| 单词 | volva |
| 例句 | Fungi with red caps or stems; mushrooms with white gills, skirts or rings on their stems; and any ’shrooms with a bulbous sack or volva are all worth avoiding. Curious about mushroom foraging? It's an 'exceptionally good' year to start in SoCal 2023-02-01T05:00:00Z Yet did not the volva tell me by the fount when the scin-laeca rose from the grave that jewel of Saxon I must have to complete my knowledge? A Maid at King Alfred?s Court 2011-09-13T02:00:30.520Z C, Longitudinal section of mature plant. p, The pileus. g, The gills. a, The annulus, or remnant of velum partiale, v, Remains of volva or velum universale. s, The stalk. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z This warning the poisonous Agaric does not give, but it has the distinguishing feature of a cup or volva at the base of the stern. The Century Cook Book 2011-01-04T03:01:10.367Z P. exp. pale dingy yellow with tinge of red, with scattered white scales; g. free, white, broadest in front; s. white, squamulose below the ring, base bulbous, volva ample margin free. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae They are fleshy, membranaceous, and putrescent, having neither veil, ring, nor volva. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Whatever the power of the volva, it had left her, and she lay motionless on the stone. A Maid at King Alfred?s Court 2011-09-13T02:00:30.520Z But the volva rarely or never decays during the life of the specimen, and to reject everything with this mark is recommended to all amateurs. Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous In this order, the inner stratum of the investing volva is gelatinous. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses P. 12-18 cm. soon plane, striate, viscid, scarlet or orange with white patches; gills forming lines down the stem, white; s. 10-14 cm. stout, white, ring lax, volva broken up into concentric ridges; sp. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae In the embryonic stage the plant is enclosed in a volva which is composed of three layers, the outer one firm, the intermediate one gelatinous, and the inner one consisting of a thin membrane. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Upon the platform the volva took her place. A Maid at King Alfred?s Court 2011-09-13T02:00:30.520Z It grows in and on the borders of woods, and when half open may easily be taken for those in Plates I. or IV., if attention is not paid to the volva. Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Agaricus rubescens, P., belongs to a very suspicious group of fungi, in which the cap or pileus is commonly studded or sprinkled with paler warts, the remains of an investing volva. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Gills free; veil forming a persistent ring on the stem, volva absent. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The plants of this genus have neither veil nor volva. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Possible, also possible that volva is meant—a meat roll, a croquette. Cookery and Dining in Imperial Rome A volva; more or less enclosing the young plant, and remaining at the base of the older specimen, so that when the mushroom is pulled up a socket is left in the ground. Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous A white species, which, however, is not very common, with a bulbous base enclosed in a volva, called Agaricus vernus, should also be avoided. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses P. convex then exp. white or with a reddish tinge, glabrous, dry; g. crowded; s. white or tinged yellow, solid, glabrous; ring persistent; volva white, large. volvacea, Bull. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae At the base of the stem of the mushroom the remains of the volva are seen in the form of a sort of wrapper. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The veil is reticulate, frequently surrounding the whole of the stem from the pileus to the volva, often torn. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the youngest specimens the outline of the bulb and the young convex or nearly globose cap are only seen, and these are covered with the more or less floccose outer veil or volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Phalloidei.—In this order the hymenium is at first enclosed within a sort of peridium or universal volva, maintaining a somewhat globose or egg-shape. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Whole young fungus enclosed in a white volva, patches of which often remain on p. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The volva is a feature of great importance in the study of the Agaricini, of the subgenera Amanita, Volvaria, etc. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Natural size, showing volva at base, receptacle and cap. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Figure 58.—Amanita phalloides, volva circumscissile, concave bulb margined by definite short limb of volva; upper part of volva has disappeared from cap; cap whitish, tinged with brown. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. As the hymenium approaches maturity, the volva is ruptured, and the plant rapidly enlarges. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Ring and volva present in some species, ring alone others, both absent in others; gills adnate, adnexed or free. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae In the young stage they are enclosed in an egg-shaped volva having a gelatinous inner stratum. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The section of an egg in the center of the cluster shows the outline of the volva, the pileus, and the embryo stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva does not leave such a constant and well defined roll where it separated on the stem transversely, and the pileus is yellow or orange. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. There, now you see; the whole fungus is wrapped up in a thin white envelope; this is called a volva, from the Latin word volvo—"I roll up." Country Walks of a Naturalist with His Children P. thin, plane; g. smooth, black; s. very long rooting, volva absent; sp. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The cap is convex at first, then expanded; in some species naked and smooth; in others, clothed with membranaceous patches of the volva. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous All plants having this universal volva should be avoided, further than for the purpose of study. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The genus Amanita has both a volva and a veil; the spores are white, and the stem is easily separable from the cap. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. When the volva breaks, it leaves scattered patches on the top. Country Walks of a Naturalist with His Children P. conical, exp. yellow or yellowish ochre, edge invol. slightly striate, disc papillose, viscid, usually with broad scattered scales; g. white, crowded; s. rather narrowed upwards, base bulbous, ring thin, white, volva membranous. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The stem is distinct from the fleshy substance of the cap, ringed and furnished with a volva or sheath. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The fungus forms just below the surface of the soil, finally bursting the volva, sending up a parasol mushroom. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the young stage the volva forms a universal veil, that is, a layer of fungus tissue which entirely envelops the young plant. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The name volva is particularly given to that part of the universal veil which remains around the base of the stem, either sheathing it or appressed closely to it, or in torn fragments. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Differs from A. baccata in even p. and free margin of volva. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The very young plant is completely enveloped in a white or yellowish egg-shaped wrapper or volva, which, being friable, generally breaks up into scales, forming warts upon the upper surface of the cap. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Pileus convex, then expanded, dry, smooth, often covered with small scales, fragments of the volva; margin almost even, gray or brownish. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Perhaps no part of the plant is more variable than the outer veil or volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva and ring, or annulus, are not always present in mushrooms. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners P. persistently conical, acute, grey; g. tinged yellow then flesh-colour; s. solid, equal, closely sheathed by the thin volva. media, Schum. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae Fragments of the volva may be seen in the shape of scales or small particles upon the mushroom stem, and in wart-like patches upon the cap. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The stem stuffed, then hollow, attenuated upward, silky, white, ring distant, edge of volva not free, frequently obliterated. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Where the volva is quite thick and stout it usually splits at the apex, and there is a prominent free limb, as shown in Fig. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. There is only one genus that has both volva and ring. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Unless the small volva is noticed, this fungus will be considered as a sp. of Coprinus. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The volva is evanescent in both, leaving traces of its existence in concentric ridges at the base, and part way up the stem. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Two-thirds natural size, showing the volva cup and the ring. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth It is smooth, or with only a few remnants of the volva, striate on the margin, and 1—.5 cm. thick at the center. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Stem 2 to 3 inches long, white or yellowish, stuffed, slender, bearing a slight evanescent 91 ring; bulbous at the base, bulb slightly margined by the volva. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Flesh of stem distinct from that of pileus; gills free and remote from the stem; spores hyaline; ring and volva absent. European Fungus Flora: Agaricaceae The volva which completely envelops the young plant is very friable and soon disappears. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The stem is stuffed, with advancing age hollow, equal, floccose, white, ringed, base bulbous, volva closely embracing the stem with its free margin, ring forming a broad collar, reflexed. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth At Ithaca and in the mountains of North Carolina I have found both forms appearing at the same season, and thus far have been unable to detect the differences noted by Plowright in the volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. A part of the volva 145 remains as a sheath at the base of the stem. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners When it prepares to make its appearance by lifting the fissured earth, it is a handsome ovoid formed by the outer wrapper, the volva. The Life of the fly; with which are interspersed some chapters of autobiography Annularia includes only a few small species having a ringed stem, no volva, and free pink gills. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The stem is long, nearly equal, white, smooth, furnished with a large mebranaceous volva, the bulbous base tapering downward and rooting. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the genus Collybia the annulus and volva are both wanting, the spores are white, the gills are free or notched, or sinuate. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The universal veil or volva is a thin covering which encloses the entire young plant. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners The stem is frequently six inches long, stuffed, round, with a bulbous base, attenuated upward, squamulose, ring near apex, volva large, lax. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva is about the size of a hen's egg. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The pileus is two to three inches broad, convex, then expanded, plane, obtuse or depressed, without separable cuticle; margin nearly even; white or yellowish, usually with patches of the volva dry. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Though not possessing brilliant colors, it is handsome in its form and in the peculiar setting of the volva fragments on the rich brown or faint yellow of the pileus. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is distinguished as the only genus that has both volva and ring. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners The stem is white or yellow, stuffed, bearing a slight, sometimes evanescent, ring, bulbous, at the base, the bulb slightly margined by the volva. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth At first wholly enclosed in a volva which becomes torn at the apex and falls away, leaving a calyx-like base at its point of contact with the stem. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The stem is bulbous at the base but the volva is rarely seen upon it although slight patches are frequently seen on the pileus. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Presence or Absence of Ring or Volva.—Of the mushrooms which have stems there are four types with respect to the presence or absence of the ring and volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva around the base of the stem is formed by the splitting or bursting of the veil, and its different modes of rupture mark the several species. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners It can only be distinguished from the white form of the A. phalloides by its closer sheathing volva and perhaps a more ovate pileus when young. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the brown variety the stem and ring are often tinged with brown, as also the volva. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The strong distinguishing character of the species is the almost entire absence of any remains of the volva at the base of the stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the third type the volva is present, but the ring is absent, as in the genus Volvaria, or Amanitopsis. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It was large-sized, measuring 7 inches across cap, of a grayish-white color, with prominent warts; the stem was mealy, the volva was large. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners The stem is five to eight inches long, frequently longer, tapering upward, floccosely scaly, bulbous, rooting beyond the bulb; ring large, torn; volva forming concentric rings. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth Amanita verna, however, carries a white volva or cup-shaped sheath at the base of the stem, and the gills do not show a pinkish or flesh colored tinge at any stage. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous Caps, gills, stem and collar yellow, volva white. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth As the pileus expands and the stem elongates, the volva is ruptured in different ways according to the species. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is 102 not bulbous, but is sheathed quite high in a loose, soft wrapper, the remains of the volva. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners The volva with its free margin is acute and narrow. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In Lepiota naucinoides, as in all the Lepiotas, the volva is wanting. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous When in the button stage, the plant is ovate; and the white color of the volva, which now entirely surrounds the plant, presents an appearance much like a hen's egg in size, color, and shape. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth These are formed by the splitting of the outer veil or volva, and form the remnants of the volva present on the base of the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Cap 2 to 4 inches broad, ovate, campanulate, then spreading, obtuse, with a cuticle, sticky in moist weather, rarely sprinkled with one or two fragments of the volva, the margin regular, even. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners It has seldom any distinct evidence of a volva at the base but abundant evidence on the cap. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The Smooth white lepiota shows neither volva nor trace of one, and has other distinct characteristics which distinguish it from A. phalloides. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The plant resembles the dark forms of the Amanitopsis in having the marked striations and the entire and closely fitting volva at the base, but can be easily distinguished by its ring. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The fungus threads composing this layer cease to grow, and with the expansion of the cap and the elongation of the stem, the volva is torn into patches. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. There are four lines with descriptions, the last one, “no ring and no volva,” is right, which leads to 7. Among the Mushrooms A Guide For Beginners Notice a portion of the volva adhering to the cap. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva is a membrane which envelops the entire plant in embryo, giving it the appearance of an egg. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous It differs from the Lepiota in having a volva. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth One or more of them lie on the upper part of the bulb, forming the "limb" of the "ocreate" volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva is long, thin, fragile, forming a permanent sheath which is quite soft and readily adheres to the base of the stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The pileus is two to four inches broad, soon plane, livid-bay or gray, with patches of the volva, margin striate or grooved. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth There are mushrooms in other genera which show a volva or sheath at the base of the stem, and which contain edible species, but in these the stem is ringless. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous They have no volva, no ring on the stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In Amanita frostiana the remains of the volva sometimes form a similar collar, but not so stout, on the base of the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva soon breaking up, forming several ring-like ridges on the stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The cap is generally quite fleshy; the stem is homogeneous and confluent with the pileus, central and nearly fleshy, without either ring or volva, and with no distinct bark-like coat. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth In the careless pulling up of the plant the volva in the volvate species is often left behind. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The veil is universal, forming a perfect volva, distinct from the cuticle of the pileus. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth It is easily recognized by its usually large size, yellow or orange color of the cap, gills, stem and ring, and the prominent, white, sac-like volva at the base of the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The genus has neither a volva nor a ring and the spores are white. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The ring and volva are both wanting in this genus. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth As the young plant expands it breaks through the top of this volva or wrapper, and, emerging, carries with it patches of the membrane on the upper surface of the cap. Student's Hand-book of Mushrooms of America, Edible and Poisonous The stem is three to six inches long, tapering upward, solid, smooth, the tough volva remaining like a cup at the base. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth It is cylindrical, only slightly enlarged below, where it is covered by the large, fleshy, sac-like white volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The egg form of the V. bombycina showing the universal veil or volva bursting at the apex. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva is quite thick and frequently the plant, when in the egg state, has the appearance of a phalloid. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The stem is white, smooth, volva split to the base into four nearly equal segments. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva is always present, free, variously torn, white and sometimes grayish. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva splits open at the apex as the stem elongates. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The general and partial veil are both absent, hence it is without ring or volva. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva and annulus are absent in this genus, the spores are rosy, the gills adnate to sinuate or adnexed, easily separating from the stem in some species. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In some cases the volva is probably thinner than in others, and with the rapid expansion of the pileus in wet weather the scales would be smaller, or more floccose. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. There is no volva, but there is a ring which is sometimes persistent, friable, and fugacious. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth It is well named since the prominent volva forms a large sheath to the cylindrical base of the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This genus has white spores, and a volva, but the annulus and inner veil are wanting. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the genus Tricholoma the volva and annulus are both wanting, the spores are white, and the gills are attached to the stem, but are more or less strongly notched or sinuate at the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The genus is characterized then by the rosy or reddish spores, the presence of a volva, and the annulus is wanting. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. When this volva is ruptured small heaps of spores will often be seen on the volva, having been protected from the wind. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The genus Lepiota lacks a volva, but the veil is present forming a ring on the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This genus takes its name from the volva, which means a wrapper, and which, as we know from our studies of Amanita, entirely envelops the plant at a young stage. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva is sordid white, and sheathes the stem with a long free limb of 3–5 lobes. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the button stage the plant is ovate and the white color of the volva, which at this time entirely surrounds the plants, presents an appearance not unlike that of an egg. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The large egg on the left in the background of Figure 449 is nearly ready to break the volva. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth There are very few evidences of the volva on the stem since the volva is so floccose and torn into loose fragments, most of which remain on the surface of the cap. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. It is smooth or faintly striate on the margin, and covered with numerous scattered, thin, floccose, grayish scales, forming remnants of the larger part of the volva or outer veil. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The genus is closely related to Lepiota, from which it is separated by the volva being separate from the pileus. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. As the stem elongates and the pileus enlarges and expands, the volva is torn into areolate patches. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The egg in the center is about ready to break the volva and develop to a full grown plant. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The pileus is from ovate to bell-shaped, then convex and expanded, smooth, rarely with fragments of the volva on the surface. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The pileus is thin, and deeply striate on the margin, covered with a grayish floccose, powdery or mealy substance, the remnant of the evanescent volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In some the volva splits at the apex and is left as a "cup" at the base of the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In still other cases the volva breaks irregularly, and only remnants of it may be found on either the base of the stem or on the pileus. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. One-third natural size, showing volva, white receptacle and red cap. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth When there is a clean rupture at the apex the pileus is free from scales, but if portions of the apex of the volva are torn away they are apt to remain on the cap. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The pileus is hemispherical to convex, and expanded, smooth, whitish, with a tinge of straw color, and covered with torn, thin floccose patches of the upper half of the circumscissile volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the first type both the ring and volva are absent, as in the common fairy ring mushroom, Marasmius oreades; in the genus Lactarius, Russula, Tricholoma, Clitocybe, and others. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the second type the ring is present while the volva is absent, as in the common mushroom, Agaricus campestris, and its close allies; in the genus Lepiota, Armillaria, and others. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The genus Amanita has both a volva and veil. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth It is covered either with flaky or floccose portions of the volva, or with more or less distinct conic white scales, especially toward the center. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the fourth type both the ring and volva are present, as in the genus Amanita. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The presence or absence of these scales on the cap depends entirely on the way in which the volva ruptures. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Sometimes thin portions of the volva are caught, and remain on the surface of the pileus. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva is universal at first, enveloping the young plant, yet distinct and free from the cuticle of the pileus. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva and annulus are wanting in this genus, and the spores are white. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva is circumscissile, the margin of the bulb not being clear cut and prominent, because there is much refuse matter and soil interwoven with the lower portion of the volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This is the volva, sometimes popularly called the "death cup," or "poison cup." Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Ocreate, applied to the volva where it fits the lower part of the stem, as a stocking does the leg. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. There are also variations in the way in which the volva is ruptured, as well as in the character of the stem. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth It lacks a volva, but has an annulus; the gills are attached to the stem. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. In the figure there can be seen cross lines extending through this part from the pileus to the wall of the volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. Page 69 a few remnants of the volva, striate on the margin, and 1-.5 cm. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The outline of the volva can be seen in Fig. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The volva of this species is quite variable and more or less buried in the ground, where careful observation will reveal it. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth The volva is large, edge free, but fitting very close, flabby and irregularly torn. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. This is the volva and is formed by the gelatinization of the outer layer of threads which compose it. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. The outer portion of the egg forms the volva. Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc. |
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