There was bilingualism, but that's interesting.

那里一度通行双语 这很有趣。

Bilingualism – or speaking two languages equally well – is a form of brain training.

使用双语，也就是使用两种语言是一种训练大脑的方式。

There is research showing that bilingualism is associated with a delay in Alzheimer's diagnosis.

有研究显示双语与延迟发展阿兹海默症有关。

So what drew you to the field of bilingualism in general?

是什么吸引您进入研究双语的领域？

There are two kinds of bilingualism, simultaneous and sequential.

同时型双语和顺序型双语。

An article on the benefits of bilingualism on dementias was published this month in the journal Neurology.

有关双语对痴呆症益处的文章本月发表在杂志《神经学》上。

The idea of major cognitive benefits to bilingualism may seem intuitive now, but it would have surprised earlier experts.

双语在认知方面的主要好处的想法现在看来可能很直观，但它会让早期的专家感到惊讶。

Dr. Maria Arredondo is a developmental psychologist who studies the cognitive impacts of bilingualism in young children.

Dr. Maria Arredondo是一位发展心理学家，研究双语教育对年幼儿童认知的影响。

That's not even mentioning the social and cultural benefits of bilingualism that are harder to test in a lab.

这还不包括双语的社会和文化带来的好处，这些好处在实验室中比较难测试。

At how bilingualism interacts with and so on, all we are really not interested in what researchers looked at, right?

“关于双语能力如何与其他因素相互作用”，我们对研究员具体研究的什么并不感兴趣，对吧？

So, while bilingualism may not necessarily make you smarter, it does make your brain more healthy, complex, and actively engaged.

因此，双语可能不必然让你更聪明，但确实会让你的大脑更健康、健全和更能专注。

But linguists know that's not really how bilingualism works.

但语言学家知道，双语并不是这样运作的。

For a long time, people thought that bilingualism was a handicap, that it stunted development and language acquisition.

很长一段时间以来，人们认为双语能力是一种缺陷，会阻碍发展和语言习得。

This is because there is an important distinction between bilingualism and biculturalism.

这是因为双语主义和双文化主义之间存在重要区别。

But despite efforts to encourage bilingualism, in all three countries it was possible to live a life almost entirely in Russian.

但是，尽管努力鼓励双语，在这三个国家中，几乎完全可以用俄语过生活。

The studies on bilingualism and dementia were conducted in people who have used multiple languages in their daily life since at least early adulthood.

有关双语和失智症的研究，是在至少从成年早期开始就在日常生活中使用多种语言的人群中进行的。

What's fascinating about this work is that it's showing that the brain is plastic and that experiences like bilingualism can alter how the brain is organized.

这项研究令人着迷的地方在于，它显示出大脑是具有可塑性的，而像双语主义这样的经验可以改变大脑的组织方式。

People who do other forms of mental multitasking all the time may not get such a big lift from bilingualism, if they get any at all.

但如果有提升的话，那些一直在做其他形式的脑力多任务处理的人可能没有从双语中得到的提升大。

If you saw our video on bilingualism, you'll remember that bilingual kids grow up with cognitive advantages in memory and attention.

如果您看过我们关于双语的视频，您会记得双语孩子在成长过程中在记忆力和注意力方面具有认知优势。

While the benefits of bilingualism are clear, there is a debate about which foreign language should be taught as the primary one in schools.

虽然双语的好处显而易见，但对于学校应该教授哪种外语作为主要语言存在争论。