And the bubbles trap air from 20,000 years ago.

这些气泡吸附着 2 万年前的空气。

To do this, the researchers developed a way to study small air bubbles trapped in ancient salt crystals.

为此，研究人员发明了一种办法来研究古盐结晶中夹带的小气泡。

The Canadian researchers used a method to study air bubbles trapped in halite, the natural form of table salt.

加拿大研究人员借助一种办法来研究岩盐中夹带的气泡。岩盐是食盐的自然形态。

We know that from studying air bubbles trapped in Antarctic ice.

我们通过研究困在南极冰层中的气泡知道了这一点。

The bubbles trapped inside the oil film cause the drop to go from perfectly circular to changing rapidly between asymmetric shapes.

油膜内的气泡导致液滴从完美的圆形变为不对称形状之间的快速变化。

Generally speaking, a foam is a bunch of air bubbles trapped in a liquid and something in that liquid is called a surfactant, a surface-active agent.

一般来说，泡沫是一堆被困在液体中的气泡，液体中的物质被称为表面活性剂，一种表面活性剂。

In this long-ago case, we know how much carbon dioxide concentrations increased between the last ice age and preindustrial period from air bubbles trapped in ancient ice.

在这个很久以前的例子中，通过冻在古代冰块中的气泡，我们知道在最后一个冰河时期和前工业化时期之间，二氧化碳的浓度增加了多少。

That’s a nucleation site--it could be a fiber or dust particle on the glass, an imperfection or bump, or even a tiny trapped air bubble.

那是一个成核点——它可能是玻璃上的纤维或灰尘颗粒、缺陷或凸起，甚至是微小的气泡。

The bubbles trapped inside the oil film cause the drop to go from perfectly circular to changing rapidly between asymmetric shapes. It looks like a sort of chaotic vibrating.

这些被困在油膜内部的气泡使水珠从完美球形迅速变为不对称形状。看起来像是一种混乱的振动。

In this long-ago case, we know how much carbon dioxide concentrations increased between the last ice age and preindustrial period from air bubbles trapped in ancient ice.

在这个很久以前的案例中，我们知道在最后一个冰河时代和前工业化时期之间， 由于古代冰层中的气泡， 二氧化碳浓度增加了多少。

With some vigorous mixing, bubbles build up faster than they break, and you get a foam — a whole mess of tiny gas bubbles trapped in a liquid or solid.

通过一些剧烈的混合，气泡形成的速度比破裂的速度快，你会得到泡沫——一大堆被困在液体或固体中的微小气泡。