This can be caused by trauma, surgery or degenerative spinal disease.

这可能由创伤、手术或退行性脊柱疾病导致。

Spondylolisthesis is a condition where one vertebra slips or becomes displaced, due to a trauma, surgery or degenerative spinal disease, and presses on the nearby nerve roots.

脊椎滑脱是指椎骨的滑动或移位，通常由于外伤、手术或退行性脊柱疾病；脊椎滑脱会进而压迫附近的神经根。