New colonies, it has already been observed, are always understocked.

已经观察到， 新的殖民地总是存货不足。

The market is understocked with commodities, not with labour, with work done, not with work to be done.

市场供不应求的是商品， 而不是劳动力、已完成的工作而不是待完成的工作。

The boat was understocked with lifeboats, and all other aid was too far away to save the passengers  floating in the water.

这艘船的救生艇数量不足，而且所有其他救助设施都离得太远，无法拯救漂浮在水中的乘客。

That market will very seldom be overstocked; but it will generally be understocked; the people, whose business it is to supply it, being generally afraid lest their goods should be left upon their hands.

那个市场很少会积压；但通常会缺货；负责供应它的人们普遍担心他们的货物落在他们手上。

A public mourning raises the price of black cloth (with which the market is almost always understocked upon such occasions), and augments the profits of the merchants who possess any considerable quantity of it.

公开哀悼会提高黑布的价格（在这种情况下市场上几乎总是缺货）， 并增加拥有大量黑布的商人的利润。

The monopolists, by keeping the market constantly understocked by never fully supplying the effectual demand, sell their commodities much above the natural price, and raise their emoluments, whether they consist in wages or profit, greatly above their natural rate.

垄断者永远不会完全满足有效需求，从而使市场持续供不应求，从而以远高于自然价格的价格出售他们的商品，并将他们的报酬（无论是工资还是利润）提高到远高于自然率的水平。

A new colony must always, for some time, be more understocked in proportion to the extent of its territory, and more underpeopled in proportion to the extent of its stock, than the greater part of other countries.

一个新的殖民地， 在一段时间内， 与其他国家的大部分地区相比， 就其领土范围而言， 其牲畜数量总是不足， 而且就其牲畜数量而言， 其人口比例也比其人口少。

The market would be so much understocked with labour in the one case, and so much overstocked in the other, as would soon force back its price to that proper rate which the circumstances of the society required.

在一种情况下，市场上劳动力存货严重不足，而在另一种情况下，劳动力存货过多，很快就会迫使其价格回到社会环境所需要的适当水平。