The first type of epithelium is called keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

第一种上皮名叫角化复层鳞状上皮。

A perforation becomes permanent when its edges are covered by squamous epithelium and it does not heal spontaneously.

当穿孔的边缘被鳞状上皮覆盖且不能自动愈合时，穿孔就成为永久性的。

Squamous cells are flat. Their name means " scale, " and they look kind of squished, like fish scales.

鳞状细胞是扁平的。它们的名字的意思是“鳞片”，它们看起来有点压扁了，就像鱼鳞一样。

Squamous cell cancers arise from squamous cells that undergo genetic mutations that either activate proto-oncogenes or inactivate tumor suppressor genes.

鳞状细胞癌产生于经历了基因突变的鳞状细胞，基因突变可能激活原癌基因、或使抑癌基因失活。

Squamous cell carcinoma, as you can tell by its name, arises from squamous epithelium.

鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）正如其名，来源于鳞状上皮细胞。

Most of the oral cavity is lined by stratified squamous epithelium, so the majority of cancers that arise are squamous cell cancers.

口腔内大部分表面都由复层鳞状上皮覆盖，所以大部分口腔癌都属于鳞状细胞癌。

Arthur felt mobile waves of hope running the length of its squamous body from head to tail.

阿瑟感到鳞光闪闪的这条鱼的浑身上下从头到尾涌动着一股求生的愿望。

Those squamous cells are a dime a dozen. There's still lots of layers left. Plus, epithelial tissue regenerates really quickly.

那些鳞状细胞可以说是一打一毛钱。还有很多层。另外，上皮组织再生非常快。

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the stratified squamous epithelium.

食管鳞癌起源于复层鳞状上皮。

These cancer cells release a substance called mobility factor, which helps them break into and settle in between the squamous epithelial cells.

这些癌细胞可以释放一种叫做迁移因子的物质，可以使他们侵犯鳞状上皮细胞，并在其间安家。

They're actually tucked into tiny pockets hidden behind the stratified squamous epithelial cells on your tongue.

它们实际上被藏在舌头上复层鳞状上皮细胞后面的小口袋里。

For example, squamous cells are flat, which makes it easy for materials like oxygen to move across them to the other side.

例如，鳞状细胞是扁平的，这使得像氧气这样的物质很容易通过它们移动到另一边。

Wearing sunscreen helps protect against the development of all three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

基底细胞癌、鳞状上皮癌、和黑色素瘤。

In chronic laryngitis the normal columnar cells undergo dysplasia, which is when they transform into squamous epithelium to adapt to the chronic irritation.

慢性喉炎中，正常柱状细胞异型增生转变为鳞状上皮细胞，来适应慢性刺激。

When this happens, squamous cells start dividing uncontrollably, and more mutations accumulate with each division.

当基因突变发生，鳞状上皮细胞开始不受控地分裂，随着每一次分裂，新的突变还会继续积累。

Finally, at the lower esophageal sphincter, the squamous epithelium joins the columnar gastric epithelium to form the gastroesophageal junction.

最后，在食管下括约肌处，食管鳞状上皮移行为胃柱状上皮，形成了胃-食管交界区。

A second type of epithelium is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and it contains cells that don't produce much keratin, making this layer less tough.

第二种上皮是未角化的复层鳞状上皮，其细胞产生的角质较少，故这层结构相对比较脆弱。

For example, a simple squamous epithelium refers to a single layer of flat, scale-like cells, like the lining of the air sacs deep in your lungs.

例如，简单的鳞状上皮是指单层平坦的鳞片状细胞，就像肺部深处的气囊内膜一样。

Because that's because each sac contains a cluster of alveoli, these tiny cavities lined with super thin, wet membranes made of simple squamous epithelium tissue.

因为这是因为每个囊包含一簇肺泡，这些微小的空腔内衬着由简单鳞状上皮组织制成的超薄湿膜。

All right, as a quick recap, oral cancer refers to cancers that originate in the oral cavity, which is lined by keratinized or non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelia.

得！快速回顾一下：口腔癌指起源于口腔的癌症；口腔由角化或未角化的复层鳞状上皮覆盖。