First, they amplify the effect of catecholamines on blood vessels.

首先，它们会放大儿茶酚胺对血管的作用。

These three are all technically monoamines but norepinephrine and dopamine are classified as catecholamines.

严格说来，这三种激素都属于单胺，但去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺也被归为儿茶酚胺。

The problem is there's also this huge sorta catecholamine surge, people are like, " I did it."

问题就是，人们的茶酚胺会激增，就像是“我做到了”。

Now, certain catecholamines can shift potassium movement into cells via the beta-2-adrenergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors on cell membranes.

某些儿茶酚胺能通过细胞膜上的beta-2-和alpha-肾上腺素能受体将钾移入细胞。

Certain catecholamines can also shift potassium out of cells, and this is via beta-2-adrenergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors on cell membranes.

某些儿茶酚胺也可以将钾离子移出细胞，这一行为依赖于细胞膜上β2肾上腺素受体和α肾上腺素受体。

The pump is mainly regulated by hormones such as insulin and catecholamines.

该泵主要由激素（例如胰岛素和儿茶酚胺）调节。

Alright the next dopamine-directed class of therapies are inhibitors of COMT, catecholamine-O-methyltransferase, which is an enzyme that degrades dopamine and levodopa.

下一个针对多巴胺的治疗药物是COMT抑制剂；COMT，即儿茶酚胺-O-甲基转移酶，是一种可以降解多巴胺和左旋多巴的酶。

These two so-called " antidepressants" blocked the usual depletion of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine and blocked the depletion of the monoamine serotonin.

这两种所谓的“抗抑郁药”阻止了儿茶酚胺、多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的消耗，也阻止了 5-羟色胺这种单胺的消耗。

But in cases of broken heart syndrome, these catecholamines go overboard for some reason, interfering with the muscles’ ability to contract.

但在心碎综合症的情况下，这些儿茶酚胺会出于某种原因过度使用， 干扰肌肉收缩的能力。

Catecholamines increase blood flow to the muscles and raise the heart rate and blood pressure to prepare your body to react to potential threats.

儿茶酚胺会增加流向肌肉的血液并提高心率和血压，让您的身体做好应对潜在威胁的准备。

Joseph Schildkraut deserves some credit for this, in 1965 he said that " some, if not all depressions are associated with an absolute or relative deficiency of catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine."

Joseph Schildkraut，该理论的发明者之一，在 1965 年说道：“某些抑郁症与儿茶酚胺缺乏，尤其是去甲肾上腺素缺乏有关。”

Therefore, this response that acts primarily on the cardiovascular system is mediated directly via impulses transmitted through the sympathetic nervous system and indirectly via catecholamines secreted from the adrenal medulla.

因此这种反应主要作用于心血管系统，通过交感神经系统直接介导，或通过肾上腺髓质分泌的儿茶酚胺间接介导。

We still don’t know exactly how this enlargement happens, but the leading hypothesis is the sudden release of catecholamines, things like adrenaline, what’s often called the " fight or flight" response to stress.

我们仍然不知道这种扩大是如何发生的，但主要的假设是儿茶酚胺的突然释放， 比如肾上腺素， 通常被称为对压力的“战斗或逃跑” 反应。

Peripheral dopa decarboxylase also exists, which can metabolize levodopa into dopamine before it gets through the blood brain barrier, and—via additional enzymes— metabolize it into other catecholamines like epinephrine, which can cause unwanted side effects like arrhythmias.

体内还有外周多巴脱羧酶，可以在左旋多巴穿过血脑屏障前将其转换为多巴胺；然后，通过其他酶将其转换为其他儿茶酚胺，如肾上腺素，它可以导致不良的副作用，如心律失常。