NK cells kill their target cells by releasing cytotoxic granules in their cytoplasm directly into the target cell.

NK细胞通过释放胞质内的细胞毒颗粒直接进入靶细胞内，来杀死靶细胞。

So how do hormones bind to their target cells?

那么激素是如何与靶细胞结合的呢？

But neither radiation nor chemotherapeutic drugs target only cancer cells.

但放疗和化疗破环的不单单是癌细胞。

Researchers are still developing more precise interventions that only target the intended cancer cells.

研究人员仍在开发更精确的干预措施治疗目标癌细胞。

While the therapy targets malignant cells, it also destroys nearby healthy ones.

虽然治疗的目的是杀死恶性细胞，但它也破坏了附近健康的细胞。

So target cells for those kinds of hormones have receptors for them on the outside of their membranes.

所以这些激素的靶细胞在膜的外面有受体。

In fact, the researchers found that the modified virus actually targeted the tumor cells.

事实上，研究人员发现经过修饰的病毒实际上针对的是肿瘤细胞。

Figuring out how to target these stubborn cells might help prevent cancers from coming back.

弄清楚如何靶向这些顽固细胞可能有助于防止癌症复发。

This type of medicine allows the nanobots to precisely target cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells intact.

这种药物使纳米机器人能够精确地瞄准癌细胞，同时保持健康细胞完好无损。

Once rhinovirus has been introduced to the respiratory mucosa, it targets cell surface receptors expressed at the surface of nasal epithelial cells.

一旦鼻病毒被进入呼吸道粘膜，它的目标是在鼻上皮细胞表面表达的细胞表面受体。

There are also target cells, which are small RBCs that look like bullseyes due to scrunching up of the excess cell membrane.

也可见靶形红细胞（由于多余的细胞膜皱缩而看起来像靶心的小红细胞）。

Like steroids, thyroid hormone is lipid-soluble, so it crosses the membrane of its target cell to bind inside the nucleus.

像类固醇一样，甲状腺激素是脂溶性的，所以它穿过靶细胞的膜与细胞核结合。

Hormones activate target cells by one of two methods, depending upon the chemical nature of the hormone.

根据激素的化学性质，激素通过两种方法之一激活靶细胞。

ACTH, then, travels to the pair of adrenal glands, on top of each kidney, where it specifically targets cells in the adrenal cortex.

ACTH之后被运输到位于两个肾上方的肾上腺，在此专门针对肾上腺皮质细胞。

From there, each hormone needs to locate a set of target cells in order to bring about a specific change.

从那里开始，每种激素都需要定位一组目标细胞才能带来特定的变化。

Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid hormones and hormones of the thyroid gland) diffuse through the cell membranes of target cells.

脂溶性激素(类固醇激素和甲状腺激素)经扩散通过靶细胞的细胞膜。

Researchers are exploring various methods, including nanoparticles and viral vectors, to efficiently and safely introduce the CRISPR system into target cells.

研究人员正在探索各种方法，包括纳米粒子和病毒载体，以有效、安全地将CRISPR系统引入靶细胞。

Firstly, by combining them with an anti-cancer drug which can then accurately locate and target only the cancer cells, or avoiding the healthy cells.

首先，将它们与抗癌药物结合，然后可以准确定位和靶向癌细胞，避开健康细胞。

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by a cell that effects specific change in the cellular activity of target cells.

激素是细胞产生的一种化学信使，它能引起靶细胞活动的特定变化。

Lipid-soluble hormones, on the other hand, can just basically glide right through that cell membrane, so their receptor sites are inside their target cells.

另一方面，脂溶性荷尔蒙可以直接穿过细胞膜，所以它们的受体位于靶细胞内。