| 单词 | Varuna |
| 例句 | One, dubbed Varuna, is nearly as big as Pluto’s moon. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z Gods such as Varuna ruled the sky, while Indra was the god of war. World History: to 1500 2023-04-19T00:00:00Z In April, Varuna Sridhar, an artist from the southern Indian city of Chennai, shared her painting of a cup of coffee on social media. The paintings good enough to eat 2022-09-03T04:00:00Z “That was the most terrifying night of my life,” Varuna Kaul said. Decades after fleeing, Kashmiri Hindus still fear going back 2019-09-03T04:00:00Z These heavens and this earth which reach so far, flowing with milk, so beautiful in form, it is by the law of Varuna that they remain fixed, facing each other, immortal beings with fertile seed. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z One day his father told him of his promise to Varuna to offer him in sacrifice. The Eliminator; or, Skeleton Keys to Sacerdotal Secrets 2012-03-27T02:00:23.077Z Varuna, var′ōō-na, n. an ancient Indian Vedic god of heaven and day—latterly, rather the deity that rules over the waters. Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 4 of 4: S-Z and supplements) 2012-01-30T03:00:19.113Z In the first he is represented as so desirous of a son that he vows to Varuna that if his prayer is granted the boy shall be eventually sacrificed to the latter. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 12, Slice 8 "Haller, Albrecht" to "Harmonium" 2012-01-02T03:00:22.443Z In the Veda the gods of the light and the highest heaven, Mithra and Varuna, are the guardians of truth and purity, the avengers and punishers of evil deeds. The History of Antiquity Vol. V. 2011-12-06T03:00:24.110Z Infallible are the laws of Varuna: the moon kindles itself and walks through the night. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z “The witness who speaks falsely shall be fast bound under water in the snaky cords of Varuna, and be wholly deprived of power to escape torment during a hundred transmigrations.” The Eliminator; or, Skeleton Keys to Sacerdotal Secrets 2012-03-27T02:00:23.077Z Let the king emulate the energetic action of Indra, of the sun, of the wind, of Yama, of Varuna, of the moon, of the fire, and of the earth. Fishes, Flowers, and Fire as Elements and Deities in the Phallic Faiths and Worship of the Ancient Religions of Greece, Babylon, 2011-10-13T02:00:41.150Z A short walk from Devi’s home, the Ganga and Varuna rivers meet in quiet confluence. India Ink: The Other India: The Weavers of Varanasi 2011-09-21T11:46:15Z He is servant of Agni the god of light and of Varuna the divine judge. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 4 "G" to "Gaskell, Elizabeth" 2011-08-24T02:00:20.690Z The wind is thy breath, O Varuna! which roars in the atmosphere, like the ox in the meadow. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Harischandra is childless, and is instructed to pray to Varuna, promising to offer the babe as a human sacrifice. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z The Varuna came to her relief, but was rammed by two Southern boats, and sunk in fifteen minutes. Lives of Poor Boys Who Became Famous 2011-04-26T02:00:23.677Z We spent about two hundred rupees in performing Varuna japam on a grand scale in a strictly orthodox fashion. Omens and Superstitions of Southern India 2011-03-28T02:00:25.937Z An Aryan military aristocracy had formed a powerful State in north-western Mesopotamia, where they worshipped Indra, Varuna, and Mitra, gods which figure in the mythology of the Aryan invaders of India. The New Gresham Encyclopedia. Vol. 1 Part 3 Atrebates to Bedlis Between this earth and the sublime heaven above, all things, O Varuna, are of thy creation.” The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Thus even in Vedic, still more in Brahmanic myth, the vague and spiritual form of Varuna is brought to shame, or confused with some demon of lower earlier legends. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z One of the Varuna's shots exploded her boiler and she drifted ashore. Elsie at Viamede He called on Varuna, the god of water, to give him some land. Omens and Superstitions of Southern India 2011-03-28T02:00:25.937Z The supreme god of antiquity was Indra ... next to and above whom was the mysterious god Varuna, the creator, who gave eternal laws which god and men were obliged to follow. The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations “Let thy sevenfold bands, O Varuna, let thy bands of wrath which are thrice linked together, let them enfold the man with a lying tongue, let them leave free the man with a truthful tongue!” The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z The hymn, as M. Bergaigne holds, proves that Indra was victorious over Varuna, and thereby obtained possession of fire and of the soma juice. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z His vessel raked along the Varuna's port, killing four men and wounding nine. Elsie at Viamede When Rohita was grown up his father one day told him of the vow he had made to Varuna, and bade him prepare to be sacrificed. Bible Myths and their Parallels in other Religions Being a Comparison of the Old and New Testament Myths and Miracles with those of the Heathen Nations of Antiquity Considering also their Origin and Meaning It was he who was also known as Varuna, the Greek Ourauos, who ... became the god of the dark night.... The Fundamental Principles of Old and New World Civilizations Varuna, like his European brethren, has been, and is yet, a material god, and a material god of the same kind, a god of heaven. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z As an example of this high ethical view, we may quote Mr. Max Muller's translation of part of a hymn addressed to Varuna.* Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z In the meantime, another ram struck the Varuna under water with its iron prow, giving her a heavy blow in the port gangway. Elsie at Viamede There was Agni, fire; Varuna, the sky; Maruts, the tempest. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal The heaven-god known in India as Varuna grew into the principal deity of Persia. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems He is enthroned above all the worlds, universal king; all the laws of the world are the laws of Varuna. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Take from me my sin like a fetter, and we shall increase, O Varuna, the spring of thy law. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z It was upon the Varuna that the enemy next poured out the vials of his wrath. Elsie at Viamede It was identical with that of Agni, of Indra and of Varuna. The Lords of the Ghostland A History of the Ideal As in the Vedic period we saw that Brahmanaspati, lord of prayer, had a place beside Indra and Varuna, so now we see that the supreme deity is named Brahma. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems Let us then listen to Zeus, to Jupiter, to Varuna, and to Ahura Mazda each in his turn. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Supposing Varuna to mean the heaven, we are not much advanced, for dyu also lias the same meaning; yet Dyaus and Varuna have little in common. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z Captain Bailey moved on up the river with his crippled vessel, the Cayuga, leaving the Varuna to continue the fight at the forts. Elsie at Viamede The Bat, the Greyhound, the Deer, the Flora, the J. C. Cobb, the Varuna, and the Fore-and-Aft all took in cargoes of them for us in England. If, Yes and Perhaps Four Possibilities and Six Exaggerations with Some Bits of Fact Wherever two together plot, and deem they are alone King Varuna is there, a third, and all their schemes are known. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems The God of stable laws, Varuna, has taken his place in his palace to be the universal king, the god with the wondrous intellect. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z What follows is not on the same level of thought, and the next verse contains an appeal to Varuna to save his worshipper from the effect of magic spells. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z But the ram had become entangled, and was drawn around to the side of the Varuna, and Captain Boggs gave her five eighteen shells abaft her armor from his port guns. Elsie at Viamede The most universally recognized of their divinities in primitive times, Varuna, is free from the vain passions and moral obliquities of more recent gods. India, Its Life and Thought Varuna, the all-embracing sky, is also in many hymns a solar deity. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems All the sages, with one voice, said to me, Varuna is angry with thee. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z "He who should flee far beyond the sky would not escape Varuna the king." Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z Founder of the Irano-Persian religion, the chief god of which, Varuna, was the god of light and of the illuminated night-heaven. Selections from the Poems and Plays of Robert Browning Varuna, Agni, and Indra appear in the hymns, each in his turn, as supreme. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Surya keeps his eye on men and reports their failings to Varuna and Mitra. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems Finally, like Zeus, like Jupiter, he bears in his very name the expression of what he is; and the Sanscrit Varuna is the exact phonetic representative of Οὐρανός, sky. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z But even Varuna has not shaken off all remains of the ruder mythopoeic fancy. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z The Varuna fired a broadside into us instead of into the enemy. Admiral Farragut The rôle of Varuna seems to be practically identical with that of the Iranian Ahura, but unlike the latter he does not succeed in expelling his brother divinities. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV But the loftiest of all the Vedic gods is Varuna, the great serene luminous heaven. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems Like Varuna, like Zeus, the lightning is in his hands, “the molten brass which he causes to flow down on the two worlds;” like them he is the father of the god of lightning, Atar. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z A tale of the grossest and most material obscenity is told of Mitra and Varuna in the Rig- Veda itself—the tale of the birth of Vasistha.** Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z Varuna, U. S. steamer, sunk at passage of Mississippi forts, 163. Admiral Farragut Varuna, once supreme, sank after a while to the position of a god of rain, and Indra, Agni, and Soma were frankly naturalistic, while the impersonal Brahma was too vague to meet popular demands. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Whoever far beyond the sky should think his way to wing, He could not there elude the grasp of Varuna the king. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems He is the sage who has supreme wisdom, in whom all sciences have their centre; when the poet wishes to praise the learning of a god, he compares it to that of Varuna. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Finally a young Brahman is purchased, and is to be sacrificed to Varuna as a substitute for the king's son. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z The Varuna, the fifth in the order, and the only merchant-built vessel in the fleet, after clearing the forts had steamed rapidly through the Confederate flotilla, firing right and left, but not stopping. Admiral Farragut As to the provenance of the Mazdean supreme lord, not a few scholars of the present day hold that he was identical with the Indian Varuna. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV There are also other solar deities; Mitra who is frequently invoked along with Varuna; Surya, Savitri, Vishnu, and Pushan, are all gods of this class. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems Let them dawn for us also, O Varuna!” The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z As god of the midnight sky, Varuna is also "the covering" deity, with his universal pall of darkness. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z Deceived by this ruse, the Varuna at the first paid no attention to her pursuer, some distance behind whom followed one of the River-Defense boats, the Stonewall Jackson. Admiral Farragut The etymology of the name Varuna is doubtful, but the representation of him in the Rig-Veda points to the sky as his original form—he is a clear example of a sky-god who becomes universal. Introduction to the History of Religions Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume IV Indra and Agni are frequently so treated; so are Varuna and Mitra. History of Religion A Sketch of Primitive Religious Beliefs and Practices, and of the Origin and Character of the Great Systems That which two men, seated side by side are plotting, is heard by king Varuna, himself the third. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z The interpreters of the Vedas attempted to distinguish Mitra from Varuna by making the former the god of the daylight, the latter the god of the midnight vault of heaven. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z When Kennon at last opened fire, the Varuna, having by then run down her steam in her headlong speed, was being rapidly overtaken. Admiral Farragut Several of the gunboats were considerably injured, but none of them lost except the Varuna. Great Men and Famous Women. Vol. 2 A series of pen and pencil sketches of the lives of more than 200 of the most prominent personages in History The Union vessel "Varuna" also did daring work, and naturally these two ships met in desperate conflict. The Naval History of the United States Volume 2 “The three heavens and the three earths rest in Varuna,” says a poet, and immediately afterwards, giving personality to his God: “It is the skilful king Varuna who makes this golden disc shine in heaven.” The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Of all Vedic deities, Varuna has the most spiritual and ethical character. Myth, Ritual And Religion, Vol. 2 (of 2) 2011-07-22T02:00:19.110Z The second shot from the Moore raked the Varuna's deck, killing and wounding twelve men. Admiral Farragut Let me not yet, O Varuna, enter into the house of clay; have mercy, almighty, have mercy! Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion After exchanging broadsides, the "Governor Moore" rammed her adversary, and, while bearing down on her, received a severe raking fire from the "Varuna." The Naval History of the United States Volume 2 It is the king Varuna who has traced out to the sun the broad path he is to follow: to footless creatures he has given feet so that they may run. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z Kennon now opened fire, hoping that the Jackson, undeceived, would turn back to help him, but she kept on her upward course; the Varuna, however, was no longer in ignorance. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. In accordance with this plan he at once sent Captain Boggs, of the Varuna, through the Quarantine Bayou with messages to Commander Porter and General Butler. Admiral Farragut To propitiate thee, O Varuna, we unbend thy mind with songs, as the charioteer a weary steed. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The vessels soon parted, but the "Varuna" had received her death-wound, and sank in shallow water. The Naval History of the United States Volume 2 Varuna has traced out paths for the sun: he has thrown forwards the fluctuating torrent of rivers. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z The Moore having rammed again then hauled off, believing the Varuna to be in a sinking condition, and tried to continue up stream, but with difficulty, having lost her wheel-ropes. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. Another representative of the highest heaven, as covering, embracing, and shielding all things, is Varuna, a name derived from the root var, to cover, and identical with the Greek Ouranos. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge Whenever we men, O Varuna, commit an offence before the heavenly host, whenever we break the law through thoughtlessness; have mercy, almighty, have mercy! Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion At present four only of these gods are introduced; Indra, Yama, Agni, and Varuna. Nala and Damayanti and Other Poems What great crime have I committed, O Varuna, that thou shouldst want to kill thy friend, thy bard. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z In a few moments, however, the Oneida moved slowly ahead as far as quarantine, whence the Varuna and her enemies were made out. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. O Varuna, our guide, let us stand in thy keeping, thou who art rich in heroes and praised far and wide! India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge I ask, O Varuna, wishing to know this my sin. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion He himself is addressed thus: "Go forth, go forth on the ancient paths which our fathers in old times have trodden: the two rulers in bliss, Yama and Varuna, shalt thou behold." The Destiny of the Soul A Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life This pantheistic theism, which makes no clear distinction between the God of heaven and the universe over which he rules, or which is comprised in him, penetrates Jupiter as well as Varuna. The Contemporary Review, Volume 36, October 1879 2012-04-18T02:00:17.060Z When she came up the Varuna was already ashore, her two opponents trying to escape, but in vain. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. Take from me my sin, like a fetter, and we shall increase, O Varuna, the spring of thy law. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge Was it an old sin, O Varuna, that thou wishest to destroy thy friend, who always praises thee? Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion He extinguishes the flame with his weapon dedicated to Varuna, the god of the waters. Tales from the Hindu Dramatists His wish was granted and he was placed in command of the Varuna, a passenger steamer, purchased by the Government and changed into a gunboat. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders After the Varuna came the Governor Moore, which had been down among the Union fleet, receiving there the fire of the Oneida and Pinola. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. Take far away from me this terror, O Varuna; Thou, O righteous king, have mercy on me! India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge The sages all tell me the same: Varuna it is who is angry with thee. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Indra supersedes Varuna.He is "voracious;" his "inebriety is most intense;" he "dances with delight in battle." Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans Admiral Farragut was making his preparations to attack New Orleans, and the Varuna was added to his fleet. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders Finding the berth too hot for him, and catching sight of the Varuna thus separated from her fleet, Kennon hoisted the same lights as the latter vessel and followed on up. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. Do not strike us, Varuna, with weapons which at thy will hurt the evil-doer. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge If a man stands or walks or hides, if he goes to lie down or to get up, what two people sitting together whisper, king Varuna knows it, he is there as the third. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion It is in describing The sublimity of the Vedic description of him.Varuna that the Veda rises to the greatest sublimity which it ever reaches. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans The Varuna replied, killing and wounding men on the Governor Moore at every shot. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders The lights deceived the Varuna and also the Confederate steamer Jackson, which had been up the river on duty and was at quarantine as the two others drew near. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. You may have observed that in several verses of this hymn Varuna was called Âditya, or son of Aditi. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge This earth, too, belongs to Varuna, the king, and this wide sky with its ends far apart. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Siva, Durga, Rama, Krishna, Kali—unknown in ancient days—are now mighty divinities; Indra is almost entirely overlooked, and Varuna has been degraded from his lofty throne and turned into a regent of the waters. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans Another struck the Varuna's pivot gun and killed and wounded a number more. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders The Varuna, passing with yet greater rapidity, steamed through with her guns trained as far ahead as they could be, and delivered her fire as opportunity offered. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. When Mitra and Varuna are invoked together, we can still perceive dimly that they were meant originally for day and night, light and darkness. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge O lord Varuna, may this song go well to thy heart! Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion This deity is Varuna, the most remarkable personality in the Veda. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans Then the Governor Moore rammed the Varuna twice in quick succession. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders The Stonewall Jackson, now coming up, turned also upon the Varuna and rammed her on the port side, receiving a broadside in return. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. Varuna, the great lord of these worlds, sees as if he were near. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge He who should flee far beyond the sky, even he would not be rid of Varuna, the king. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion A mysterious presence, a mysterious power, a mysterious knowledge amounting almost to omniscience, are ascribed to Varuna. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans But those were exceedingly lively minutes for the Varuna and the other craft in her neighborhood. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders The Varuna's advance had been so rapid that there seems to have been some uncertainty in the minds of Captains Bailey and Lee of the Cayuga and Oneida as to where she was. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. This earth too belongs to Varuna, the King, and this wide sky with its ends far apart. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge When shall we bring hither the man, who is victory to the warriors; when shall we bring Varuna, the wide-seeing, to be propitiated? Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion We have already spoken of Agni, Varuna, and Indra, as well as Soma. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans Who has not heard of the dauntless Varuna? Dewey and Other Naval Commanders The next shot raked the Varuna's deck, killing three and wounding nine of the crew. The Gulf and Inland Waters The Navy in the Civil War. Volume 3. And yet we know that there never was such a Deva, or god, or such a thing as Varuna. India: What can it teach us? A Course of Lectures Delivered before the University Of Cambridge However we break thy laws from day to day, men as we are, O god, Varuna, 2. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion The supersession of Varuna by Indra, then, is easily understood. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans One of the enemy's shot, however, raked the Varuna, killing four men and wounding nine. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders He is followed by Indra riding on an elephant, Agni on a ram, Yama on a buffalo, a giant on a ghost, Varuna on a dolphin, and many other lesser gods. Translations of Shakuntala and Other Works The worshippers of Varuna and Mitra in the Punjab did not cremate their dead like those who exalted the rival fire god Agni. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Varuna, wearing golden mail, has put on his shining cloak; the spies sat down around him. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion In truth, except in the case of Varuna, there is not one divinity that is possessed of pure and elevated attributes. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans But the Varuna had been mortally hurt and was sinking fast. Dewey and Other Naval Commanders It was this unity of religion amid many religions that the Vedic seers were striving to express when they wrote, "Men call Him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni; sages name variously Him who is but One." Some Christian Convictions A Practical Restatement in Terms of Present-Day Thinking Like the Indian Varuna, the sea god, Ea-Oannes had control over the spirits and demons of the deep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria O hear this my calling, Varuna, be gracious now; longing for help, I have called upon thee. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion But we can inferentially go still further back and speak of a deity common to the Greeks, Romans, Varuna, the god of heaven. Two Old Faiths Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans To Varuna also it is said, "Thou art lord of all, of heaven and earth; thou art king of all those who are gods, and of all those who are men." The Great Events by Famous Historians, Volume 01 But the stronger and better-armed Union ships quickly destroyed the Confederate flotilla, with the single exception that two of the enemy's gunboats rammed the Varuna from opposite sides and sank her. A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln Condensed from Nicolay & Hay's Abraham Lincoln: A History One of his names was Mitra, like the god who was linked with Varuna in the Indian Rigveda. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He, the upholder of order, Varuna, sits down among his people; he, the wise, sits there to govern. Chips From A German Workshop - Volume I Essays on the Science of Religion Indra, Vivaswat, Soma, Vishnu, Varuna, and Agni, having obtained me, are sporting in joy and will do so for ever. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 This is the way in which Vasava, and Yama, and Varuna, and all the great royal sages have acted. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 And Varuna then said, 'O son of Raghu, the humours in every creature's body derive their existence from me! The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 These twin deities, Mitra and Varuna, measured out the span of human life. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Even so sturdy a personality as Indra is declared to be the same as Agni and as Varuna, and probably every deity in the Vedic pantheon is at some time identified with another deity. Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch, Vol. 1 Thou mayst say to him further, 'Thou are a protector of the worlds, O Varuna, and not a destroyer! The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 If Yama, Varuna, Kuvera, and Vasava, with all their followers coming hither, unitedly protect the son of Pandu in this great battle, what need of many words, I will still vanquish him with them."'" The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Having heard the words of the gods, Agastya, the son of Mitra, and Varuna, said, 'Wherefore are ye come? The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 Mitra and Varuna were protectors of hearth and home, and they chastised sinners. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria In one of the Vedic hymns to Varuna there is something which looks like confession of sin, but it really ends in palliation. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 Some went to the regions of the gods, some to the region of Brahman, some to the region of Varuna, and some to the region of Kuvera. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 All the celestials then, assembling together, made Varuna having his abode in the ocean the Lord of all the waters, according to the rites laid down in the scriptures. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Thus having given his word, O king, he went and said to Varuna, 'Give me a thousand fleet steeds brown in colour, and each with one black ear. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 As a sky god Mitra may have been associated, like Varuna, with the waters above the firmament. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria It was not our doing, O Varuna, it was necessity; an intoxicating draught, passion, dice, thoughtlessness. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 Engaged in procreating creatures for peopling the earth, Bhrigu who is regarded as a Prajapati thence came to be called as Varuna's offspring. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Installed by the celestials, the illustrious Varuna began to duly protect seas and lakes and rivers and other reservoirs of water as Shakra protects the gods. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 If his father be really Varuna, let him be drowned in the sea.' The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 Certain of the Aryan tribes, for instance, buried their dead in Varuna's "house of clay", while a growing proportion cremated their dead and worshipped Agni, the fire god. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria He had no recourse to Indra or Varuna, he sought no help from devas or departed spirits. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 They are also called Varunas in consequence of their ancestor Bhrigu having been adopted by Mahadeva in the form of Varuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 He then created Varuna the lord of waters and governor of all aquatic animals. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Indeed, this practice that is conformable to the true and eternal religion is known to me, I shall give unto my brother children that shall be like unto Mitra and Varuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 The Indian Yama, who was also called Pitripati, "lord of the fathers", takes Mitra's place in the Paradise of Ancestors beside Varuna, god of the sky and the deep. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria One of the earliest deifications that we can trace was that of Varuna, who represented the overhanging sky. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 Hence, these two are regarded as of Varuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 These nooses of Varuna, with which thou hast been bound, will loosen Time's course in consequence of the misconduct of men. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 O Yudhishthira, without anxiety of any kind, wait upon and worship the illustrious Varuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 The Babylonian Ea cult and the Indian Varuna cult had apparently much in common, as is shown. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The hymns addressed to Varuna are not only the earliest, but they are the loftiest and most spiritual in their aspirations. Oriental Religions and Christianity A Course of Lectures Delivered on the Ely Foundation Before the Students of Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1891 He it is who has caused the vital seed of the gods Mitra and Varuna to fall within a jar, whence sprang the Rishi known by the name of Vasishtha. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Varuna, firmly adhering to truth, gave him Ghasa and Atighasa of great might and possessed of mouths like those of whales. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 "Thus, O king, did Nakula subjugate the countries that lay to the west—the direction that is presided over by the god Varuna, and that had once before been subjugated by Vasudeva himself!" The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 No human beings, however, entered the Paradise of Varuna, who resembles the Sumerian Ea-Oannes. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The chief gods of this period are Indra, Varuna, Agni, Savitri, Soma. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Lord Rudra, O thou of great might, who on that occasion had assumed the form of Varuna, there came the Munis and all the deities with Agni at their head. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 The royal Varuna gave him a snake of great energy and might. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 There also is Visakhayupa to which, in days of yore, came the gods with Varuna and Indra, and practised ascetic austerities. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 In India, the goat was connected with Agni and Varuna; it was slain at funeral ceremonies to inform the gods that a soul was about to enter heaven. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria But while in India, Varuna, the Heavens, continued to be an object of adoration in the Vedic or second period, in Greece it faded early from the popular thought. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Verily, beholding that sacrifice of the high-souled Mahadeva who had assumed the form of Varuna, all of them became highly pleased. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Though enmeshed in the noose of Varuna, he still regards himself immortal. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Lomasa said, 'The Kalakeyas then having recourse to that receptacle of waters, which is the abode of Varuna, began their operations for the destruction of the universe. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 In the word-picture of the Aryo-Indian Varuna's heaven in the Mahabharata the deity is depicted "attired in celestial robes and decked with celestial ornaments and jewels". Myths of Babylonia and Assyria If the following hymn, says Müller, were addressed only to the Almighty, omitting the word "Varuna," it would not disturb us in a Christian Liturgy:— 1. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology At these words, although born of Brahman, the puissant Mahadeva in the form of Varuna, the ruler of all aquatic creatures received the firstborn one, viz., The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 The puissant Varuna was installed into the sovereignty of the waters and the Asuras. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 By transgressing the practices of Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, subject not thyself, O king, to death by means of the terrible noose of Varuna.' The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 The Indian Varuna was similarly a sky as well as an ocean god before the theorizing and systematizing Brahmanic teachers relegated him to a permanent abode at the bottom of the sea. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria The hymns celebrate Varuna, Indra, Agni, &c., and each in turn is called supreme. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The sons of Kavi who was appropriated by Brahman himself are also known as Varunas. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Thou art bound in Varuna's noose and hast been struck with my thunderbolt. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 And hearing these words of Rama, the genius of Varuna's abode, joining his hands, answered in great affliction, 'I do not desire to put any obstacle in thy way. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 It may be that Ea-Oannes and Varuna were of common origin. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Mitra is often associated with Varuna in the Vedic hymns. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The giver of kine attains to affluence like that of Varuna himself. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 The West is protected by the mighty Varuna who overlooks the other gods there. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 And, O son, may all that come across thee have their hearts divested of hostility towards thee: And may that lord of waters, Varuna. protect thee in water! The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 1 Books 1, 2 and 3 When the "new songs" of the Aryan invaders of India were being composed, the sky and ocean god, Varuna, who resembles Ea-Oannes, and Mitra, who links with Shamash, were already declining in splendour. Myths of Babylonia and Assyria Mitra is the sun, illuminating the day, while Varuna was the sun with an obscure face going back in the darkness from west to east to take his luminous disk again. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Varuna gave him many auspicious and excellent, products of the Ocean, with some elephants. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 The celestials, however, with the pitris, and with all that were numbered with them as also with their followers, and Yama and Vaishravana and Varuna were on the side of Arjuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 ‘The assured gains shrink into very few divine names, such as Dyaus—Zeus—Tius, Parjany—Perkunas, Bhaga—Bug, Varuna—Uranus, &c.’ Modern Mythology The fourth and sixth books have no separate hymns to Varuna. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow "Whenever we men, O Varuna, commit an offence before the heavenly host; whenever we break thy law through thoughtlessness; have mercy, almighty, have mercy!" Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology The god Varuna, the son of Aditi, said to that excellent scion of Bhrigu's race,—'Be it so. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Having installed Varuna as the Lord of all aquatic creatures and worshipping him duly, the celestials returned to their respective abodes. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 The Varuna fired a broadside into us instead of the enemy. The Bay State Monthly — Volume 1, No. 4, April, 1884 In the fifth book the position of the one hymn to Varuna is one favorable to spurious additions, but the hymn is not otherwise obnoxious to the criticism of lateness. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Let me not yet, O Varuna, enter into the house of clay; have mercy, almighty, have mercy. Ten Great Religions An Essay in Comparative Theology Those foremost of men have proceeded, some to the abode of Indra, some to that of Kuvera of great intelligence, and some to that of Varuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Endued with great effulgence, Varuna, the highly blessed son of Aditi, had in days of yore performed in that tirtha the Rajasuya sacrifice, O lord of Earth! The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Indra am I, And this is Agni, and the other here, Varuna, Lord of Waters; and beyond, Yama, the King of Death, who parteth souls From mortal frames. Hindu literature : Comprising The Book of good counsels, Nala and Damayanti, The Ramayana, and Sakoontala Its elevated language is in sharp contrast to that of almost all the other Varuna hymns. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow May Indra then, Varuna, Mitra, Agni, the waters, the plants, the trees of the forest be pleased with us. Sacred Books of the East Verily he is Vishnu, and Mitra, and Varuna, and Agni, and Prajapati. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Both were endued with great strength, both resembled Varuna in achievements. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 3 Books 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 Or, if thy mind Incline, doubt not to choose Varuna; he Is of these world-protectors. Hindu literature : Comprising The Book of good counsels, Nala and Damayanti, The Ramayana, and Sakoontala Varuna has extended air in trees, strength in horses, milk in cows, and has laid wisdom in hearts; fire in water; the sun in the sky; soma in the stone. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow "Deliver us," says the poet, "from the snare of Varuna, and guard us, as kind-hearted gods." Sacred Books of the East It so happened, however, that the handsome Varuna had, from a long time before, coveted the girl. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 The manned Varuna stemmed and quelled The odds which hard beset; The oaken flag-ship, half ablaze, Passed on and thundered yet; While foundering, gloomed in grimy flame, The Ram Manassas—hark the yell!— Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War Say this: 'The world's dread lords, Wishful to see thee, come; desiring thee— Indra, Varuna, Agni, Yama, all. Hindu literature : Comprising The Book of good counsels, Nala and Damayanti, The Ramayana, and Sakoontala But there is no Varuna in Iranian worship and Ahura is a sectarian specialization. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow They protect Mitra and Varuna from the unspeakable, and Aryaman also finds out the infamous. Sacred Books of the East Coming to the woods where Utathya dwelt, Varuna stole away the girl when she had plunged into the Yamuna for a bath. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 Varuna, in the Hindu mythology the god of the luminous heavens, viewed as embracing all things and as the primary source of all life and every blessing. The Nuttall Encyclopædia Being a Concise and Comprehensive Dictionary of General Knowledge And Varuna, the adorable lord of waters with his terrible Pasa,40 and surrounded by numerous aquatic animals, marched slowly with the trident. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose Vana Parva, Part 2 It has sometimes been maintained that the Varuna of the hymns is a god in a state of decadence. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow I call Mitra, endowed with holy strength, and Varuna, who destroys all enemies; who both fulfil a prayer accompanied by fat offerings. Sacred Books of the East There is no mansion that can be regarded more beautiful than that palace of Varuna. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 And after that Varuna held it for a hundred years. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose Virata Parva And, O son, may all that come across thee have their hearts divested of hostility towards thee: And may that lord of waters, Varuna, protect thee in water! The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose Vana Parva, Part 2 In stating that the great hymn to Varuna is not typical of the earliest stage of religious belief among the Vedic Aryans, we should add one word in explanation. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Deliver us from the snare of Varuna, and guard us, as kind-hearted gods! Sacred Books of the East O great ascetic, Varuna has driven me out from his house, seizing me by the throat. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa, Volume 4 Books 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 And those illustrious warriors ranged on the field of battle, using the celestials weapons obtained from Prajapati and Indra, and Agni and the fierce Rudra, and Kuvera, and Varuna, and Yama, and Vayu. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose Virata Parva Four of them—Indra, Agni, Varuna, Yama—would like you as bride, therefore choose one of them as husband, O beauty! Primitive Love and Love-Stories Varuna's traits, as shown in other parts of the Rig Veda, are so persistent that they must be characteristic of his original function. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Snakes come to greet him while Varuna, the god of water, stands as 'an old man of the sea' ready to escort him to his long home. The Loves of Krishna in Indian Painting and Poetry "Akritavrana said, 'Thus having given his word, O king, he went and said to Varuna, "Give me a thousand fleet steeds brown in colour, and each with one black ear. The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose Vana Parva, Part 1 The various finite gods, such as Vishnu, Indra, Krishna, Marut, or Varuna, were not the subjects of any church creed chanted every day, and carefully stereotyped in the tender minds of children. Pantheism, Its Story and Significance Religions Ancient and Modern As for you, go you and bring Damayanti this message: 'The four gods, Indra, Agni, Yama, Varuna, desire to have you for a wife. Primitive Love and Love-Stories Back of this period lies one in which Varuna was by no means a monotheistic deity, nor even the greatest divinity among the gods. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The chief gods were the Father-heaven; Indra, the god of thunder and of rain, from whom the refreshing showers descended; Varuna, the encompassing sky; and Agni, the god of fire. Outline of Universal History But, besides Dyaus pitar, or Varuna, the Aryans worshipped other gods, whom they made for themselves out of the elements, and the changes of night and day, and the succession of the seasons. Fairy Tales; Their Origin and Meaning With Some Account of Dwellers in Fairyland So that, for instance, Varuna was at one time the god of the ocean, and at another of the sky. Pantheism, Its Story and Significance Religions Ancient and Modern "Thus, O king, did Nakula subjugate the countries that lay to the west— the direction that is presided over by the god Varuna, and that had once before been subjugated by Vasudeva himself!" The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose Sabha Parva Varuna seizes on her paramour, when she confesses. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow All the attributes of sovereign power and majesty were collected in Varuna. Outline of Universal History Let me not, O Varuna, enter into the house of clay. Fairy Tales; Their Origin and Meaning With Some Account of Dwellers in Fairyland Beyond lightning there is Varuna, on account of connexion. The Vedanta-Sutras with the Commentary by Ramanuja — Sacred Books of the East, Volume 48 The chief of these were Varuna, the sky; Mitra, the sun; and Indra, the storm: after these, Agni, fire; and Soma, the moon. Beacon Lights of History, Volume 01 The Old Pagan Civilizations Quite as definitively he proves that Varuna is not exclusively a day-god. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna is the god of the vast luminous heavens, in their serene majesty. Outline of Universal History Then Indra, Yama, Varuna, and Kuvera, the spirits presiding over the four cardinal points, or the four elements, water, fire, earth, and air, pour forth atoms, whence springs the serpent "Ananta." From the Caves and Jungles of Hindostan Varuna, Indra, and Prajâpati take part in the work in so far only as they may assist the person connected with lightning.—Here terminates the adhikarana of 'the conductors.' The Vedanta-Sutras with the Commentary by Ramanuja — Sacred Books of the East, Volume 48 This earth, too, belongs to Varuna, the king, and this wide sky, with its ends far apart. Atlantis : the antediluvian world He did not assume that he offended a god by not following it, except in two special cases, as in sins against Agni and Varuna. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Again, among civilised peoples we read of the pure all-seeing Varuna in the Vedas, to whom sin is an offence. Myth, Ritual and Religion — Volume 1 As Varuna, the regent of water, binds with his pasha or divine noose his enemies, so let a king bind every malefactor safely in prison. Vikram and the Vampire; Classic Hindu Tales of Adventure, Magic, and Romance We have devoted considerable space to Varuna because of the theological importance with which is invested his personality. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Again in the Veda we find another hymn to King Varuna: Atlantis : the antediluvian world Oldenberg, as a ritualist, finds in Varuna, Dawn, and the Burial Service the inevitable stumbling-blocks of such scholars as confuse Brahmanism with early Vedism. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow There are some twelve hymns in the Rig Veda in Varuna's honor. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow But no interpretation of Varuna that ignores his rainy side can be correct. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna is the most exalted of those gods whose origin is physical. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Among the Aditya is Varuna, the equivalent of Uranos, whose identification with Atlantis I have shown. Atlantis : the antediluvian world Even Hillebrandt speaks of "the bright heaven" of day as "opposed to the dark night-heaven in which Varuna also shows himself." The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow In the laudation of Varuna the fancy of the poet exhausts itself in lofty imagery, and reaches the topmost height of Vedic religious lyric. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow As Varuna became gradually greatest, so did Indra in turn. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow But Varuna was a philosopher's god, not a warrior's; and Varuna was not double and mystical. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The Hindoo god Varuna is conceded to be the Greek god Uranos, who was the founder of the royal family of Atlantis. Atlantis : the antediluvian world That it cannot be very early is evident from the mention of the intercalated month, not to speak of the image of Varuna eating the sweet oblation 'like a priest.' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna is passive; Indra is energetic; but Indra does not struggle for his lordship. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna has been referred already in connection with the sun-god and with Heaven and Earth. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow But it is exactly this loftiness of character that should make one shy of interpreting Varuna as being originally the god that is presented here. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow In the Veda we find a hymn to "King Varuna," in which occurs this passage: Atlantis : the antediluvian world As these are all the hymns where Varuna is praised alone by himself, it becomes of chief importance to study him here, and not where, as in iii. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The 'thousand eyes' of Varuna are the result of this view. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow But one must find the background to this earlier period; and in it Varuna is not monotheistic. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Indra treats Varuna as Savitar treats Mitra, supplants him; and for the same reason, because each represents the same priestly philosophy. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow In the vedas Varuna is "the god of the ocean." Atlantis : the antediluvian world In the Rig Veda, as it stands, with all the different views of Varuna side by side, Varuna is a universal encompasser, moral as well as physical. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow But in the unique hymn to the Rivers it is Varuna who, as general god of water, is represented as their patron. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Like Varuna, Parjanya also upsets a water-barrel, and wets the earth. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna is no longer a popular god in the Rig Veda. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow And then, turning to the departed soul: Go forth, go forth on the old paths where are gone our old fathers; thou shalt see both joyous kings, Yama and God Varuna. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna's highest development ushers in the middle period of the Rig Veda; before the rise of the later All-father, and even before the great elevation of Indra. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Thus, quite apart from Varuna in a hymn addressed to the 'Waters,' is found the prayer, "O waters, carry off whatever sin is in me … and untruth," I. 23. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Asura in the Veda is not applied to Varuna alone. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow But in the Avesta, Ahura is the one great spirit, and his six spirits are plainly a protestant copy and modification of Varuna and his six underlings. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Then the king desired a son, and the sage instructed him to pray to Varuna for one, and to offer to sacrifice him to the god. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Nor is there in Varuna any religious grandeur which, so far as it exceeds that of other divinities, is not evolved from his old physical side. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The Persians borrow the idea of Varuna Asura, whose eye is the sun. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow We gladly admit that, even if not a primitive monotheistic deity, Varuna yet is a god that belongs to a very old period of Hindu literature. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Mitra and Varuna met her, and said: 'Who art thou?' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna sends his son Bhrigu to hell to find out what happens after death, and he finds people suffering torture, and, again, avenging themselves on those that have wronged them. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Of these, one in the tenth book celebrates Indra as opposed to Varuna, and generally it is considered late, in virtue of its content. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The high and mighty Varuna of the Rig Veda is no longer great. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow It is by Varuna's power that they stand firm. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow From all this it will be evident that to claim an original monotheism as still surviving in the person of Varuna, is impossible; and this is the one point we would make. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The most valuable contribution to the study of Varuna is Hillebrandt's 'Varuna and Mitra.' The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow One more attribute remains to be noticed, which connects Dyaus morally as well as physically with Savitar and Varuna. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow The gods, with the evil spirits—'both sons of the Father'—attract to themselves the plants; Varuna gets the barley by a pun. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow Varuna is now quite the god of night and god of purification, as a water-god. The Religions of India Handbooks on the History of Religions, Volume 1, Edited by Morris Jastrow |
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