If the supplementary cost is heavy, it follows that the marginal user cost will be low when there is surplus equipment.

如果补充成本很大， 那么当有剩余设备时， 边际用户成本会很低。

Thus business men would seem to have the notion of user cost implicitly in mind, though they do not formulate it distinctly.

因此，商人似乎隐含地想到了用户成本的概念， 尽管他们没有明确地表述它。

In this case the supplementary cost over any period must be taken as the excess of this predetermined figure over the actual user cost.

在这种情况下， 任何时期的补充成本都必须视为该预定数字超过实际用户成本的部分。

How, then, is the user cost of an act of production calculated by the entrepreneur?

那么，企业家如何计算生产行为的用户成本呢？

But the concept of user cost shows how the scrapping of (say) half the redundant plant may have the effect of raising prices immediately.

但用户成本的概念表明， 报废（比如说）一半的冗余工厂可能会立即提高价格。

In this way interest cost and current supplementary cost enter indirectly into the calculation of user cost.

这样利息成本和当期补充成本就间接进入了用户成本的计算。

Moreover, much the same considerations apply to the allowance for wastage included in user cost, in so far as the wastage is not actually made good.

此外，很多相同的考虑适用于用户成本中包含的浪费补贴，只要浪费实际上没有得到补偿。

In the case of a general slump, marginal user cost will depend on how long entrepreneurs expect the slump to last.

在普遍低迷的情况下，边际用户成本将取决于企业家预计低迷会持续多久。

Moreover, when there is surplus equipment, the marginal factor and user costs are unlikely to be much in excess of their average value.

此外，当设备过剩时，边际因素和用户成本不太可能超过其平均价值。

For by bringing the date of the absorption of the redundancy nearer, this policy raises marginal user cost and consequently increases the current supply price.

因为通过提前吸收冗余的日期， 该政策提高了边际用户成本， 从而提高了当前的供应价格。

User cost has, I think, an importance for the classical theory of value which has been overlooked.

我认为，用户成本对于被忽视的经典价值理论具有重要意义。

As the redundancy becomes less, the user cost will gradually increase; and the excess of marginal over average factor and user cost may also gradually increase.

随着冗余变少，用户成本会逐渐增加；而边际超平均因素和用户成本也可能逐渐增加。

For the short-period supply price is the sum of the marginal factor cost and the marginal user cost.

对于短期供应价格是边际要素成本和边际用户成本之和。

The sum of the factor cost F and the user cost U we shall call the prime cost of the output A.

要素成本 F 和用户成本 U 之和称为产出 A 的主要成本。

Thus an entrepreneur uses by preference that part of his equipment for which the user cost plus factor cost is least per unit of output.

因此，企业家优先使用每单位产出的用户成本加要素成本最低的那部分设备。

It is an advantage of the concepts of user cost and supplementary cost that they are as applicable to working and liquid capital as to fixed capital.

使用成本和补充成本概念的一个优点是，它们既适用于固定资本，也适用于营运资本和流动资本。

Perhaps the most important element in marginal cost which is likely to change in a different proportion from the wage-unit, and also to fluctuate within much wider limits, is marginal user cost.

也许边际成本中最重要的因素是边际用户成本，它可能会以与工资单位不同的比例变化，也可能在更宽的范围内波动。

The excess of the value of the resulting output over the sum of its factor cost and its user cost is the profit or, as we shall call it, the income of the entrepreneur.

最终产出的价值超过其要素成本和用户成本之和的部分就是利润，或者我们称之为企业家的收入。

But, whereas it may be occasionally convenient in dealing with output as a whole to deduct user cost, this procedure deprives our analysis of all

但是，虽然在处理整体输出时扣除用户成本有时可能很方便，但这个过程剥夺了我们对所有分析的能力。

Thus the rise in the supply price when affairs begin to mend may be partly due to a sharp increase in marginal user cost due to a revision of their expectations.

因此，当情况开始好转时，供应价格的上涨可能部分是由于用户预期的修正导致边际用户成本急剧增加。