| 单词 | action potential |
| 例句 | We propose to record every action potential from every neuron Here's where the problems start. President Obama's brain map project is hardly the next Human Genome 2013-04-02T18:48:29Z This makes it the most easily-excited part of the neuron and the spike initiation zone for the axon: in neurological terms it has the greatest hyperpolarized action potential threshold. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z If sufficient neurotransmitter has been released an action potential may be initiated in the next cell, but this is not guaranteed. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 20.32 An action potential is the pulse of voltage inside a nerve cell graphed here. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The speed of conduction of an action potential along an axon is influenced by both the diameter of the axon and the axon’s resistance to current leak. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z What has been described here is the action potential, which is presented as a graph of voltage over time in Figure 12.23. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Any physical deformation in the Meissner’s corpuscle will cause an action potential in the nerve. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z When the action potential reaches the axon terminal, this causes the release of neurotransmitter onto the dendrite of another neuron. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z This sequence of events results in a voltage pulse, called the action potential. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Myelin acts as an insulator that prevents current from leaving the axon; this increases the speed of action potential conduction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The question is, now, what initiates the action potential? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This influx of positive ions causes the neuron to depolarize, generating an action potential. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z In the axon, this “signal” will become a self-propagating brief reversal of the resting membrane potential called an action potential. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The action potential is a voltage pulse at one location on a cell membrane. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z In demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis, action potential conduction slows because current leaks from previously insulated axon areas. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A third type of channel that is an important part of depolarization in the action potential is the voltage-gated Na+ channel. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These graded potentials are not bound by the “all or none” properties of an action potential. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z An action potential is an all-or-nothing event; it either happens or it does not. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Figure 20.33 A nerve impulse is the propagation of an action potential along a cell membrane. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z Flow of ions through these channels, particularly the Na+ channels, regenerates the action potential over and over again along the axon. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Any depolarization that does not change the membrane potential to -55 mV or higher will not reach threshold and thus will not result in an action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The patients’ action potential duration shortened under the stress. How Music Can Literally Heal the Heart 2021-09-18T04:00:00Z The threshold of excitation must be reached for the neuron to “fire” an action potential. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A stimulus causes an action potential at one location, which changes the permeability of the adjacent membrane, causing an action potential there. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z This ‘jumping’ of the action potential from one node to the next is called saltatory conduction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z While an action potential is in progress, another one cannot be initiated. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Mental stress changes the recovery period of heart cells after each heartbeat, called the action potential duration. How Music Can Literally Heal the Heart 2021-09-18T04:00:00Z Audible clicks indicate neural activity and the brightness of LEDs indicates the cell’s action potential, the spike of electrical activity that shows it’s working. Neuroscientist wins Nature’s impact prize by supporting others and sharing hardware 2019-11-14T05:00:00Z There is no action potential in the myelinated regions, so that no cell energy is used in them. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z It is the net change in postsynaptic membrane voltage that determines whether the postsynaptic cell has reached its threshold of excitation needed to fire an action potential. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A slight overshoot of hyperpolarization marks the end of the action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Each impulse, known as an action potential, is mediated by currents of charged ions flowing through a neuron’s membrane. A breakthrough method that became vital to neuroscience 2019-10-21T04:00:00Z They were bright when a cell was resting and dimmed when the cell fired an action potential, producing signals that were tough to distinguish from the background. Genetic light bulbs illuminate the brain 2019-10-13T04:00:00Z There is an IR signal loss in the myelin, but the signal is regenerated in the gaps, where the voltage pulse triggers the action potential at full voltage. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z When a neuronal membrane is depolarized to at least the threshold of excitation, an action potential is fired. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The action potential travels down the axon as voltage-gated ion channels are opened by the spreading depolarization. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These probes revealed that although human and rodent dendrites shared basic features, such as the ability to produce an action potential, there were some key differences between the two species. What Makes Human Brain Cells Unique? 2018-10-18T04:00:00Z But ArcLight’s fluorescent responses are slow — too slow to track a neuron’s action potential, which lasts only about a millisecond. Genetic light bulbs illuminate the brain 2019-10-13T04:00:00Z Most animal cells can fire or create their own action potential. College Physics for AP Courses 2015-08-12T00:00:00Z The action potential is then propagated along a myelinated axon to the axon terminals. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The basis of the electrical signal within a neuron is the action potential that propagates down the axon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When the sum of the voltage changes reaches a point of no return, called a threshold, the neuron fires a large electrical spike — an action potential. A new way to capture the brain’s electrical symphony 2018-09-18T04:00:00Z But just as much information is encoded by the absence of an action potential as by the presence of one. Protein structures guide the design of a much-needed tool for neuroscience 2018-09-16T04:00:00Z The action potential is passed down the axon -- basically, the wire -- of a neuron in a wave as successive ion portals open and close. Plants, Like People, Succumb to Anesthesia [Video] 2018-01-28T05:00:00Z In a chemical synapse, the action potential causes release of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A speaker is powered by the signals recorded from a neuron and it “pops” each time the neuron fires an action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z "There is really a gut skin cell that sits there and fires action potential like a nerve cell," said Arthur Beyder, who studies EC cells at the Mayo Clinic. Our gut talks and sometimes argues with our brain. Now we know how. 2017-06-22T04:00:00Z But the focus on the action potential, in particular, has been primarily with regard to its role in the conduction of signals within the cell that ultimately leads to the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters. Exclusive: Oliver Sacks, Antonio Damasio and Others Debate Christof Koch on the Nature of Consciousness 2015-06-17T04:00:00Z These faulty channels then let in too many or too few ions, disturbing the way that the action potential is generated and how it travels down the neuron. Genetics: Complex expressions : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2014-07-08T04:00:00Z Why would it be impossible to trigger an action potential without voltage-gated ion channels? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In a neuronal circuit, information is transmitted through neurons in the form of an action potential, which is the electric potential difference between the inside and the outside of a neuron. [Perspective] Silencing Neurons with Light 2014-04-29T14:56:15.053Z As a consequence, the calcium signal available to trigger release is small for the initial action potential. [Report] Loose Coupling Between Ca2+ Channels and Release Sensors at a Plastic Hippocampal Synapse 2014-02-06T19:26:45.839Z When a neuron “fires”, it undergoes something called an action potential, a wave of changing voltages that goes along the membrane until it reaches the synapse. Lighting up the brain with ArcLight 2013-08-12T13:45:03.067Z The cell would not undergo depolarization and hyperpolarization, which are necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The first phase is the latent period, during which the action potential is being propagated along the sarcolemma and Ca++ ions are released from the SR. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The release of neurotransmitters is, in turn, a response to the arrival of an action potential. Neuromorphic computing: The machine of a new soul 2013-08-01T15:03:34Z Another idea is to do away with measuring devices and instead capture the post-mortem trace left by an action potential as it passes through the brain. Neuroscience: Solving the brain 2013-07-17T17:20:30.610Z So as the action potential occurs, and the voltage of the neuron changes, the voltage sensitive indicator activates the flourenscent protein attached to it. Lighting up the brain with ArcLight 2013-08-12T13:45:03.067Z Which part of the action potential would potassium channels affect, and why? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The basis of this communication is the action potential, which demonstrates how changes in the membrane can constitute a signal. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When an electrical impulse—or action potential—reaches a twig, the neuron flings spurts of chemical messages across the synapse. The Neuroscience of Twenty-Somethings 2012-08-29T15:45:03.363Z Moreover, graphene's ability to conduct electrical signals means it can interface with neurons and other cells that communicate by nerve impulse, or action potential. Bioelectronics: The bionic material 2012-03-14T22:50:46.020Z The traditional view is that neurons sum input and, if the sum reaches a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. [Essay] Eppendorf Winner: The Language of Dendrites 2011-11-03T18:55:37.813Z Repolarization after peak action potential would be affected because that is the point when K+ begins to enter the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Several passive transport channels, as well as active transport pumps, are necessary to generate a transmembrane potential and an action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Depolarization after peak action potential would be affected because that is the point when K+ begins to leave the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Repolarization after peak action potential would be affected because that is the point when K+ begins to leave the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Polarization after peak action potential would be affected because that is the point when K+ begins to enter the cell. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This figure shows the transfer of an action potential through a neuron. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Figure 12.24 Stages of an Action Potential Plotting voltage measured across the cell membrane against time, the events of the action potential can be related to specific changes in the membrane voltage. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Movement of stereocilia on hair cells results in an action potential that travels along the auditory nerve. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z In your explanation include the role of positive feedback and the mechanism of the generation of an action potential. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This is an electrical event, called an action potential, that can be used as a cellular signal. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The first part of the neuron cannot fire another action potential. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Going down the length of the axon, the action potential is propagated because more voltage-gated Na+ channels are opened as the depolarization spreads. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Neurotransmitter release occurs when an action potential travels down the motor neuron’s axon, resulting in altered permeability of the synaptic terminal membrane and an influx of calcium. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The depolarization then spreads along the sarcolemma, creating an action potential as sodium channels adjacent to the initial depolarization site sense the change in voltage and open. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The action potential moves across the entire cell, creating a wave of depolarization. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The first part of the neuron can fire another action potential. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z This signal is the action potential which has a very characteristic shape based on voltage changes across the membrane in a given time period. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During the refractory period, the membrane cannot generate another action potential. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The primary variable determining force production is the number of myofibers within the muscle that receive an action potential from the neuron that controls that fiber. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z When a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, it generates an action potential that propagates down the axon towards the synapse. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The action potential is transmitted along the neuron as a voltage wave. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z While an action potential is in progress, another cannot be generated under the same conditions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z An action potential is a special type of electrical signal that can travel along a cell membrane as a wave. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Signaling begins when a neuronal action potential travels along the axon of a motor neuron, and then along the individual branches to terminate at the NMJ. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma is the excitation portion of excitation-contraction coupling. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Explain the effect of a large dose of extracellular K+ on the transmission of the action potential in the sarcolemma. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Once that channel has returned to its resting state, a new action potential is possible, but it must be started by a relatively stronger stimulus to overcome the K+ leaving the cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z During the latent period, the action potential is being propagated along the sarcolemma. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z T-tubules are not required to reach the interior of the cell and therefore not necessary to transmit an action potential deep into the fiber. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The action potential must propagate toward the axon terminals; as a result, the polarity of the neuron is maintained, as mentioned above. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Four olfactory sensors, each innervated by a nerve that transmits information to the brain as an action potential, are shown in the diagram at the right. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z For a neuron to generate an action potential, it needs to receive input from another source, either another neuron or a sensory stimulus. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These locations have a high density of voltage-gated Na+ channels that initiate the depolarizing phase of the action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Many axons are wrapped by a myelin sheath, a lipid derivative that acts as an insulator and speeds up the transmission of the action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The voltage at which such a signal is generated is called the threshold, and the resulting electrical signal is called an action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The sarcolemma is the site of action potential conduction, which triggers muscle contraction. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z A stimulus starts the depolarization, but the action potential runs on its own once a threshold has been reached. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In this example, the action potential travels—a process known as propagation—along the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminals and into the synaptic end bulbs. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If that graded potential is strong enough to reach threshold, the second neuron generates an action potential at its axon hillock. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Acetylcholine is released at this specialized synapse, which causes the muscle action potential to begin, following a large potential known as an end plate potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This begins the neuron's refractory period, in which it cannot produce another action potential because its sodium channels will not open. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z These special types of potentials influence a neuron and determine whether an action potential will occur or not. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Also, any stimulus that depolarizes the membrane to -55 mV or beyond will cause a large number of channels to open and an action potential will be initiated. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because of the threshold, the action potential can be likened to a digital event—it either happens or it does not. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If the threshold is not reached, then no action potential occurs. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The cell would not undergo depolarization, which is necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z However, generator potentials can initiate action potentials in the sensory neuron axon, and postsynaptic potentials can initiate an action potential in the axon of other neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Also, those changes are the same for every action potential, which means that once the threshold is reached, the exact same thing happens. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A stronger stimulus, which might depolarize the membrane well past threshold, will not make a “bigger” action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Thus, for example, you will not feel a greater sensation of pain, or have a stronger muscle contraction, because of the size of the action potential because they are not different sizes. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The cell would not undergo repolarization, which is necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Graded potentials summate at a specific location at the beginning of the axon to initiate the action potential, namely the initial segment. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This triggers an action potential, which travels along the sensory fiber from the skin, through the dorsal spinal root to the spinal cord, and directly activates a ventral horn motor neuron. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This is done by releasing a neurotransmitter or other signal that hyperpolarizes the motor neuron connected to the triceps brachii, making it less likely to initiate an action potential. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The electrical signal of the action potential causes the release of a signaling molecule, which will bind to receptor proteins on the target cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The cell would not undergo depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization, which are necessary to fire an action potential and then return the cell to the resting state. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Rods are so sensitive to light that a single photon can result in an action potential from a rod’s corresponding RGC. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z If threshold is not reached, those channels do not open, and the depolarizing phase of the action potential does not occur, the cell membrane will just go back to its resting state. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Physical changes in these proteins increase ion flow across the membrane, and can generate an action potential or a graded potential in the sensory neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Photoreceptors are activated, and the signal is transferred to the retinal ganglion cells that send an action potential along the optic nerve into the diencephalon. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When an action potential is fired, what happens immediately after the peak action potential occurs? Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The axon carries the action potential away to another excitable cell. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The heart is regulated by both neural and endocrine control, yet it is capable of initiating its own action potential followed by muscular contraction. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Contractile cells have an action potential with an extended plateau phase that results in an extended refractory period to allow complete contraction for the heart to pump blood effectively. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z |
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