exposed to the vapor of mercury, expose it for a very brief period to the vapor of either chlorine, bromine or iodine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Much of the lime in our market will not, except it be quite damp, combine with the bromine. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype The principal difficulty in coating the plate, is that of preserving the exact proportion between the quantity of iodine and bromine, or quick. American Hand Book of the Daguerreotype Without bromine these nitric gases are of slight effect: in connection with bromine they are of terrible effect. The Riddle of the Rhine; chemical strategy in peace and war |
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