The eastern territories never achieved a real unity; five great duchies, Saxony, Franconia, Lorraine, Bavaria, and Swabia, developed, and were dominant.

东部地区从未实现真正的统一； 萨克森、弗兰肯、洛林、巴伐利亚和斯瓦比亚五个大公国发展起来并占据统治地位。