Chronic gout can eventually lead to permanent deposits of urate crystals—called tophi, which form along the bones just beneath the skin.

慢性痛风最终会导致尿酸结晶的永久性沉积，形成痛风石，附于骨头，止于皮下。

Over time, repeated gouty attacks can develop into chronic gout, which is a type of arthritis with joint tissue destruction and permanent joint deformity.

久而久之，反复的痛风发作会演变为慢性痛风，一种会导致关节组织破坏和永久性关节畸形的关节炎 。

Individuals with chronic gout are also at an increased risk for developing kidney stones made of uric acid, as well as urate nephropathy, which is when urate crystals deposit in the interstitium of the kidney.

慢性痛风的病人罹患尿酸性肾结石以及尿酸性肾病的风险也会升高；尿酸性肾病中，尿酸结晶沉积于肾脏间质。