Past medical history of rheumatic heart disease with mitral valve stenosis.

以前有风湿性心脏病伴二尖瓣狭窄病史。

I'm far too young to get spinal stenosis. I looked it up.

我这么年轻 得椎管狭窄不可能啊 我查过的。

Another cause of nerve compression is spinal stenosis, which is the narrowing of the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen.

神经受压迫的另一个原因是椎管狭窄，即椎管或椎间孔的狭窄。

With stenosis, there may be dysphagia, which is a fancy way to say difficulty swallowing.

由于食管狭窄，可能有吞咽困难的症状。

Bilateral sciatica, where both legs are affected, can occur with central disc herniated, lumbar stenosis or spondylolisthesis.

双侧的坐骨神经痛，可发生于中央型椎间盘突出、腰椎管狭窄、脊椎滑脱。

For example the duct may take on a chain-of-lakes pattern due to alternating stenosis and dilation of the ducts.

例如胰管造影可能会显示狭窄和扩张交替出现的“湖链征”。

(4) Prophylactic measures, in a patient on prolonged mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube, there is a risk for tracheal stenosis.

(4)预防措施：长时间经气管内插管进行机械通气的患者，存在气管狭窄的风险。

Mucosal damage can cause inflammation, or esophagitis, which can lead to complications like stenosis and Barrett's esophagus.

粘膜损伤可引起炎症，即食管炎，这可能导致并发症，比如食管狭窄和Barrett食管。

Compression can also be caused by spinal stenosis which is the narrowing of the vertebral foramen in the lumbar vertebrae.

另外，椎管狭窄也可引起压迫；椎管狭窄，顾名思义，指的是腰椎脊髓腔的狭窄。

I think it may have causedthe accident. Spinal stenosis is commonin older people.

是这样导致了事故 脊椎狭窄在老年人中很常见。

It could also develop slowly, like if it's caused by a tumor or spinal stenosis, where the pain increases over time.

疼痛也可能缓慢进展，比如是由肿瘤或椎管狭窄引起时，那么疼痛久而久之会加剧。

X-rays with barium contrast of the upper GI tract can be useful to identify complications, like ulcers or esophageal stenosis.

上消化道钡餐造影有助于鉴别并发症，比如溃疡或食管狭窄。

Left atrial enlargement is commonly due to mitral stenosis.

左房增大通常是由于二尖瓣狭窄引起的。

Oh, the echo tests showed mild mitral stenosis. The tilt test was negative. We're doing E.P. Studies.

哦，超声波检查表明轻微的二尖瓣狭窄。穿刺结果也不好。我们在做EP研究。

Aortic valve stenosis, when the aortic valve does not open properly and blood is forced through a narrow opening.

主动脉瓣狭窄，当主动脉瓣不恰当打开时，血液勉强通过狭窄的开口。

X-rays with barium contrast of the upper GI tract can be useful to identify the location of the cancer and complications like ulcers or esophageal stenosis.

上消化道的X线钡餐检查可有效确认食管癌的部位以及是否有破溃、食管狭窄等并发症。

If it's a simple... if it's a simple thing like what's the differential for aortic stenosis, i. e. injection systolic murmur, there's just four points here.

如果这是一个简单的......如果这是一个简单的内容，比如主动脉狭窄的鉴别诊断，即注射收缩期杂音，这里只有四个要点。

As part of the subsequent healing process pancreatic stellate cells lay down fibrotic tissue which causes narrowing, or stenosis of the ducts, as well as acinar cell atrophy.

作为后续修复愈合过程的一部分，胰腺星状细胞会产生纤维化组织，造成导管狭窄及腺泡细胞萎缩。

Aortic stenosis murmur is loudest in the aortic area and the sound radiates to the carotid arteries in the neck following the direction of blood flow.

主动脉瓣狭窄杂音在主动脉区域声音最大，杂音随着血流的方向放射至颈部的颈动脉。

On the other hand when pulmonary stenosis is severe, blood in the right ventricle has to escape through the septal defect during ventricular contraction and a right-to-left shunt results.

另一方面，当肺动脉狭窄严重时，心室收缩过程中，右心室的血液不得不通过室间隔缺损分流，形成右向左分流。