But the subscription libraries early lending practices had flaws: they still had barriers to access on the basis of gender, class, ethnicity and race.

但是，订阅图书馆早期的借阅做法存在缺陷：它们仍然存在性别、阶级、民族和种族的障碍。

This eventually led to the formation of the Library Company of Philadelphia in 1731, which is one of the first ever subscription libraries.

这最终导致了 1731 年费城图书馆公司的成立，这是有史以来最早的订阅图书馆之一。