| 单词 | vertebral column |
| 例句 | For example, the T is a vertebral column: It was really the best letter to do that, and, as I made it, I saw that it became a cross, too. New dimensions of type 2012-06-11T00:00:00Z Hinged to a black vertebral column, they form a striking, if provisional, alignment. 3 Outdoor Art Shows and One Trusty Dog (With Tricks!) 2018-09-06T04:00:00Z It is early days, but we have used gastruloids to study the process of somitogenesis, the process that generates the vertebral column and the muscles. Small Collections of Cells Determine How a Body Takes Its Shape 2023-11-09T05:00:00Z Lampreys possess a notochord as adults; however, this notochord is surrounded by a cartilaginous structure called an arcualia, which may resemble an evolutionarily early form of the vertebral column. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Vertebrates do not have a notochord at any point in their development; instead, they have a vertebral column. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The adult vertebral column comprises 26 bones: the 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx bones. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Invertebrates include all animals that lack a vertebral column. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The vertebral column consists of 24 bones, each called a vertebra, plus the sacrum and coccyx. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In adult vertebrates, the vertebral column replaces the notochord, which is only seen in the embryonic stage. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z What can be inferred about the evolution of the cranium and the vertebral column from examining hagfishes and lampreys? Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z A firmer, more ossified vertebral column became common in terrestrial tetrapods because it reduces strain while providing the strength needed to support the body’s weight. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Inslee must put finding an evenhanded appointee with a sturdy vertebral column first rather than simply installing a Democratic loyalist into the office that has eluded his party in every election since 1964. Preserve Wyman’s legacy with a worthy elections successor 2021-10-27T04:00:00Z These condyles form joints with the first cervical vertebra and thus support the skull on top of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Photo shows a fish skeleton with a vertebral column extending back from the skull. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The vertebral column contains 26 bones and surrounds and protects the spinal cord. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Because of a lateral undulating vertebral column, in early tetrapods, the limbs were splayed out to the side and movement occurred by performing “push-ups.” Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The finding suggested a regionalized vertebral column evolved early in land animal history, even before the divergence of mammals and reptiles. The evolution of the spine fueled the rise of mammals—and human back problems 2018-09-20T04:00:00Z The shape and orientation of the articular processes vary in different regions of the vertebral column and play a major role in determining the type and range of motion available in each region. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A question next to the trunk asks whether a vertebral column is present. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 16.15 The axial skeleton, shown in blue, consists of the bones of the skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The axial skeleton is composed of the bones of the skull, ossicles of the ear, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and ribcage. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “We need to practically renegotiate the vertebral column of the deal,” he said. Colombia Pact’s Foes Seek Jail for FARC Rebels 2016-10-04T04:00:00Z Ligaments that extend along the length of the vertebral column also contribute to its overall support and stability. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Again using Figure 3, the tree shows that the oldest trait is the vertebral column, followed by hinged jaws, and so forth. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z The vertebral column, or spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and acts as an attachment point for ribs and muscles of the back and neck. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The vertebral column contains 26 bones, and it surrounds and protects the spinal cord. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Skulls and vertebral columns are, by definition, inevitable. The bony secrets behind marvels of animal world 2014-02-18T19:36:35Z Intervertebral discs are also flexible and can change shape to allow for movements of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z So, for the organisms in Figure 3, just because a vertebral column evolved does not mean that invertebrate evolution ceased, it only means that a new branch formed. Fundamentals of Biology 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z Figure 12.5 This phylogenetic tree is rooted by an organism that lacked a vertebral column. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z Again using Figure 20.4, the tree shows that the oldest trait is the vertebral column, followed by hinged jaws, and so forth. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z “Only when we analysed the DNA and took a close look at the skull and vertebral column did the significance of what we found sink in.” New Species, Thor's Hero Shrew, Will Back Itself in Any Feat of Strength 2013-07-23T23:45:00.657Z These serve to resist excess forward or backward bending movements of the vertebral column, respectively. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z We have much of the dorsal vertebral column of the animal and at least part of its pectoral skeleton. Plesiosaurs and the repeated invasion of freshwater habitats: late-surviving relicts or evolutionary novelties? 2013-01-10T01:15:00.203Z Again using Figure 12.5, the tree shows that the oldest trait is the vertebral column, followed by hinged jaws, and so forth. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z So, for the organisms in Figure 20.4, just because a vertebral column evolved does not mean that invertebrate evolution ceased, it only means that a new branch formed. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Relevant for the neck wars: note that the neck is inclined upwards relative to the dorsal vertebral column. Dissecting a crocodile 2012-05-24T17:15:07.103Z The anterior longitudinal ligament runs down the anterior side of the entire vertebral column, uniting the vertebral bodies. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Then 3,g would be the more representational form with the vertebral column left in—though it is also partway transitional to the triple-line angle-and-forking pattern of plate 1 and of 3,a,b above. Mohave Pottery 2012-04-26T02:00:09.420Z So, for the organisms in Figure 12.5, just because a vertebral column evolved does not mean that invertebrate evolution ceased, it only means that a new branch formed. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z They range from a fetus in the uterus to the vertebral column, and will constitute the largest-ever exhibition of Leonardo's anatomical work, and the first in the United Kingdom since 1977. Medicine: Leonardo's anatomy years 2012-04-23T13:50:26.960Z This is normal for alert crocs: the neck does not continue in a straight line from the dorsal part of the vertebral column. Dissecting a crocodile 2012-05-24T17:15:07.103Z This strong ligament supports the vertebral column during forward bending motions. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A single one of these fist-blows, planted in the back, would suffice to break the vertebral column. Mysterious Psychic Forces An Account of the Author's Investigations in Psychical Research, Together with Those of Other European Savants 2012-03-28T02:00:29.747Z The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2012-03-24T02:00:23.513Z The beak is used instead of hands; and such is the flexibility of the vertebral column, that the bird is able to touch with its beak every part of its body. Sheep, Swine, and Poultry Embracing the History and Varieties of Each; The Best Modes of Breeding; Their Feeding and Management; Together with etc. 2012-03-21T02:00:35.167Z There are two vertebral columns, which usually are separate down to the sacrum, and they converge at the lower end. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z However, the small movements available between adjacent vertebrae can sum together along the length of the vertebral column to provide for large ranges of body movements. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Judging from the remains — all four legs are still attached by the hide to the vertebral column — this moose was probably killed the night before last. Scientist at Work Blog: One Moose, Two Moose 2012-02-03T23:03:17Z No tails, no swimbladders, no ribs, no pectoral or pelvic girdles, a really short vertebral column, and so on. A symbiotic relationship between sunfish and albatrosses? Say what? 2012-02-02T04:15:00.337Z Skeleton.—The vertebral column of the lamprey is represented by a persistent notochord surrounded by a thick sheath, which shows no signs of invasion by cartilage cells or of segmentation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 8 "Cube" to "Daguerre, Louis" 2012-01-31T03:00:17.257Z The livers were fused, the vertebral columns were distinct throughout. Essays In Pastoral Medicine 2012-03-05T03:00:09.993Z Figure 9.3 Intervertebral Disc An intervertebral disc unites the bodies of adjacent vertebrae within the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This means that the anterior part of the vertebral column was very stiff, with hardly any side-to-side motion being possible. Rigid Swimmer and the Cretaceous Ichthyosaur Revolution (part I) 2012-01-03T23:45:00.273Z The vertebrates, as the name indicates, are recognised by the presence of an interior skeleton formed by a central axis, the vertebral column, round which the other parts of the skeleton are arranged. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The vertebral column is almost entirely welded into a solid tube, but there is a complex joint at the base of the neck, to allow the head being retracted within the carapace. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 2 "Gloss" to "Gordon, Charles George" 2011-10-31T02:00:28.703Z Atlas, at′las, n. that piece of the human vertebral column which articulates with the skull, so called because it supports the head: a collection of maps. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 1 of 4: A-D) 2011-10-11T02:01:08.990Z The intervertebral symphysis is a wide symphysis located between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The ribs of Urodela are shown to be upper ribs, yet we find besides these in Urodela rudimentary lower ribs fused with the vertebral column. The Ancestry of Modern Amphibia: A Review of the Evidence 2011-09-10T02:00:27.077Z In the ox, the ribs are flattened laterally and are very broad, the more so as we examine a portion further from the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z At the end of the vertebral column, curling faintly outward in suggestive fashion, are three, four, and occasionally five vertebr� forming the coccyx, a true rudimentary tail. McClure's Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1 2011-07-17T02:00:36.813Z I had the bull carefully covered, and as he swayed forward in the first impulse of attack, my bullet struck him in the middle of the neck and crashed through the vertebral column. Lodges in the Wilderness 2011-06-15T02:00:17.057Z Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z On the development of the vertebral column of the Anura. The Ancestry of Modern Amphibia: A Review of the Evidence 2011-09-10T02:00:27.077Z In the cetaceans—for example, the dolphin—because of the absence of posterior limbs, the pelvis is represented by two separate bones only, which have no connection with the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The first class embraces the vertebral animals, distinguished by having a vertebral column, or back-bone, a regular skeleton, and a regular nervous system. The Religion of Geology and Its Connected Sciences 2011-02-28T03:00:28.890Z Most of the neck bones of birds are relatively long, and the length of the neck is often greater than the remainder of the vertebral column. Dragons of the Air An Account of Extinct Flying Reptiles 2011-02-20T03:00:13.067Z The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each vertebral region. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Recent work on the development of the vertebral column. The Ancestry of Modern Amphibia: A Review of the Evidence 2011-09-10T02:00:27.077Z The muscles are extensors of the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z His leg bones and ribs were mostly disarticulated, his skull was separated from the vertebral column, and his mandible had separated. An Experimental Translocation of the Eastern Timber Wolf 2011-01-21T03:00:13.917Z It appears sometimes to have been as long as the entire vertebral column. Dragons of the Air An Account of Extinct Flying Reptiles 2011-02-20T03:00:13.067Z However, the flattened and vertically positioned thoracic articular processes allow for the greatest range of rotation within the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z U' ro style, a long bone forming the hinder extremity of the vertebral column of tailless amphibia. A Guide for the Study of Animals 2011-01-18T03:00:14.913Z In the carnivora, the panniculus of the trunk is not attached to the supraspinous ligament; it is blended with the same muscle of the opposite side, passing over the spinous region of the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z This fish is remarkable for its 205negative characters; it can hardly be said to possess a brain, vertebral column, or heart, &c.; so that it was classed by the older naturalists amongst the worms. The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, Vol. I 2011-01-17T03:00:49.523Z A vertebra nearly 5 inches long, which is more than twice the length of the longest neck bones in the Stuttgart fossil, is the only indication of the vertebral column. Dragons of the Air An Account of Extinct Flying Reptiles 2011-02-20T03:00:13.067Z The joints of the vertebral column include the symphysis joints formed by each intervertebral disc and the plane synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The long axis of the organ is obliquely placed so that the upper pole is much nearer the vertebral column than the lower pole. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z In animals the sacrum and the coccyx, as a matter of fact, clearly continue the superior border of the skeleton of the trunk; hence we study them with the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The heart then took the shape merely of a simple pulsating vessel; and a long undivided spinal cord usurped the place of the vertebral column. Charles Darwin 2010-12-24T03:00:33.847Z This is the most perfect arrangement attained by the vertebral column, and is typical of, and restricted to, birds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z The range of motions available in each region of the vertebral column varies, with all of these motions available in the cervical region. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A second character of this group consists in the presence of two occipital 'condyles', or processes by means of which the skull articulates with the spine or vertebral column; Reptiles possessing one condyle only. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 2 Amiel to Atrauli It is obliquely placed, from before backwards, and from below upwards; immediately behind the lumbar section of the vertebral column; and is continued by the coccygeal vertebræ, which form the skeleton of the tail. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The marked curvature of the vertebral column, by breaking the shock to the neck and head in running and leaping, likewise favours the erect position. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" The scapula is sabre-shaped, and extends backwards over the ribs, lying almost parallel to the vertebral column. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 3, Slice 7 "Bible" to "Bisectrix" 2010-12-20T17:12:05.780Z Figure 11.15 Muscles of the Neck and Back The large, complex muscles of the neck and back move the head, shoulders, and vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Our head, balanced as it is upon the cervical vertebral column, is continually in a state of unstable equilibrium and therefore peculiarly susceptible to movement-impulses of every kind. Clever Hans (The horse of Mr. Von Osten): A contribution to experimental animal and human psychology The curves of the vertebral column are, in quadrupeds, slightly different from those which characterize the human spine. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z The vertebral column of the gorilla differs from that of man in its curvature and other characters, as also does the conformation of its narrow pelvis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" That it is accompanied by a greater degree of growth in the vertebral column than in the periphery of the costal plates is obvious. Kyphosis and other Variations in Soft-shelled Turtles The erector spinae group forms the majority of the muscle mass of the back and it is the primary extensor of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In all the remaining genera of Delphinidae the cervical region of the vertebral column is very short, and the first two, and usually more, of the vertebrae are firmly united. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" The great oblique, when it contracts, compresses the abdominal viscera in all circumstances under which this compression is necessary; it also acts as a flexor of the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z As to the vertebral column and pelvis, the lower apes differ from the gorilla as much as, or more than, it differs from man. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Slice 2 "Anjar" to "Apollo" In the Siluridae Stenobranchiae of Gunther the dorsal fin consists of an adipose portion and a short-rayed fin which belongs to the abdominal vertebral column, and, like the adipose fin, may be sometimes absent. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" It controls flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, and maintains the lumbar curve. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The pelvis is represented by a pair of small rod-like bones placed longitudinally, suspended below and at some distance from the vertebral column at the commencement of the tail. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" In contracting, this muscle brings the chest nearer the pelvis, and as a result flexes the vertebral column. Artistic Anatomy of Animals 2011-12-17T03:00:16.893Z In like manner all the parts of the vertebral column itself in the same animal, whether in the skull, the neck, or the trunk, are composed of the same elementary structures. The Origin of the World According to Revelation and Science They were of a grey colour, while a narrow white line, taking its origin between the shoulders, ran to the base of the tail, following exactly the vertebral column. The Ruined Cities of Zululand The sympathetic chain ganglia constitute a row of ganglia along the vertebral column that receive central input from the lateral horn of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the vertebral column, the cervical region is short and immobile, and the vertebrae, always seven in number, are in many species more or less fused together into a solid mass. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" He had perceived around the vertebral column a sort of belt. Toilers of the Sea The organs by which we obtain our different perceptions are not insulated parts, but communicate with a substance, termed the brain, and which is continued through the vertebral column. Sound Mind or, Contributions to the natural history and physiology of the human intellect The vertebral column is short, and the vertebrae differ but slightly in number and form throughout the group. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" Why is the lumbar puncture performed in the lower lumbar area of the vertebral column? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The bones lie in great disorder, except that some parts of the roof of the skull are associated, and the middle section of the vertebral column is approximately in place. A New Order of Fishlike Amphibia From the Pennsylvanian of Kansas The keelson was snapped, the vertebral column of the skeleton was broken. Toilers of the Sea When the Indian struck with his mace upon the but-end of the pole, the iron pierced through the nape, into the vertebral column, and penetrated the spinal marrow, the only vulnerable part. Adventures in the Philippine Islands From the first dorsal to the last lumbar the vertebral column forms a single curve, most pronounced in the lumbar region. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 2 "Chicago, University of" to "Chiton" Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The magnitude and extent of the vectors of force transmitted through the occiput from the articulation with the vertebral column and from the pull of the axial musculature. The Adductor Muscles of the Jaw In Some Primitive Reptiles Malignant Disease of the Vertebræ.—Sarcoma is the most important of the primary tumours met with in the vertebral column. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The fastening over my face holds it upturned to the sky; and my head feels firmly set—as if the vertebral column of my neck had become ossified into a solid mass! The Wild Huntress Love in the Wilderness It seemed that with the fraction of an inch more the vertebral column must crack like a stick of candy. Desert Conquest or, Precious Waters During fetal development, the body is flexed anteriorly into the fetal position, giving the entire vertebral column a single curvature that is concave anteriorly. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Her emaciation was so extreme that it was said her vertebral column could be felt through the abdominal walls. Fasting Girls Their Physiology and Pathology The general condition of the patient, the freedom of movement of the vertebral column, and the entire absence of rigidity, are sufficient to exclude tuberculosis. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. That adult man is devoid of that prolongation of the vertebral column which we call a tail is not a distinctive peculiarity. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 15 — Science The position of the head, eyes, and ears, the neck, the central vertebral column, the fore legs, which are arms in that position, the pelvis, the hind legs, all bear a close resemblance. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 18, No. 108, October, 1866 In the adult, this fetal curvature is retained in two regions of the vertebral column as the thoracic curve, which involves the thoracic vertebrae, and the sacrococcygeal curve, formed by the sacrum and coccyx. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z So that this part of the vertebral column differs considerably in appearance from the same part in the wild rabbit, and closely resembles in an interesting manner these same vertebr� in some species of hares. The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Vol. I. The vertebral canal contains the spinal cord so suspended within its membranes that it does not touch the bones, and is not disturbed by the movements of the vertebral column. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Just as the brain is a specially modified part of the nerve-rod, the skull is only a modified part of the vertebral column. The World's Greatest Books — Volume 15 — Science First, occupying the major axis of body we perceive the primitive vertebral column. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions Each of these is thus called a primary curve because they are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Who can look on unmoved at the spectacle of children whose vertebral column is being deformed by using desks, just as in the Middle Ages the instep was deformed by the torture of the boot. Spontaneous Activity in Education As the clinical importance of a spinal injury depends almost entirely on the degree of damage done to the cord, we shall consider injuries of the cord before those of the vertebral column. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. He divides the vertebral columns into cervical, dorsal, and lumbar portions. Fathers of Biology As yet, however, there are no limbs, nor even any bony skeleton, for the primitive vertebral column is hitherto unossified cartilage. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions Because of this, the vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness going down the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The back of the neck contains the vertebral column, and is close to the brain. The Physical Life of Woman: Advice to the Maiden, Wife and Mother The posterior or vertebral compartment contains the muscles of the back of the neck, the vertebral column and its contents, and the prevertebral muscles. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Diseases of the bones of the vertebral column, or even those of the organs of circulation, may give rise to an exhibition of similar symptoms. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse At first—in Jurassic strata—the tail is fully a half of the whole vertebral column. Darwin, and After Darwin (Vol. 1 and 3, of 3) An Exposition of the Darwinian Theory and a Discussion of Post-Darwinian Questions These orientations are important determinants for the type and range of movements available to the thoracic region of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Some claim that to leave the vertebral column attached to the skin of the back is an invaluable aid in giving that part its proper shape. Home Taxidermy for Pleasure and Profit A Guide for Those Who Wish to Prepare and Mount Animals, Birds, Fish, Reptiles, etc., for Home, Den, or Office Decoration The knife may even reach the vertebral column without damaging the contents of the carotid sheath. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Symptoms.—The symptoms are characteristic of a loss of rigidity or firmness of the vertebral column, both when the animal is at rest and in action. Special Report on Diseases of the Horse The development of the skull is entirely dissimilar to that of the vertebral column. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata This ligament is much larger and stronger in four- legged animals such as cows, where the large skull hangs off the front end of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This well illustrates the comparatively slight vibratory effect of a bullet travelling with a degree of velocity insufficient to completely perforate the vertebral column. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre The other kind of serial repetitions, namely, those of the vertebral column, are explained by Mr. Spencer as the results of alternate strains and compressions acting on a primitively homogeneous cylinder. On the Genesis of Species So, too, the ear-capsule is not part of the cranial vertebræ, but is rather to be compared to the intercalary bones in the vertebral column of certain fish. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology In the very young rabbit, the limb bones, vertebral column, and many of the skull bones are simply plates and bars of cartilage; the future membrane bones, however are planned out in connective tissue. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Both of these ligaments provide important support for the vertebral column when bending forward. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Blood-staining of psoas sheath; no injury to vertebral column or to bowel detected. Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900 Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre A tiger may seize by the nape in order to get a temporary purchase, but it would be awkward for him to pull the head back far enough to snap the vertebral column. Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon In his further study of the development of Blennius viviparus, Rathke observed some important facts about the development of the vertebral column and skull. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The nerves which emerge from the vertebral column between the vertebrae, arise, unlike the cranial nerves, by two roots. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Figure 7.31 Ligaments of Vertebral Column The anterior longitudinal ligament runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior sides of the vertebral bodies. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Deviation of the esophagus may be marked in the presence of a deformed vertebral column, though dysphagia is a very uncommon symptom. Bronchoscopy and Esophagoscopy A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery The vertebral column is remarkable for the great transverse processes directed downwards, forwards, and widening at the ends. Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon Huxley now goes on to consider the relation of this general plan or type of the skull to the structure and development of the vertebral column. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology As the tadpole approaches the frog stage the vertebral column in the tail is rapidly absorbed, and its vestiges appear in the adult as the urostyle. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata The adult vertebral column consists of 24 vertebrae plus the sacrum and coccyx. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column in animal life was first developed on the horizontal plane, and so, naturally, when man was evolved and adopted the erect position, certain modifications of the spine were necessary. Vitality Supreme The vertebral column is often ankylosed in the fore-part, but is extremely elastic, owing to the cartilaginous cushion between each bone in the latter half. Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon The best way to state the facts is to say that both skull and vertebral column start in their development from the same point, but immediately begin to diverge. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The thorax is bounded dorsally by the vertebral column, and ventrally by the sternum. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata The lower limb is attached to the vertebral column by the pelvic girdle. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A new strain developed on the vertebral column which was due to the new position, and so there came about certain changes in its structure. Vitality Supreme The politest of Roman poets has felicitously described how the two halves of a warrior's head fell to right and left of his vertebral column. Rudyard Kipling The vertebral column develops as a segmented structure round the notochord; the skull develops first as an unsegmented plate extending far beyond the notochord. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The pelvic girdle differs from the pectoral in most land vertebrata in being articulated with the vertebral column. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata Figure 8.2 Axial and Appendicular Skeletons The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Teratoma.—A teratoma is believed to result from partial dichotomy or cleavage of the trunk axis of the embryo, and is found exclusively in connection with the skull and vertebral column. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Under this is formed a straight rod of gelatinous material, the foundation of the vertebral column, and the body of the embryo is gradually pinched off from the surface of the hollow sphere. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work "Every animal lives either outside or inside its vertebral column." Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology Posteriorly the vertebral column terminates in the urostyle, a calcified unsegmented rod. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata This orientation provides the cervical vertebral column with extensive ranges of motion for flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The ankylosing type of chronic arthritis is fortunately much rarer than those described above, and is chiefly met with in the joints of the fingers and toes and in those of the vertebral column. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The nerve tissue is the brain and spinal cord; the sheath is the skull in front and the vertebral column along the greater part of the length of the animal. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work Goethe seems to have been the first to hit upon the idea that the skull is composed of a number of vertebræ, serially homologous with those of the vertebral column. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology I knew the gravity of all these faults, but influenced by pride, I became blinded and ate the meat attached to the vertebral columns of animals. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Spinal nerves extend outward from the vertebral column to enervate the periphery. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In course of time the vertebral column becomes rigid, the head is bent forward, the hips are flexed, and abduction and other movements of the arms are limited. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. What Huxley did was to show that the skull, in its mode of origin and real nature, was not merely an expanded portion of the vertebral column, but that it differed from it in kind. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work On another line of thought the 095sternum is a ventral vertebral column. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology It might indeed be described as a vertebral column from which iron roads will ere long be extended laterally on either side, like ribs, to support and bind together the huge frame. The Awakening of China This occurs at four places along the length of the vertebral column, each identified as a nerve plexus, whereas the other spinal nerves directly correspond to nerves at their respective levels. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the vertebral column, hydatids give rise to angular deformity and paraplegia. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Taking the embryological facts, he shewed that the skull arose out of elements quite different from those of the vertebral column. Thomas Henry Huxley; A Sketch Of His Life And Work The skeleton of each member is in some respects a repetition of the vertebral column. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology But the vertebral column is not perfected by fish. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 Each hip bone, in turn, is firmly joined to the axial skeleton via its attachment to the sacrum of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Periosteal tuberculosis is met with in the ribs, sternum, vertebral column, skull, and less frequently in the long bones of the limbs. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Body composed of definite segments arranged longitudinally one behind the other; main masses of the nervous system placed dorsally; a backbone or "vertebral column" in the majority. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Thus the notochord is the necessary forerunner of the vertebral column, cartilage the precursor of bone. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology This law is even more strikingly illustrated in the embryonic development of the vertebral column and skull, if we had time to trace their development. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The back muscles stabilize and move the vertebral column, and are grouped according to the lengths and direction of the fascicles. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To prevent relapses of lumbago, the patient must take systematic exercises of all kinds, especially such as bring out the movements of the vertebral column and hip-joints. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. A cellular rod which is developed in the embryo of Vertebrates immediately beneath the spinal cord, and which is usually replaced in the adult by the vertebral column. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science Applied to the "Theory of the Skull," the gradation method consists in comparing the parts of the skull and vertebral column in adult animals with respect to their form and connections. Form and Function A Contribution to the History of Animal Morphology The vertebral column of sharks has reached this stage. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The muscles of the vertebral column, thorax, and abdominal wall extend, flex, and stabilize different parts of the body’s trunk. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z He fell on his head on the pavé of the broad avenue, breaking the vertebral column. France in the Nineteenth Century Applied especially to the articular surface or surfaces by which the skull articulates with the vertebral column. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science He has performed a feat of strength and skill rendered easy by the exercise that he has given to the muscles occupying the colliciæ of his vertebral column. Scientific American Supplement, No. 787, January 31, 1891 But the skull is far more complex in origin and undergoes far more numerous and important changes than the simpler vertebral column. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The picture you have in your mind of the nervous system probably includes the brain, the nervous tissue contained within the cranium, and the spinal cord, the extension of nervous tissue within the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In the Vertebrates there is a vertebral column terminating in a prominent head; this column has an arch above and an arch below, forming a double internal cavity. The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 09, No. 51, January, 1862 One of the bony segments of the vertebral column or backbone. The Ancient Life History of the Earth A Comprehensive Outline of the Principles and Leading Facts of Palæontological Science What Christian experience wants is THREAD, a vertebral column, method. Beautiful Thoughts The new and characteristic organ was not the vertebral column, or series of vertebræ, or backbone, from which the kingdom has derived its name. The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 The brain is contained within the cranial cavity of the skull, and the spinal cord is contained within the vertebral cavity of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The Spinal Cord, or spinal marrow, fills the spinal canal in the vertebral column, or "backbone." The Hindu-Yogi Science Of Breath If the finger is cut, there is a special emotion in one place of the vertebral column. Delsarte System of Oratory Scoliosis may be a cervicodorsal, dorsolumbar, or lumbosacral curve, and the inclination of the vertebral column may be to the right or left. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine Can the heart become misshapen and contract incurable deformities and infirmities under the oppression of a disproportionate unhappiness, as the vertebral column beneath too low a vault? Les Misérables The spinal cord is not the full length of the vertebral column because the spinal cord does not grow significantly longer after the first or second year, but the skeleton continues to grow. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column was fractured in more than one place. Ghost Stories of an Antiquary Part 2: More Ghost Stories From these twenty-four vertebrae proceed the nervous plexi, all aiding a particular expression; so that the vertebral column forms the keys of the sympathetic human instrument. Delsarte System of Oratory The vertebral columns, which were entirely separate above, were joined below by a rudimentary os innorminatum. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine What Christian experience wants is thread, a vertebral column, method. Pax Vobiscum As the vertebral column grows, these nerves grow with it and result in a long bundle of nerves that resembles a horse’s tail and is named the cauda equina. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z At last Anna, settling herself firmly on the limb, raised her club with both hands and delivered a slashing blow on the neck of her foe, breaking, as they afterward found, his vertebral column. The Junior Classics — Volume 8 Animal and Nature Stories As I understand it, he actually anticipated in his pamphlet Saint Hilaire's theory of the universal type, and supported the hypothesis by describing the notochord of the amphioxus as a cartilaginous vertebral column. Crucial Instances Strange to say, the blade had passed between the vertebral column and the esophagus, and to the right of the aorta, but had wounded neither of these organs. Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine On awakening Mignonne was absent; he climbed the hillock and afar off saw her returning in the long bounds characteristic of those animals who cannot run owing to the extreme flexibility of the vertebral column. Short Stories and Selections for Use in the Secondary Schools At the end of the spinal cord, a thin filament extends from the inferior end of CNS at the upper lumbar region of the vertebral column to the sacral end of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It had the vertebral column and general bodily form of a fish, but to that were added the head and breast-bone of a lizard, and the paddles of the whale tribes. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation Then came a hand printing-press, on which were spread the remains of some comrade's repast: the vertebral column of a bloater and an empty condensed-milk can, among other relics. A Girl Among the Anarchists The cause of death was found to be the breaking of the vertebral column just at the base of the neck. David Poindexter's Disappearance, and Other Tales B D represents the vertebral column; A C, the sternum; and A B and C D, the ribs. A Practical Physiology They are referred to as prevertebral because they are anterior to the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For further illustration, it is obvious that, various as may be the lengths of the upper part of the vertebral column in the mammalia, it always consists of the same parts. Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation It is the fish's vertebral column, and it will give you an idea of your own, for it is constructed on the same plan. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals The one is enclosed in the bony skull, the other in the bony vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 It goes the whole length through the middle of the body, and forms, as the central skeletal axis, the original structure of the later vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The nerves are numbered from the superior to inferior positions, and each emerges from the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramen at its level. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z B. Rudiment further advanced, showing the foundations of the head, tail, and vertebral column. Lectures and Essays Do you remember of my talking of the vertebral column when I was describing that great artery, the aorta, to which it forms a rampart of defence? The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals In order to understand the embryology of the human vertebral column we must first carefully consider the shape and connection of the vertebrae. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 In man and all the higher vertebrates it is found only in the earlier embryonic period, and is afterwards replaced by the articulated vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 The ligaments in the vocal folds and between the vertebrae in the vertebral column are elastic. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column progressed in the same way, from flat to the double curve and the interlocking process, thus securing greatest strength with greatest mobility. Time and Change As this descends, it slips behind the heart and takes up its place in front of the vertebral column which it follows all the way down the back, just to the top of the loins. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals This axial rod, which is the first foundation of the later vertebral column in all the vertebrates, and is the only representative of it in the Amphioxus, originates from the entoderm. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 For instance, the skull and vertebral column and the extremities are non-essential in this sense. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Scoliosis is an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z So the ossification of the vertebral column takes place progressively, from the Silurian to the middle Jurassic. Time and Change Now the vertebral column, or backbone, is one of those dominant characters which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals The oesophagus descends into the pectoral cavity along the vertebral column, behind the lungs and the heart, pierces the diaphragm, and enters the visceral cavity. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The skull develops in the same way as the membranous vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 1 Compensatory curves may also develop in other areas of the vertebral column to help maintain the head positioned over the feet. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z To cause the necessity of it to be perceived, we must remember that the vertebral column, forming one of the walls in the cavity containing the intestines, is firm and inflexible. The Physiology of Taste It goes on to the frog and the fish, and includes the monkey, the ox, the fowl and the lizard; for all these creatures possess the vertebral column. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals As appendages of the vertebral column we have the ribs, and of the skull we have the hyoid bone, the lower jaw, and the other products of the gill-arches. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 At a depth of eighteen feet below the surface the miners uncovered a human skull, with portions of the ribs, vertebral column, and collar-bone. Ragnarok : the Age of Fire and Gravel Although the total amount of movement available between any two adjacent vertebrae is small, when these movements are summed together along the entire length of the vertebral column, large body movements can be produced. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Since that date, by a succession of odd chances, seven new genera have come into my hands, and of these six certainly have well-ossified and developed vertebral columns. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 On each side of the vertebral column, from the neck to the loins, spring twelve long bones, one below the other, bent in the form of bows; these are called the ribs. The History of a Mouthful of Bread And its effect on the organization of men and animals The skeleton of the limbs or extremities is composed of two groups of parts—the skeleton of the extremities proper and the zone-skeleton, which connects these with the vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 This one, instead of pursuing its way straight through the body of our poor friend, had turned around the ribs, and gone to its place close by the vertebral column. The Clique of Gold It serves to resist excess backward bending of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column of Archegosaurus was alone known, and it was in a remarkably imperfect state of ossification. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 The paralysis begins at the point in the vertebral column where the injury was received. The Emancipated In the human vertebral column there are usually thirty-three vertebrae. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Note the five digits on the hind feet, the quadrupedal gait, the enormous stretch of neck and tail, the small head aligned with the vertebral column. The Elements of Geology The supraspinous ligament is located on the posterior side of the vertebral column, where it interconnects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Will you be so kind as to thank Professor Gegenbaur for a paper on the development of the vertebral column of Lepidosteum I have just received from him? Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley — Volume 1 They are often divided transversely, at nearly equal distances, like the joints in a vertebral column, as in the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland. The Student's Elements of Geology Its head part, the brain, is enclosed by the skull, and the skull itself is merely the uppermost part of the vertebral column, distinctively modified. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 This Broadway franchise formed the vertebral column of the New York transit system; with it as a basis, the operators formed the Metropolitan Street Railway Company in 1893, commonly known as the "Metropolitan." The Age of Big Business; a chronicle of the captains of industry Additional ligaments are located inside the vertebral canal, next to the spinal cord, along the length of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z So that this part of the vertebral column differs considerably in appearance from the same part in the wild rabbit, and closely resembles in an interesting manner these same vertebrae in some species of hares. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication — Volume 1 "What a vertebral column you must have!" said Christopher. A Simpleton This admirable locomotorium, especially its solid central axis, the vertebral column, is a special feature of the Vertebrates, and has given the name to the group. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 This fish is remarkable for its negative characters; it can hardly be said to possess a brain, vertebral column, or heart, etc.; so that it was classed by the older naturalists amongst the worms. The Descent of Man It has 80 bones and consists of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There was the whole bony structure of the head and the eyeless sockets; even the graceful, swan-like neck showed the articulated vertebral column that supported it in all its hideous reality. Condensed Novels: New Burlesques He felt the spinal marrow freezing in the core of his vertebral column, and a sickly cold sweat bedewed his brow. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life This primitive fin, which Gegenbaur first recognised, is attached to the vertebral column by a simple zone in the shape of a cartilaginous arch. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Their brains, hearts, and vertebral columns were the parts most easily seen, and they were filled with an inextinguishable anguish and sorrow that from its very intensity made itself seen as a blue flame. A journey in other worlds A romance of the future The vertebral column forms the neck and back. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z And we shall be able to say just what the form of the thorax and the curve of the vertebral column were. Criminal Psychology; a manual for judges, practitioners, and students Its long tapering frame—sometimes forty feet in length, but generally less than half that length—ends in a dip of the vertebral column and an expansion of the flesh into a strong tail-fin. The Story of Evolution But this unsegmented primary axial skeleton is soon replaced by the segmented secondary axial skeleton, which we know as the vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The multifidus muscle of the lumbar region helps extend and laterally flex the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column originally develops as 33 vertebrae, but is eventually reduced to 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The muscles of the back and neck that move the vertebral column are complex, overlapping, and can be divided into five groups. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Made of skin, fascia, and four pairs of muscle, the anterior abdominal wall protects the organs located in the abdomen and moves the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z For the greater part of its length the alimentary canal is attached to the inner dorsal surface of the abdominal cavity, or to the lower surface of the vertebral column. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 The length of the spinal cord is divided into regions that correspond to the regions of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column has four curvatures, the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal curves. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The spinal nerves extend from their various levels to the proper level of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The axial skeleton of the adult consists of 80 bones, including the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It lies near the middle line, directly under the primitive vertebral column, and reaches from the cardiac region to the cloaca. The Evolution of Man — Volume 2 Together, the vertebrae and intervertebral discs form the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the full length of the anterior vertebral column, uniting the vertebral bodies. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Figure 7.20 Vertebral Column The adult vertebral column consists of 24 vertebrae, plus the sacrum and coccyx. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The vertebral column is subdivided into five regions, with the vertebrae in each area named for that region and numbered in descending order. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These curves increase the vertebral column’s strength, flexibility, and ability to absorb shock. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When this occurs in thoracic vertebrae, the bodies may collapse producing kyphosis, an enhanced anterior curvature of the thoracic vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The thickest portions of the anterior longitudinal ligament and the supraspinous ligament are found in which regions of the vertebral column? Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z It consists of 80 bones that include the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Each intercostal artery provides blood to the muscles of the thoracic cavity and vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z This vessel remains to the left of the vertebral column and is embedded in adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The right renal artery is longer than the left since the aorta lies to the left of the vertebral column and the vessel must travel a greater distance to reach its target. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Describe the vertebral column and define each region. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z A central neuron in the lateral horn of any of these spinal regions projects to ganglia adjacent to the vertebral column through the ventral spinal roots. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The majority of ganglia of the sympathetic system belong to a network of sympathetic chain ganglia that runs alongside the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Collateral ganglia, also called prevertebral ganglia, are situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Because the sympathetic ganglia are adjacent to the vertebral column, preganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively short, and they are myelinated. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Similarly, plane joints allow for flexion, extension, and lateral flexion movements of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These tissues serve to hold the alimentary canal in place near the ventral surface of the vertebral column. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Since the inferior vena cava lies primarily to the right of the vertebral column and aorta, the left renal vein is longer, as are the left phrenic, adrenal, and gonadal veins. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The azygos vein passes through the diaphragm from the thoracic cavity on the right side of the vertebral column and begins in the lumbar region of the thoracic cavity. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z |
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