| 单词 | Berzelius |
| 例句 | To indicate the number of atoms in a molecule, Berzelius employed a superscript notation, as in H2O. A Short History of Nearly Everything 2003-05-06T00:00:00Z But frankly, the similarities between Berzelius “Buzz” Windrip, the populist president, and today’s Republican administration are so strong that they’re worth underlining. Analysis | The novel that inspired ‘Blade Runner’ didn’t predict our current reality, but these writers did 2019-12-17T05:00:00Z The book is full of insider Yale jokes, including a running gag that Berzelius, one of the senior societies, has no magical specialty and no famous alumni. A Star of Y.A. Imagines a Supernatural Ivy League in Her Debut for Adults 2019-10-03T04:00:00Z With his careful mix of plainspoken honesty and reactionary delusion, Trump is following an old rhetorical playbook, one defined and employed successfully in the 1936 presidential campaign of Senator Berzelius “Buzz” Windrip. It really can happen here: The novel that foreshadowed Donald Trump’s authoritarian appeal 2015-09-29T04:00:00Z With mounting alarm, Jessup witnesses the rise of Berzelius “Buzz” Windrip, a senator from an unnamed state with a theatrical flair and a platform promising the working class wealth confiscated from the affluent. Column: Sinclair Lewis' fiery 1935 novel about a fascist coup is disturbingly prophetic 2021-12-07T05:00:00Z In 1835, the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius described a phenomenon in which certain substances could galvanize a chemical reaction. Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to Scientists for Tool That Builds Better Catalysts 2021-10-06T04:00:00Z Plot: A charismatic demagogue, Berzelius "Buzz" Windrip, runs for president on a promise to restore American greatness, dragging the country into fascism. The Trump era's top-selling dystopian novels - BBC News 2017-01-29T05:00:00Z Senator, Berzelius “Buzz” Windrip, appealing to nativists in order to successfully secure the party nomination over Franklin Delano Roosevelt. People Are Saying This Book Predicted Donald Trump's Victory 2016-11-16T05:00:00Z Lewis’s antihero is the ignorant demagogue Berzelius “Buzz” Windrip, who wins the 1936 election with the support of millions of impoverished and angry voters. The 1935 novel that predicted the rise of Donald Trump 2016-10-09T04:00:00Z The proportions are wrong — chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius corrected many in the following two decades. In retrospect: A New System of Chemical Philosophy : Nature : Nature Research 2016-08-30T04:00:00Z Trump’s fictional antecedent is Berzelius “Buzz” Windrip, a folksy New Englander who was, in Lewis’s words, “an inspired guesser at what political doctrines the people would like.” Recent editorials from Texas newspapers 2016-05-10T04:00:00Z In the novel, such a man appears on the scene and soon rises toward the top: a U.S. senator named Berzelius Windrip. Our ‘solemn responsibility’ on Thanksgiving 2015-11-25T05:00:00Z More than a century passed between the moment when the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius purified silicon, in 1824, and the birth of the semiconductor industry. Graphene: Fast, Strong, Cheap, and Impossible to Use | The New Yorker 2014-12-15T05:00:00Z I am especially fascinated by the scientists of the 18th and 19th centuries—Berzelius, Pasteur and Wöhler, to mention a few. 30 under 30: Catalyzing Reactions with Renewable Materials 2013-06-18T18:15:02.087Z Himself a pupil of old Berzelius, a contemporary of Liebig, and the loved instructor of many of our best chemists, his name is equally respected on both sides of the Atlantic. Scientific American, Vol. XLIII.?No. 1. [New Series.], July 3, 1880 A Weekly Journal Of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, And Manufactures 2012-01-05T03:00:30.823Z The period during which, chiefly by the labours of Dalton, Berzelius and Davy, the great central propositions of the science were laid down and were developed into a definite theory. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z In real life, of course, a Berzelius Windrip didn’t win in 1936, nor did his like even figure in the presidential election. Our ‘solemn responsibility’ on Thanksgiving 2015-11-25T05:00:00Z The blood of man is the richest of all the mammalia, and it contains, according to Berzelius, three times as many hydrochlorates as the blood of the ox. Martyria or Andersonville Prison 2011-10-22T02:00:28.563Z Also contemporaneous with Dalton was the great German chemist, Berzelius, who confirmed and extended the discoveries of Dalton. Inventions in the Century 2011-07-20T02:00:14.643Z He was the friend of Berzelius, the noted chemist of Sweden, and of the great Liebig of Germany. Famous Men of Science 2011-03-08T03:00:49.717Z Probably no chemist has added to the science so many carefully determined facts as Berzelius; he was always at work in the laboratory, and always worked with the greatest care. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The result was most satisfactory for Berzelius, for no other important error was discovered, and even Dumas remarked that repeating a determination by Berzelius only meant getting the same result, if one worked properly. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Berzelius stated that neutral salt solutions could be decomposed by electricity, the acid appearing at one pole and the metal at the other. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z Berzelius, which at the time his work began were widely accepted as the true theory of the constitution of compound bodies, and opposed a unitary view to the dualistic conception of the Swedish chemist. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z A similar amount is concerned with refuting various proposals, such as those of Berzelius and Erman, about distributions of magnetic polarity in a conducting wire to account for Oersted’s results. The Earliest Electromagnetic Instruments Having written to Berzelius and learned that he was willing to allow him working room in his laboratory, the young student set out for Stockholm. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius found his determinations not at all in accordance with this assumption, and strongly opposed the arbitrary rounding off of the numbers practised by the partisans of Prout’s hypothesis. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Berzelius early in the 19th century had advanced the hypothesis that chemical combination was due to electric attractions between the electric charges carried by chemical atoms. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 2 "Ehud" to "Electroscope" 2011-01-29T03:00:23.777Z He used the proportion of 2 P to 5 O in the oxide which Berzelius had thought justified at least until “an example of the contrary could be sufficiently established.” History of Phosphorus Klaproth in 1803, whilst J. Berzelius at about the same time also examined it and came to the conclusion that it was the oxide of a new metal, which he termed cerium. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 7 "Cerargyrite" to "Charing Cross" Richter's own determinations of the equivalents of acids and bases were not very accurate, but Berzelius was impressed with the importance of this work. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius that the enormous importance of Dalton’s views was brought to light. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The term was introduced by Berzelius, who first studied such reactions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 5 "Cat" to "Celt" Berzelius cited these acids as examples of compounds which are ISOMERIC. History of Phosphorus The following order of observation is essentially that given by Berzelius:— 1. The Elements of Blowpipe Analysis Berzelius thought those rules insufficient and arbitrary; he therefore laid down two general rules, on the lines of which he prosecuted his researches into chemical synthesis. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius was at that time busy in developing a trustworthy system of chemical analysis, and for this purpose he investigated the composition of the most important salts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The radical theory, essentially dualistic in nature in view of its similarity to the electrochemical theory of Berzelius, was destined to succumb to a unitary theory. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Linnæus, Berzelius, and others will materially assist him in grasping at the mysteries of animated creation; and if he be of a poetical turn, he can enjoy Belman in the unadulterated Scandinavian metre. The Land of Thor Berzelius remolded the science of Progress in Sweden chemistry and founded theoretical chemistry. A History of the Nineteenth Century, Year by Year Volume Two (of Three) Berzelius here recognizes the existence of compound atoms of a more complex structure than any of those recognized by Dalton. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Consequently Berzelius regarded Dalton’s atomic hypothesis as proved by experiment, and became a strong believer in it. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Although the system of Berzelius has been modified and extended, its principles survive in the modern notation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" I gazed steadfastly at the statues of Gustavus Vasa, Charles XII., and Berzelius, and tried in vain to remember something of their history. The Land of Thor These acids were discovered by Berzelius, the great Swedish chemist, in the water and sediment of the Porla spring, in Sweden. Peat and its Uses as Fertilizer and Fuel This general conception of affinity was applied by Berzelius to the atoms of elements. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius. law he could check the results of his analyses. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z In the same year Berzelius discovered selenium in a deposit from sulphuric acid chambers, his masterly investigation including a study of the hydride, oxides and other compounds. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Among other things there were to be seen on a wall portraits of Berzelius and Thunberg, surrounded by garlands of greenery. The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II Berzelius held this view, and considered that the value of a soap depended upon the ease with which it yielded free alkali on solution in water. The Handbook of Soap Manufacture Hence Berzelius identified "electrical polarity" with chemical affinity. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z But the result was the same as was found by Berzelius—no excess of one of the elements could be discovered. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Klaproth, and especially by Berzelius; these chemists are to be regarded as the pioneers in this branch of descriptive chemistry. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The above method for the determination of the composition of water was first used by Berzelius in 1820. An Elementary Study of Chemistry He took very little part in the many important discussions on chemical theories which engaged the attention of such men as Dumas, Gerhardt, Berzelius, and Liebig, during the active period of his life. Scientific American Supplement, No. 365, December 30, 1882 The classification adopted by Berzelius was essentially a dualistic classification. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Two problems arose from the discoveries of Dalton and Berzelius. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z Unwilling to discard the strictly unitary views of these chemists, or to adopt the copulae theory of Berzelius, he revived the notion of radicals in a new form. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Berzelius made two attempts at a classification based solely on chemical constitution. Essays on Education and Kindred Subjects Everyman's Library The metal examined by the author behaves with the reagents in question the same as did the specimens obtained by Berzelius. Scientific American Supplement, No. 365, December 30, 1882 On this basis Berzelius reared a system of classification in mineralogy which much aided the advance of that branch of natural science. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The first question was a purely technical one; its answer depended upon analytical skill, and Berzelius in his time easily took the lead, his numbers being readily accepted on the continent of Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z This law—purely empirical in origin—was strengthened by Berzelius, who redetermined many specific heats, and applied the law to determine the true atomic weight from the equivalent weight. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" To avoid this, the top of the tube must be supplied with a mouthpiece of ivory or horn C. The blowpipe here represented is the one used by Ghan, and approved by Berzelius. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations For further instruction in his chosen science, Wöhler went to Stockholm to receive instruction from Berzelius, in whose laboratory he continued to work from the fall of 1823 until the middle of the following year. Scientific American Supplement, No. 365, December 30, 1882 Davy and Berzelius had proved that hydrogen is markedly electro-positive; hydrogen appeared to Graham to belong to the class of metals. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius was constantly on the look-out for means to distinguish the true atomic weights from their multiples or sub-multiples, but he could not find an unmistakable test. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 3 "Electrostatics" to "Engis" 2011-02-06T03:00:53.093Z The results of Berzelius were greatly extended by Hermann Kopp, who recognized that carbon, boron and silicon were exceptions to the law. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The subjoined figure, from Berzelius, is perhaps the best form of lamp. A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations Berzelius obtained this substance in an impure form by heating boron in sulphur vapor, but the first practical mode of its preparation in a state of tolerable purity was that employed by Wohler and Deville. Scientific American Supplement, No. 841, February 13, 1892 The ultimate particles, or molecules, of every compound were regarded by Berzelius as built up of two parts, each of which might itself be an elementary atom, or a group of elementary atoms. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z It was Berzelius, I believe, who considered the heat and light evolved in cases of combustion as the consequences of this mode of exertion of the electric powers of the combining particles. Experimental Researches in Electricity, Volume 1 Berzelius was an early worker in this field; he was succeeded by Bunsen, and Deville and Debray, who worked out the separation of rhodium; and at a later date by P.T. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Half of the third case, and cases 4, 5, and 6 in this room, are covered with various electro-negative metals and metalloids, classed according to the system laid down by Berzelius. How to See the British Museum in Four Visits The electric currents of Berzelius and Oersted, the crucible of Wohler, the closed furnaces and the hydrogen gas of the French manufacturers and the Bessemer converter apparatus of Thompson, all indicate one direction. Scientific American Supplement, No. 531, March 6, 1886 The conception of compound radicle was carried by Berzelius to its utmost limits. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The layer is of extreme thinness; and on analysis by Berzelius it was found to consist of the oxides of manganese and iron. The Voyage of the Beagle Considerable uncertainty existed as to the atomic weights of these metals, the values obtained by Berzelius being doubtful. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" In Berzelius' system potassium sulphate is to be regarded as K2O+.SO3-; electrolysis should simply effect the disruption of the positive and negative components, potash passing with the current, and sulphuric acid against the current. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Berzelius, in his report to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, called it the most important of all researches in physics, chemistry, and mineralogy published in that year. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 Berzelius had insisted that every molecule is a dual structure. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z In Berzelius Park the seats which were usually occupied by the nursemaids of the rich and their charges, were crowded with the families of the labourers who had appeared in great numbers with their perambulators. Married Since the time of Berzelius many experimenters have entered the lists, and introduced developments which we have not space to mention. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Opposition to the ``hydrogen-acid'' theory centred mainly about the hypothetical radicals which it postulated; moreover, the electrochemical theory of Berzelius exerted a stultifying influence on the correct views of Davy and Dulong. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Davy, Oerstedt, and Berzelius attempted the extraction of this metal, but could not succeed. Scientific American Supplement, No. 362, December 9, 1882 Berzelius, we saw, greatly improved the methods whereby atomic weights could be determined, and he recognized the importance of physical generalizations as aids in finding the atomic weights of chemical substances. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius, who, at my request, examined these crusts, recognized in them, as in those of the granites of the Orinoco and River Congo, the union of iron and manganese. Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America, During the Year 1799-1804 — Volume 2 Notwithstanding Avogadro’s perspicuous investigation, and a similar exposition of the atom and molecule by A. M. Ampere, the views therein expressed were ignored both by Berzelius. their own and the succeeding generation. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" In later years Berzelius renounced the ``oxygen acid'' theory, but not before Davy, and, almost simultaneously, Dulong, had submitted that hydrogen and not oxygen was the acidifying principle. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 I had brought with me a letter of introduction from Oersted, to the celebrated Berzelius, who gave me a good reception in the old city of Upsala. True Story of My Life The elaboration of the atomic theory was busily carried on during the second and third decades of this century; to this the labour of the Swedish chemist Berzelius largely contributed. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The opinions of Mitscherlich and Berzelius had ceased to be tenable in the presence of the new facts which we had brought to light. The Harvard Classics Volume 38 Scientific Papers (Physiology, Medicine, Surgery, Geology) We may here notice the important chemical symbolism or notation introduced by Berzelius, which greatly contributed to the definite and convenient representation of chemical composition Chemical notation. and the tracing of chemical reactions. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Experiment showed, however, that instead of only potash appearing at the negative electrode, hydrogen is also liberated; this is inexplicable by Berzelius's theory, but readily explained by the ``hydrogen-acid'' theory. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Two members of the Academy of Sciences taught him chemistry, so that he might be exact in his representation of Claes' experiments; and he read Berzelius into the bargain. Balzac No materials, so far as I am aware, exist from which a life of Berzelius can be constructed. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The word isomerism was coined by Berzelius to express this anomalous condition of things, which seemed to negative the most fundamental truths of chemistry. A History of Science — Volume 4 At a later date Berzelius denoted an oxide by dots, equal in number to the number of oxygen atoms present, placed over the element; this notation survived longest in mineralogy. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Somewhat similar views were held by Berzelius, when developing his dualistic conception of the composition of substances. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 Berzelius at once accepted Mitscherlich's law, as an aid in his researches on atomic weights. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The publication of this analysis marks the first appearance of Berzelius as an author. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Thus the theory of Berzelius seemed to be substantiated, and organic chemistry came to be defined as the chemistry of compound radicals. A History of Science — Volume 4 While successfully investigating the solid elements and their compounds gravimetrically, Berzelius was guilty of several inconsistencies in his views on gases. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" This compound was afterwards fully investigated by J. J. Berzelius, who showed it to be potassium carbide. The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28 In the days of Berzelius and Davy strenuous efforts were made to obtain some generalizations by the application of which the many known elements and compounds might be divided into groups. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z In the year 1832 Berzelius resigned his professorship, and in the same year he married. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z But such a formula would have had no meaning for the wisest chemist before the day of Berzelius. A History of Science — Volume 4 Berzelius elevated this theory to an important position in the history of our science. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" Hence silica was regarded as the typical earth, until Berzelius, in 1815, proved it to be an acid. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius was among the last to adopt the new view. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius further extended the conception of atom by applying it to groups of elements formed, according to him, by the combination of various compound atoms. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z This theory of binary composition of all chemical compounds, through the union of electro-positive and electro-negative atoms or molecules, was extended by Berzelius, and made the basis of his famous system of theoretical chemistry. A History of Science — Volume 4 At about the same time Hermann Kolbe attempted a rehabilitation, with certain modifications, of the dualistic conception of Berzelius. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" It depends, said Berzelius, on the electrical states of these atoms. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Some oxides are positive, others negative, said Berzelius; but acids are characterized by negative electricity, therefore the presence of oxygen in a compound does not always confer on that compound acid properties. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius did much to advance chemical science by the introduction and application of a few simple rules whereby he determined the number of elementary atoms in various compound atoms. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius had seized upon this discovery of the compound radical, as it was called, because it seemed to lend aid to his dualistic theory. A History of Science — Volume 4 Vigorous opposition was made by Liebig and Berzelius, the latter directing his attack against Dumas, whom he erroneously believed to be the author of what was, in his opinion, a pernicious theory. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 6, Slice 1 "Châtelet" to "Chicago" The supposition of the acid character of silica was amply confirmed by the mineralogical analyses and experiments of Berzelius. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z Berzelius also did important work in the domain of organic chemistry. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The weights of the volumes of elementary gases which combined were, for Berzelius, also the weights of the atoms of these elements. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z The electro-chemical conceptions of Davy were modified by Berzelius; they were shorn of something of their elasticity, but were rendered more suited to be the basis of a rigid theory. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z But Berzelius came to believe too implicitly in his own view of Nature's working; his theory became too imperious. Heroes of Science Chemists 2011-12-09T03:00:21.047Z |
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