| 单词 | valency |
| 例句 | The theory of valency thus founded has dominated the subsequent development of chemical doctrine, and forms the groundwork upon which the fabric of modern structural chemistry reposes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 1 "Franciscans" to "French Language" 2011-10-22T02:00:29.487Z When multiplied by the valency it gives the atomic weight. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 7 "Equation" to "Ethics" 2011-02-27T03:00:31.973Z Faraday's Law.—Faraday found that the quantity of electricity required to liberate one gramme-molecule of any radical is 96.537 coulombs for each valency of the radical. The Mechanism of Life The effectiveness of the various electrolytes in bringing about this change is proportional to their valency; bivalent ions are from 70 to 80 times, and trivalent ions about 600 times as effective as monovalent ions. The Chemistry of Plant Life While the principle of varying valency laid down by Frankland is still retained, Butlerow’s view that structure had no spatial significance has been modified. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" To steal a phrase from chemistry, their “valency” alters. An Ocean Tramp Hence, generally, the sources or root substances of the best and most efficient mordants are the metals of high specific appetite or valency. The Chemistry of Hat Manufacturing Lectures Delivered Before the Hat Manufacturers' Association It is equal to the molecular weight of the ion, divided by 96.537 times its valency. The Mechanism of Life As hydrogen is generally taken as the standard, in practice the valency of an atom is the number of hydrogen atoms it will combine with or replace. The New Physics and Its Evolution The theory of valency as a means of showing similarity of properties and relative composition became a dominant feature of chemical theory, the older hypotheses of types, radicals, &c. being more or less discarded. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The meaning attached to the word "valency," is simply one of interchangeability, just as we say a penny is worth two halfpennies or four farthings. Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882 The terms "chemical appetite" and "specific chemical appetite" are names I have coined for your present benefit, but for which chemists would use the words "affinity" and "valency" respectively. The Chemistry of Hat Manufacturing Lectures Delivered Before the Hat Manufacturers' Association We may indicate an ion by placing above it the sign of its electrical charge, one sign for each valency. The Mechanism of Life The second law may be stated in these terms: an atom-gramme of metal carries with it into electrolysis a quantity of electricity proportionate to its valency. The New Physics and Its Evolution A general classification of elements, however, was not realized by Frankland, nor even by Odling, who had also investigated the question from the valency standpoint. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The question next arises, is the valency of an element fixed or variable? Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882 And it is equally plain that where the atoms are numerous, the exact plan of grouping may sometimes be susceptible of change without doing violence to the law of valency. A History of Science — Volume 4 Another consequence of the doctrine of valency was that it permitted the graphic representation of the molecule. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" These saturation capacities were assiduously studied by Sir Edward Frankland, who from the investigation, not of simple inorganic compounds, but of the organo-metallic derivatives, determined the kernel of the theory of valency. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The structure of the molecule, which mainly followed investigations in organic compounds, Frankland’s conception of valency, and finally the periodic law, have also been shown in their chronological order. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" If the word be defined as above, it is absolutely certain that the valency varies. Scientific American Supplement, No. 324, March 18, 1882 Just why different elements should differ thus in valency no one as yet knows; it is an empirical fact that they do. A History of Science — Volume 4 It will be seen, however, that the absolute disposition of the fourth valency may be ignored in a great many cases, and consequently the complex may be adequately represented as a hexagon. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" And once the nature of any element has been determined as regards its valency, a most important insight into the possible behavior of that element has been secured. A History of Science — Volume 4 The benzene nucleus presents a remarkable case, which must be considered in the formulation of any complete theory of valency. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" But no inkling of an explanation of these strange variations of molecular structure came until the discovery of the law of valency. A History of Science — Volume 4 |
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