To rigorously examine the benefits of meditation, we need many more carefully controlled and longitudinal studies that follow people over a longer period of time before and after beginning meditation.

为了严格检验冥想的好处，我们需要更多更仔细的控制和纵向研究，追踪人们在开始冥想前后的较长一段时间。

There was one longitudinal study that had me really worried, that showed that teenagers who saw pornography were subsequently more likely to perpetrate sexual violence.

有一项纵向研究让我非常担心，它表明看到色情内容的青少年随后更有可能实施性暴力。

We have a random control trial that shows strong evidence of effectiveness, and we even have a longitudinal study that shows our children's gains last into third and fourth grade, the highest grades the children had achieved at the time.

我们进行了一项随机对照试验，证明了其有效性，我们甚至进行了一项纵向研究，表明我们的孩子的成绩可以达到三、四等级，这是这个时段孩子们能取得的最高成绩。