So originally a " guru" was a spiritual guide.

" 导师" 原本是指心灵向导。

Roman sources describe the presence  of druids in Celtic societies, who were learned spiritual guides and legal  authorities.

罗马资料描述了凯尔特社会中德鲁伊的存在，他们是博学的精神导师和法律权威。

This learned stranger was exemplary, as regarded at least the outward forms of a religious life, and, early after his arrival, had chosen for his spiritual guide the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale.

这位博学的陌生人堪称楷模， 至少就宗教生活的外在形式而言，并且在他抵达后不久就选择了牧师丁梅斯代尔先生作为他的精神导师。