TREE rings are Mother Nature's history books.

年轮是大自然的史书。

For example, narrow tree rings suggest dry conditions.

例如，狭窄的年轮意味着干燥的条件。

This light blue section is data from tree ring observations.

浅蓝色的部分是树木年轮观测的数据。

Scientists at NASA recently studied tree rings in the region.

美国宇航局的科学家们最近对这个地区的树木年轮进行了研究。

Tree rings are made of tissue called xylem.

构成年轮的组织被称为木质部。

We see it in the tree rings of the ancient redwoods.

我们可以在古老的红杉树的年轮上看到火。

Fry then decided to count the tree's rings to learn its age.

然后弗莱决定数树的年轮来了解它的年龄。

Tree rings can show age and give information about the environment over time.

树木年轮可以显示树龄，并提供随时间变化的环境信息。

When we look at words this way, it is much like exploring tree rings.

当我们以这种方式看待单词时，就很像探索树木的年轮。

Around the Haversian canals, there are concentric lamellae, which look a bit like tree rings.

在哈弗斯管周围有许多同心薄片，看起来有点像树的年轮。

We know this because shark vertebrae show rings of their growth, just like tree rings.

我们知道这一点，是根据鲨鱼的脊椎骨显示出它们生长的环，就像树木的年轮一样。

People are more familiar with things like tree rings and ice cores or ocean sediment cores.

人们更熟悉树木年轮、冰核或海洋沉积物核等东西。

He's a dendrochronologist: someone who analyzes tree rings, which give age and environmental info.

他是树木年代学家，主要工作是分析提供树龄和环境信息的年轮。

They determined that bands form in the shark vertebrae every year, like a tree's growth rings.

他们确定，每年鲨鱼的椎骨都会形成条纹，就像树木的年轮一样。

Some ice cores have annual layers just like trees do, you know, how you can count tree rings?

有些冰核有一年生的层，就像树一样，你知道，你是怎么数年轮的？

Problem is he  now needs something outside of the tree rings to prove that.

问题是他现在需要年轮之外的东西来证明这一点。

And they're sort of like time capsules, storing a record of past human activity in their tree rings, chemistry and DNA.

它们有点像时间胶囊，将远古人类活动记录在年轮、化学物质和DNA中。

The researchers used modern measuring equipment and examined tree rings to make estimates dating back as far as the year 800.

研究人员使用现代测量设备，检查了年轮，做出了最早可追溯到公元800年的估计。

Then the tree rings extended it back to 1700, so they  added, like, 150 years.

然后树木年轮将其延长到 1700 年，所以他们增加了大约 150 年。

Because if they do,   it's like the shipwrecks and the tree rings are both showing us hurricanes.

拉蒂夫：因为如果他们这样做了，就像沉船和年轮都在向我们展示飓风一样。