Dogs today are rarely bred for their working abilities (herding, hunting, guarding), but for a very particular type of appearance, which inevitably risks the spread of physical and temperamental abnormalities.

如今狗种培育很少是注重其为人们做事的能力（如放牧、打猎、看门等），而是为了让其具有特定外形，这不可避免地可能导致一 些生理和性情上的畸形现象随繁殖而扩散。