With mutations, proto-oncogenes become oncogenes, and these overstimulate the cell growth.

随着突变，原癌基因变为癌基因，这些癌基因过度刺激细胞生长。

Now, there are genes that promote normal cell growth called proto-oncogenes.

这时，有一些促进正常细胞生长的基因被称作原癌基因。

Changes in these genes lead to abnormal cell growth resulting in masses of tissues called tumors.

这些基因的改变会导致细胞生长异常，从而导致组织的大量出现，这就是肿瘤。

The Myc gene stimulates cell growth and metabolism, so the translocation results in increased cell division.

MYC基因刺激细胞生长和新陈代谢，因此，易位导致细胞分裂加速。

Oncogenes help cells grow and proliferate, while tumor suppressor genes slow down cell growth and proliferation.

致癌基因加速细胞生长增殖，而抑癌基因使细胞生长增殖变慢。

Both of these proteins, are tumor suppressors, meaning they help slow down cell growth and prevent tumors.

这些蛋白都是肿瘤抑制剂，辅助抑制细胞生长，阻止肿瘤发生。

PKC is a pretty big deal because it regulates things like cell growth and metabolic activity.

PKC非常重要，因为它调节细胞生长和代谢活动。

Our bodies contain trillions of highly specialized cells and each carries genes responsible for regulating cell growth and division.

我们的身体含有数万亿个高度特化的细胞，并且每个细胞都携带着调控细胞生长和分裂的基因。

Retinoids work by binding to skin cell receptors to remove dead skin cells and encourage healthy skin cell growth.

类维生素A通过与皮肤细胞上的受体结合，移除死细胞，促进健康细胞生长。

They also learned that Zika affects neural cell growth and survival.

他们还了解到寨卡病毒会影响神经细胞的生长和存活。

These can trigger unexpected changes in our cells' growth and development.

这些会引发我们细胞生长和发育的意外变化。

According to the American Institute for Cancer Research, the phytochemicals in coffee might reduce cancer cell development by slowing cell growth.

根据美国癌症研究所的研究，咖啡中的植物化学物质可能会通过减缓细胞生长来减少癌细胞的发育。

Taking a break from drinking may be the best way to promote neural stem cell growth and other factors from neurogenesis.

戒酒可能是促进神经干细胞和其他神经元因子生长的最好方法。

The cell growth, inheritance and containment is controlled by its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

细胞生长，遗传和遏制由其DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）控制。

The BCL1 gene encodes the protein cyclin D1, which stimulates cell growth, so once again the translocation results in increased cell division.

BCL1基因编码细胞周期蛋白D1，刺激细胞生长，所以易位导致细胞分裂加速。

To balance out cell growth, there are other genes called tumor suppressor genes which promote apoptosis or cell death of mutated cells.

为平衡细胞生长，还有其它基因，称作抑癌基因，促进突变细胞的凋亡或细胞死亡。

High doses of plant estrogens in soy called isoflavones have been found to stimulate breast tumor cell growth in animal studies.

在动物研究中发现，大豆中的高剂量植物雌激素异黄酮可以刺激乳腺肿瘤细胞的生长。

As expected, even after eight hours, let alone a month, the uncoated and the polydopamine-coated stents were saturated in cell growth triggered by immune activity.

正如预期的那样，即使在八个小时后，未涂层支架和多巴胺涂层支架在免疫活动引发的细胞生长中已经饱和，更不用说一个月了。

They form when there is a mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene or APC gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell growth.

当结肠腺瘤样息肉病（APC）基因突变时，结肠腺瘤往往会形成；APC基因是一种调控细胞增殖的抑癌基因。

After a few days, the sides of the first layer, called the primary cell wall, stiffen, pushing cell growth in one direction and causing the fiber to elongate.

几天后，第一层细胞壁，亦称为初生细胞壁，变硬，向一个方向推动细胞生长，从而使纤维被拉长。