But with chronic stress exposure, problems arise.

但如果长期暴露在紧张的情绪下，问题就来了。

And that makes the sample representative of an individual's chronic exposure.

这使得所得样本能代表一个人的长期接触。

That is the difference between acute and chronic exposure, and it is a difference most people understand.

这就是急性暴露和慢性暴露的区别，大多数人都能理解这两者的不同之处。

Chronic laryngitis is less common and it's associated with allergies, or the result of chronic exposure to irritating agents, like cigarette smoke.

慢性喉炎相对不常见，与过敏有关，或长期暴露于刺激物的结果，如吸烟。

AROUND one heart attack in 50 in rich European countries is caused by chronic exposure to loud traffic, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

据世界卫生组织（WHO）报道，在欧洲发达国家中，平均每50个人就会有一个由于持续暴露在交通噪音中而患上心脏病。

Almost half of the raptors in the 38 states were found to have chronic exposure to the metal, which scientists believed they ingested while scavenging.

在美国的38个州中，几乎有一半的猛禽被发现长期接触金属，科学家认为它们是在觅食时摄入的金属。

And chronic exposure to nicotine changes the functioning of these systems. So as an example, chronic exposure to nicotine decreases the flexibility of the blood vessels and changes how the heart responds to acute challenges like stress.

长期接触尼古丁会改变这些系统的功能。因此，举个例子，长期接触尼古丁会降低血管的柔韧性，并改变心脏对压力等急性挑战的反应方式。

Five of the cars were carrying vinyl chloride, a colorless gas used in making plastic products that can cause dizziness, headaches and drowsiness when inhaled in the short term and a rare form of liver cancer after chronic exposure.

其中五节车厢携带了氯乙烯，这是一种无色气体，用于制造塑料产品，短期吸入会导致头晕、头痛和嗜睡，长期接触会导致一种罕见的肝癌。