| 单词 | stroma |
| 例句 | As the electron passes along these proteins, energy from the electron fuels membrane pumps that actively move hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient from the stroma into the thylakoid space. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, uses energy derived from these compounds to make GA3P from CO2. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The rest of the fluid outside of this is called stroma. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane and surrounding the grana is called the stroma. Environmental Biology 2018-09-06T00:00:00Z Oocytes develop within the outer layer of this stroma, each surrounded by supporting cells. Anatomy and Physiology 2013-06-19T00:00:00Z These energy- carrying molecules travel into the stroma where the Calvin cycle reactions take place. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z These energy- carrying molecules are made in the stroma where carbon fixation takes place. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. Miller & Levine Biology 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z The data also offer a potential explanation for the aberrant glucose regulation reported in metabolically dysfunctional fatty breast tissue of people who are obese, in which the connective tissue, called the stroma, is often stiff7. Tension in tumour cells keeps metabolism high 2020-02-11T05:00:00Z The surgeon first uses a suction ring to flatten the eye in order to cut a flap in the cornea, folding the flap back to reveal the middle section, called the stroma. Lasik’s Risks Are Coming Into Sharper Focus 2018-06-11T04:00:00Z In the Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, the chemical energy derived from the light-dependent reactions drives both the capture of carbon in carbon dioxide molecules and the subsequent assembly of sugar molecules. Concepts of Biology 2013-04-25T00:00:00Z The light harvesting reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes, and the synthesis of sugar takes place in the fluid inside the inner membrane, which is called the stroma. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Because those organoids include stroma, a scaffold of connective tissue essential for tumor growth, they may prove better for studying therapies that target the stroma, such as cancer immunotherapy. This scientist is building miniature guts, livers, and lungs that could save your life one day 2017-08-23T04:00:00Z These results highlight potential roles for YAP and reactive stroma in EMT-regulated progression of cervical cancers. Integrated genomic and molecular characterization of cervical cancer : Nature : Nature Research 2017-01-22T05:00:00Z Then the surgeon uses pulses from a computer-controlled laser to destroy a portion of the stroma, and replaces the flap. Lasik’s Risks Are Coming Into Sharper Focus 2018-06-11T04:00:00Z Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, possibly in part because the tumours are surrounded by relatively large amounts of connective tissue called stroma, which promotes their growth. Cancer: Tumours live in diverse areas : Nature : Nature Research 2017-03-07T05:00:00Z The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane that surrounds the grana is called the stroma. Biology for AP Courses 2022-06-09T00:00:00Z Can adoptive T-cell therapies be as effective in solid cancers as they seem to be in some lymphoid malignancies, or might features of the tumour stroma inhibit their activity? Gene therapy returns to centre stage : Nature : Nature Publishing Group 2015-10-13T04:00:00Z The world’s earliest fossilised stromatolites lend this collection its title, since the word derives from the Greek stroma, a mattress, coupled with the root word for stone. Stone Mattress review – Margaret Atwood’s deft touch illuminates old age 2014-09-28T04:00:00Z Postvaccination cervical tissue immune infiltrates included organized tertiary lymphoid-like structures in the stroma subjacent to residual intraepithelial lesions and, unlike infiltrates in unvaccinated lesions, showed evidence of proliferation induced by recognition of cognate antigen. [Research Articles] Intramuscular Therapeutic Vaccination Targeting HPV16 Induces T Cell Responses That Localize in Mucosal Lesions 2014-01-29T19:55:07.174Z We discuss how poorly scanned the holograms were, blurring the lens, stroma and cornea together, ha-ha isn't that ironic. Reach for the stars 2013-09-18T17:22:51.287Z The response of the supporting stroma to treatment may show a more complicated picture in which stress-response programs in these cells may be limiting treatment efficacy by providing a protective environment for tumour cells. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response 2013-09-18T17:22:26.223Z But the stroma bathes the cells in growth factors and chemical signals that keep them in a dormant phase resistant to chemotherapy. Stem cells: Bad seeds 2013-06-26T17:20:57.320Z Analysis of surgical specimens demonstrated greater, preferential expression of reovirus protein in malignant cells compared to either tumor stroma or surrounding normal liver tissue. [Research Articles] Cell Carriage, Delivery, and Selective Replication of an Oncolytic Virus in Tumor in Patients 2012-06-13T18:55:08.080Z The degenerations of the epithelioid cells and stroma suggest qualifying terms. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Epichloë, which clothes the sheaths and halms of grasses with its stroma, at first snowy white and later ochre-yellow as the perithecia form, is another example. Disease in Plants 2012-03-01T03:00:22Z The complexity of the tumour stroma at various stages of development and after drug treatment remains to be characterized in great detail, and this presents its own challenges. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response 2013-09-18T17:22:26.223Z One characteristic common to all leukaemia stem cells is that they require the particular microenvironment of the bone marrow, known as the stroma. Stem cells: Bad seeds 2013-06-26T17:20:57.320Z Several groups of researchers are studying immune cells in the stroma called dendritic cells, for example. Microenvironment: Neighbourhood watch 2011-12-14T18:21:10.780Z The mucous and colloid cancers are those whose alveolar contents or stroma have undergone a mucous or colloid degeneration. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The word comes from the Greek stroma, a mattress, coupled with the root word for “stone.” Margaret Atwood: “Stone Mattress.” 2011-12-12T05:00:00Z Another obstacle in targeting the tumour stroma is developing reliable diagnostic markers that are based on a clear understanding of the determinants of responsiveness. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response 2013-09-18T17:22:26.223Z Instead of focusing on the tumour cells themselves, C-Path determined that the most predictive features were found in the cells surrounding the tumour, in a region called the stroma. Computerized Pathologist Grades Breast Tumors and Predicts Outcomes 2011-11-10T19:45:00.287Z The microscope shows small areas scattered throughout where the glomeruli are hyalinized, the stroma full of small round cells, the tubules dilated, and the cells are almost bare of protoplasm. Arteriosclerosis and Hypertension: with Chapters on Blood Pressure, 3rd Edition. 2011-10-11T02:01:07.890Z In like manner, when the new formation concerns the connective-tissue stroma, as well as the epithelial sprouts, vascularization proceeds with the development of the tumor, and favorable conditions for rapid growth are presented. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z The same functions of storage in advance of fructification are also exercised by the stromata so common in Ascomycetes. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z Another challenge is how to measure clinical benefit for agents that target the tumour stroma. Influence of tumour micro-environment heterogeneity on therapeutic response 2013-09-18T17:22:26.223Z "Yet currently, pathologists don't look at the stroma at all." Computerized Pathologist Grades Breast Tumors and Predicts Outcomes 2011-11-10T19:45:00.287Z An aborally-placed motor nerve-centre gives off branches to the stroma connecting the various plates of the theca and of its brachial, anal and columnar extensions, and thus co-ordinates the movements of the whole skeleton. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 10 "Echinoderma" to "Edward" 2011-01-19T03:00:19.027Z These are hard, firm, and resistant, and histologically consist of a dense fibrous stroma interspersed with the spindle-shaped cells. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z Other series of modifications arise in which the tissues corresponding to the stroma invest the sporogenous hyphal ends, and thus enclose the spores, asci, basidia, &c., in a cavity. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 11, Slice 3 "Frost" to "Fyzabad" 2011-08-15T02:00:28.473Z The cortical substance is composed of bundles of cells, separated by a stroma, which have a different appearance in different parts. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 8, Slice 8 "Dubner" to "Dyeing" 2010-12-26T03:00:17.840Z In reptiles and amphibia the red corpuscles are also nucleated, but the stroma portion containing the haemoglobin is arranged in a thickened annular part encircling the nucleus. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 4, Slice 1 "Bisharin" to "Bohea" In structure such growths are composed of nucleated cells and free nuclei together with a milky fluid called cancer juice, all contained within a more or less dense fibrous stroma or framework. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Slice 2 "Camorra" to "Cape Colony" Hemorrhages into the stroma of the kidneys, the Malpighian tufts, and the uriniferous tubules arrest urinary secretion, and thus entail death. A System of Practical Medicine by American Authors, Vol. I Volume 1: Pathology and General Diseases 2012-03-17T02:00:54.097Z When no such surface is present, the fruit is borne on threads, proceeding direct from the root-like filaments of the mycelium, or an intermediate kind of cushion or stroma. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The stroma is between fleshy and corky, covered with a black or rufous bark. The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise Its Habitat and its Time of Growth When the fibrous stroma is greatly in excess—fibrous goitre—the swelling is smaller, firmer, and shows a greater tendency to contract and compress the trachea. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. As the disease progresses, the stroma of the iris atrophies and contracts. Glaucoma A Symposium Presented at a Meeting of the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, November 17, 1913 There is a supporting ground mass, or stroma, into which numerous bloodvessels and nerves enter and break up. Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata There is no proper excipulum or peridium, and the spores spring direct from a more compacted portion of the mycelium, or from a cushion-like stroma of small cells. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The perithecia are arranged in a circle neat the apex of the stroma. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces Enclosing the gland substance is the capsule proper, which sends in processes to form its fibrous stroma. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Where the iris tissue lies in contact with the cornea, the stroma of the iris almost totally disappears. Glaucoma A Symposium Presented at a Meeting of the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, November 17, 1913 Each one consists of a little mass of protoplasm, called the stroma, which contains a substance having a red color, known as hemoglobin. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools In Ustilago, the minute sooty spores are developed either on delicate threads or in compacted cells, arising first from a sort of semi-gelatinous, grumous stroma. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Stipes usually short, but sometimes 6-8 mm. long, and when growing in clusters, the bases consolidated by a carbonous stroma. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces When pus forms it may infiltrate the stroma of the gland, or may be collected into several small foci. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. Nor has the microscope discovered in the demented any exudation or addition to the stroma of the brain, or any change in size, shape, or proportional number of its cells. Moral Principles and Medical Practice The Basis of Medical Jurisprudence The stroma, which forms only about one tenth of the solid matter of the corpuscles, serves as a contrivance for holding the hemoglobin. Physiology and Hygiene for Secondary Schools In some the perithecia are simple, in others compound; in some immersed in a stroma, in others free; in some fleshy or waxy, in others carbonaceous, and in others membranaceous. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The usual Xylaria has a white, sterile, central portion known as the stroma, bearing a carbonous crust. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces When the secreting elements increase out of proportion to the stroma, numerous rounded or irregular spaces filled with a thick yellow colloid material are formed in the substance of the goitre—colloid goitre. Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities—Head—Neck. Sixth Edition. The osteoid sarcoma is characterised by the formation of a tissue resembling bone but deficient in lime salts, and the petrifying sarcoma by the formation of calcified areas in the stroma. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. This process goes on until the whole of the internal stroma becomes tense and brilliantly injected with blood.... Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 3 Analysis of the Sexual Impulse; Love and Pain; The Sexual Impulse in Women In the pileate forms, the stroma is fleshy and highly developed; in the cup-shaped, it is reduced to the external cells of the cup which enclose the hymenium. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The perithecia are generally imbedded in the outer portion of the stroma, the mouths opening through the carbonous crust. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces I also noticed an inflamed and angry color to the stroma with trimmings of the same. Remarks The essential structural feature is the predominance of the cellular elements over the intercellular substance or stroma, in which respect a sarcoma resembles the connective tissue of the embryo. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Kiwisch describes the structural change in this gland as consisting, on the one hand, of an increase of the connective-tissue stroma; and, on the other hand, the Graafian vesicles themselves undergo retrograde change. The Four Epochs of Woman's Life; a study in hygiene A perithecium, or cell excavated in the stroma which fulfils the functions of a perithecium, is always present. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses There are Species of Xylaria that have no white stroma. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces Towards the end of the year, shortly stipitate spores appear on their stroma, which do not fall off. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The softer medullary forms are composed almost exclusively of cells; while the harder forms—such as the fibro-, chondro-, and osteo-sarcoma—are provided with an abundant stroma and are relatively poor in cells. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. This might be made a genus, corresponding to Hypoxylon as to stroma, but having the stroma hollow and filled with a pulverulent mass. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces Sometimes the perithecia are solitary or scattered, and sometimes gregarious, whilst in other instances they are closely aggregated and immersed in a stroma of variable size and form. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses Perithecia carbonous, forming several stratose layers, imbedded in the stroma in the depressions. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces The latter specimens grew erumpent from thin bark, and the broken bark forms a kind of cup at the base of the stroma. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces If the alveoli are large and the intervening stroma is scanty and delicate, the tumour is soft and brain-like, and is described as a medullary or encephaloid cancer. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. Some grew in same manner, erumpent from thin bark and the broken bark forms a kind of cup at the base of the stroma, others on the naked, hard wood and grew more compact. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces This will lead to the suspicion, which can afterwards be verified, that the red heads are really produced on the stem or stroma of the pink tubercles. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses The perithecia were long, cylindrical, and were arranged in a circle or were contiguous, near the summit of the stroma. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces In the latter case the black stroma at the base was thicker and more in evidence. Synopsis of Some Genera of the Large Pyrenomycetes Camilla, Thamnomyces, Engleromyces Melanin pigment is formed in relation to the cells and stroma of certain epithelial tumours, giving rise to melanotic cancer, one of the most malignant of all new growths. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The consistence of the tumour depends on the nature and amount of the stroma, and on the presence of degenerative changes. Manual of Surgery Volume First: General Surgery. Sixth Edition. The little subglobose bodies which spring from a common stroma or stem are hollow shells or capsules, externally granular, internally filled with a gelatinous nucleus. Fungi: Their Nature and Uses |
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