| 单词 | synovial membrane |
| 例句 | Synovitis is a condition of the synovial membrane, which lines the cavities of the joints. Lady Gaga postpones shows after swollen joints leave her unable to walk 2013-02-14T11:12:06Z Lining the inner surface of the articular capsule is a thin synovial membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The depletion of all FAPα-expressing fibroblasts led to a substantial reduction in the number of cells in the synovial membrane, suggesting a general reduction in inflammation. Two types of fibroblast drive arthritis 2019-05-28T04:00:00Z Every diarthrodial joint possesses a fibrous or ligamentous capsule, lined with synovial membrane, attached to the adjacent ends of the articulating bones. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 3 "Capefigue" to "Carneades" The bones, cartilages, ligaments, and synovial membrane are insensible when in health; yet they are supplied with organic nerves, as well as with arteries, veins, and lymphatics. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) The affected joints, including their tendons, ligaments, and synovial membranes, may be swollen, hot, and distended with liquid. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle In rheumatoid arthritis, the joint capsule and synovial membrane become inflamed. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z There are also fringes from the synovial membrane that may be caught between the articular surfaces. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This is a constitutional inflammatory affection of the joints, affecting the fibrous tissue and serous, or synovial membrane. Cattle and Their Diseases Embracing Their History and Breeds, Crossing and Breeding, And Feeding and Management; With the Diseases to which They are Subject, And The Remedies Best Adapted to their Cure In structure, they are analogous to synovial membranes, and secrete a similar fluid. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) As in the case of articular rheumatism, the tendons, ligaments, and synovial membranes may become involved. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle Friction between the bones is reduced by a thin layer of articular cartilage covering the surfaces of the bones, and by a lubricating synovial fluid, which is secreted by the synovial membrane. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Pathological Anatomy.—Bone lesions bulk more largely in hip disease than they do in disease of other joints—five cases originating in bone to one in synovial membrane being the usual estimate. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This space is lined, except upon the articular surfaces, by the synovial membrane. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools Most of the ligaments are found exterior to the synovial membrane. A Treatise on Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene (Revised Edition) Occasionally the ends of the bones, where they are covered by the synovial membrane of the joints, are dotted with tubercles. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle A synovial membrane is a type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely movable joint. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z The ingrowth of synovial membrane may fill up the cavity of the joint, or may divide it up into compartments. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Cut it open and locate the cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools It is often stated that a ganglion originates from a hernial protrusion of the synovial membrane of a joint or tendon sheath. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The synovial membrane, and in fact the whole structure of the joint, is susceptible to injury and serious inflammatory derangement, and the capsular ligament is liable to be distended from excessive secretion of synovia. Special Report on Diseases of Cattle For example, synovial membranes surround the joints of the shoulder, elbow, and knee. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z When the disease is confined to the synovial membrane, its onset is insidious, there is little or no pain, and no interference with any movement except complete extension. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. These synovial membranes, with few exceptions, when inflamed occasion a synovitis that may be very acute, yet there is less manifestation of pain than in arthritis. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 The fringes of synovial membrane may also undergo a remarkable development, like that observed in arthritis deformans, and described as arborescent lipoma. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In other cases the disease of the synovial membrane, and after it the disease of the joint, may be secondary to diseases commencing in the structures around the joint. Diseases of the Horse's Foot Fibroblasts in the inner layer of the synovial membrane release hyaluronan into the joint cavity. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z Initial Stage.—At this stage the disease is confined to a focus in the bone which has not yet opened into the joint or to the synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. If daily injections are necessary, dilution of the tincture of iodin with an equal amount of alcohol is advisable in order to avoid doing irreparable damage to the articular cartilages and synovial membranes. Lameness of the Horse Veterinary Practitioners' Series, No. 1 This has been observed in children, especially in the knee, the lesion being in the synovial membrane, and attended with an accumulation of pus in the joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Causes.—An attack of acute arthritis may commence with the affection of the synovial membrane, and spread from that to the other structures. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The synovial membrane lines the interior surface of the joint cavity and secretes the synovial fluid. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z In a certain number of cases it may be possible to recognise localised thickening of the synovial membrane, or the presence of floating masses of fibrin or melon-seed bodies. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. SPAVIN.—A spavin is a chronic inflammation of the articular faces of the hock bones, ligaments and synovial membranes. Common Diseases of Farm Animals The deposit of urates in the synovial membrane is attended with effusion into the joint and the formation of adhesions, while in the ligaments and peri-articular structures it leads to the formation of scar tissue. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Later, as destruction of the synovial membrane proceeds, the flow of synovia is stopped, while the pus formation goes on until finally nothing but pus and dead tissue products fill the cavity. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The principal structures which unite in the formation of a joint are: bone, cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments. A Practical Physiology In the majority of cases the disease affects both bone and synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It is generally due to chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane. Common Diseases of Farm Animals They are found also in the diverticula of the synovial membrane, in the shoulder in the downward prolongation along the tendon of the biceps, in the hip in the bursal extension beneath the psoas. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It is then found that, as in inflammation elsewhere, the synovial membrane is showing the usual inflammatory phenomena—that it is thick and swollen as a result of the inflammatory hyperæmia and commencing exudation. Diseases of the Horse's Foot A very delicate connective tissue, called the synovial membrane, lines the capsules of the joints, and covers the ligaments connected with them. A Practical Physiology Conversely, disease in the synovial membrane may spread to the bone in relation to it. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In injuries involving the sheaths of the tendons and the synovial membrane, the pain is severe and the accompanying inflammation may take on a serious form. Common Diseases of Farm Animals Diseased synovial membrane is removed with the scissors or knife. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It is an important point to note that in cases of synovitis the fringes of the synovial membrane become swollen and blood-injected, forming noticeable red elevations at the margins of the cartilages. Diseases of the Horse's Foot There are no reactive changes in the synovial membrane, cellular tissue, or skin, nor is there any fever or disturbance of health. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. If the joint is opened, fibrinous material, often in the form of melon-seed bodies, may be found lining the synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. In the milder forms, there is engorgement and infiltration of the synovial membrane, and an effusion into the cavity of the joint of serous fluid mixed with flakes of fibrin—serous synovitis. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The destruction of cartilage may be secondary to disease of the synovial membrane or of the subjacent bone. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. We know, too, that in such cases the synovial membrane becomes thickened, and that in places it may have extended somewhat over the edges of the articular cartilages. Diseases of the Horse's Foot As in tuberculosis, the disease may be first located in the synovial membrane, or it may spread to the joint from one of the bones. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. We have achieved the same result by dividing the lax capsule and synovial membrane on the medial side of the patella, and overlapping the edges with a double line of catgut sutures. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The disease may extend to the synovial membrane and be attended with effusion into the joint, or it may erupt on the periosteal surface and invade the skin, forming one or more sinuses. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. When the disease begins as a synovitis, the synovial membrane spreads over the articular surface, fuses with the cartilage and eats into it, causing defects or holes which are spoken of as ulcers. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In such cases there is no doubt that the intense pain sometimes observed in these cases is due to pinching of these prolongations of the synovial membrane by the opposing bones of the joint. Diseases of the Horse's Foot Changes in the Synovial Membrane.—In the majority of cases there is a diffuse thickening of the synovial membrane, due to the formation of granulation tissue, or of young connective tissue, in its substance. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The disease originates in the synovial membrane and in the bones respectively with about equal frequency. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The position of the abscess in relation to different joints is fairly constant and is determined by the anatomical relationships of the capsule and synovial membrane to the surrounding tissues. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The disease spreads throughout the capsule and synovial membrane, which becomes diffusely thickened and infiltrated with granulation tissue which eats into and replaces the articular cartilage. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Definition.—By the term 'synovitis' is indicated an inflammation of the synovial membrane. Diseases of the Horse's Foot In the tertiary stage the joint lesions are persistent and destructive, and result from the formation of gummata, either in the deeper layers of the synovial membrane or in the adjacent bone or periosteum. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It usually results from a primary tuberculosis of the synovial membrane occurring in children reduced in health and the subject of tuberculosis elsewhere. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The fusion of the cartilaginous surfaces is preceded by the spreading of a vascular connective tissue, derived from the synovial membrane, over the articular cartilage. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. When there is much connective tissue formed in relation to the synovial membrane, the joint is swollen, and as the muscles waste above and below, the swelling is spindle-shaped. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In suppurative arthritis, for instance, we have the synovial membrane destroyed, the articular cartilages partly or wholly obliterated, and the former boundaries of the joint entirely lost. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The thickened synovial membrane is projected into the cavity of the joint, filling up its pouches and recesses, and spreading over the surface of the articular cartilage “like ivy growing on a wall.” Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It usually originates in the synovial membrane, but foci are frequently present in the carpal bones, and less commonly in the lower ends of the radius and ulna, or in the bases of the metacarpals. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. This is what was formerly known as gelatinous degeneration of the synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. New growths taking origin in the synovial membrane are rare, and are not usually diagnosed before operation. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The synovial membrane and the articular cartilages utterly destroyed, as we have described, cannot again be replaced. Diseases of the Horse's Foot The Contents of Tuberculous Joints.—In a large proportion of cases of synovial tuberculosis the joint is entirely filled up by the diffuse thickening of the synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. On account of the great extent of the synovial membrane, a large quantity of serous effusion may accumulate in the joint in a comparatively short time, as a result either of injury or disease. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. More rarely the joint contains pus, and the surface of the synovial membrane resembles the wall of a cold abscess. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. They are not peculiar to joints, for they are met with in tendon sheaths and bursæ, and their origin from synovial membrane may be accepted as proved. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In removing the anterior half of the cartilage it is highly important to remember the close contiguity to it of the synovial membrane of the pedal articulation. Diseases of the Horse's Foot When the main incidence of the infection affects the synovial membrane, the clinical picture may assume the form of a hydrops, or of an empyema in which the joint is filled with pus. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The synovial membrane extends beneath the quadriceps extensor as a cul-de-sac, which either communicates with the sub-crural bursa, or forms with it one continuous cavity. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Proliferative changes in the synovial membrane are attended with increased vascularity and thickening of the membrane and an enlargement of its villi and fringes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. As the swelling of the joint is associated with wasting of the muscles, with stiffness, and with flexion, the condition closely resembles tuberculous disease of the synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. In this case the diseased structure has nothing between it and the articulation, the synovial membrane in one position actually lining its inner face. Diseases of the Horse's Foot These changes in the synovial membrane are often associated with an abundant exudate or hydrops. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The arrangement of the synovial membranes also favours the extension of disease throughout the numerous articulations in the region of the wrist. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Tendon sheaths have the same structure and function as the synovial membranes of joints, and are liable to the same diseases. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. One or two cases have been recorded in which a cartilaginous tumour growing from the synovial membrane has erupted through the joint capsule and infiltrated the adjoining muscles. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. It will be remembered that here the synovial membrane protrudes as a small sac between the antero- and postero-lateral ligaments of the joint. Diseases of the Horse's Foot Tuberculous Disease of Tendon Sheaths.—This is a comparatively common affection, and is analogous to tuberculous disease of the synovial membrane of joints. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The occurrence of articular caries without swelling of the synovial membrane is exceptional, and is associated with a good deal of pain and considerable restriction of movement. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. It may originate in the periosteum, or may spread thence from the marrow, or from synovial membrane. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Definition of Terms.—The term synovitis is applied to any reaction which affects the synovial membrane of a joint. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. From no surface in the body can absorption take place quicker than from the synovial membrane of a joint. Diseases of the Horse's Foot A subsynovial lipoma grows from the fat surrounding the synovial membrane of a joint, and projects into its interior, giving rise to the symptoms of loose body. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. These emboli lodge in the minute vessels of the lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, pleura, brain, synovial membranes, or cellular tissue, and the bacteria they contain give rise to secondary foci of suppuration. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Above, it is in connection with the synovial membrane of the pedal articulation and that of the metacarpo-phalangeal sheath. Diseases of the Horse's Foot Its favourite seat is in the hand and wrist, the sheaths of the extensor tendons as well as the synovial membrane of the joints being involved. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. |
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